scholarly journals Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are ecological disrupting compounds (EcoDC)

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erinn K. Richmond ◽  
Michael R. Grace ◽  
John J. Kelly ◽  
Alexander J. Reisinger ◽  
Emma J. Rosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Community Respiration ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Harmful Effects

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are ubiquitous in freshwater ecosystems worldwide and are recognized as contaminants of concern. Currently, contaminants of concern are classified for their persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity (PBT criteria). PPCPs are not classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), although some PPCPs share characteristics similar to POPs. For example, PPCPs are known to be pseudopersistent due to constant discharge into the environment, often at low concentrations. At commonly reported environmental concentrations, PPCPs are rarely toxic, but the ability of these compounds to disrupt ecological processes and functions in freshwater ecosystems is often overlooked. Herein we briefly summarize recent studies highlighting the potential ecological effects of PPCPs, including effects on key ecological processes (e.g. primary productivity and community respiration), and we propose that appropriate screening for harmful effects of PPCPs in surface waters should be expanded to include Ecologically Disrupting Compounds (EcoDC) in addition to the established PBT criteria.

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products alter growth and function in lentic biofilms

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawton Shaw ◽  
Chuyen Phung ◽  
Michael Grace
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Community Respiration ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
And Function

Environmental context Pharmaceuticals and personal care products are routinely found in waters discharged from treatment plants and in surrounding aquatic ecosystems. Despite the widespread occurrence of these biologically active agents, there is limited understanding of their potential effects on key ecosystem processes such as primary production, ecosystem respiration and algal growth. This paper examines the effects of five common pharmaceuticals on the rates of these fundamental processes. Abstract Pharmaceutical diffusing substrates were used to study in situ responses of aquatic biofilms in an urbanised lentic ecosystem to five pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs; caffeine, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, diphenhydramine and metformin). The pharmaceutical diffusing substrates consisted of porous biofilm substrates placed atop a mass of agar amended with 2.5mM of the PPCP compound of interest. Over 21 days, biofilms growing on the substrata were exposed to slow diffusion of the PPCP through the agar and porous substrate. Algal biomass was suppressed by exposure to diphenhydramine (–81%) and ciprofloxacin (–50%). Gross primary production was completely suppressed by diphenhydramine exposure but stimulated by caffeine (+39%) and cimetidine (+46%). For heterotroph biofilms, community respiration was suppressed by exposure to diphenhydramine (–24%). To characterise PPCP exposure, rates of diffusion from the pharmaceutical diffusing substrates were measured at 10, 20 and 30°C. Diffusion was Fickian for all compounds and all temperatures. Diffusion coefficients, D, were in the range 1.5×10–10 to 1.1×10–9m2s–1. From diffusion data, average release rates over 21 days were typically 30–50ngmin–1cm–2 at 20°C. The results show that PPCPs can dramatically affect rates of key ecological processes, and the relationship between release rate and ambient concentration of PPCPs is discussed.

Occurrence of 70 pharmaceutical and personal care products in Tone River basin in Japan

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Nakada ◽  
K. Komori ◽  
Y. Suzuki ◽  
C. Konishi ◽  
I. Houwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Population Total ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Flow Profiles

The occurrence of 70 pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) was investigated in the Tone River. The river has the largest basin in Japan, and the water is utilized not only for farming, but also as a source of water supply. One day in both January and October 2006, surface waters in the river and its tributaries and effluents from sewage treatment plants (STPs) directly discharging into the Tone River were collected, the location of which ranged over 150 km along the river. The 70 PPCPs in the samples were concentrated by solid phase cartridge and were measured by LC-MS/MS using three analytical methods. Fifty-seven PPCPs were detected in one or more samples. Bezafibrate, caffeine, carbamazepine, clarithromycin, crotamiton and sulpiride were frequently detected. Mass flow profiles of some PPCPs (e.g., crotamiton) were comparable to cumulative inhabitants in the basin, suggesting that these PPCPs could be markers of population. Total load of each PPCP into the basin from upstream, the tributaries, and the STPs were calculated. The contribution of selected PPCPs from the tributaries with lower sewerage system coverage was dominant compared to those from upstream and the STPs, suggesting the installation of sewerage systems is necessary to reduce the load of PPCPs in the Tone River basin.

Strong electron affinity PDI supramolecules form anion radical for organic pollutants degradation via directly electrophilic attack

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Bai ◽  
Cong Wang ◽  
Xuyu Wang ◽  
Tianqi Jia ◽  
Boxuan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Electron Affinity ◽  
Anion Radical ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Electrophilic Attack ◽  
Strong Electron

Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are the most common hazardous environmental pollutants. PDIs anion radical is the promising photocatalyst to transform PPCPs into non-toxic CO2 and H2O for clean...

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and personal care products (PCPs) in the surface sediments of a large tropical bay (Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil)

2020 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 111818
Author(s):  
Basílio M.T. Sotão Neto ◽  
Tatiane Combi ◽  
Satie Taniguchi ◽  
Ana C.R. Albergaria-Barbosa ◽  
Raissa B. Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Tropical Bay

First screening of biocides, persistent organic pollutants, pharmaceutical and personal care products in Antarctic phytoplankton from Deception Island by FT-ICR-MS

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 129860
Author(s):  
Bernardo Duarte ◽  
Carla Gameiro ◽  
Ana Rita Matos ◽  
Andreia Figueiredo ◽  
Marta Sousa Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Deception Island ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr

scholarly journals Pharmaceuticals and personal care products as emerging micropollutants in Brazilian surface waters: a preliminary snapshot on environmental contamination and risks

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1SI) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Fabriz Sodré ◽  
Priscila Mendonça Dutra ◽  
Viviane Portela Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Effect Concentration

The present work intended to present a preliminary snapshot on the contamination of Brazilian surface waters by pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Data were collected elsewhere for Measured Environmental Concentrations (MEC) in surface waters and Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC). Prioritization was based on risk assessment, where MEC/PNEC ratios higher than 1.0 indicate a positive risk, values below 0.1 indicate absence of risk and intermediate values, potential risk. Results revealed that hormones, antibiotics drugs and triclosan should be prioritized to subsidize the generation of water quality standards to protect aquatic life.

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