Move Over! Studying Flatfish Travel Patterns to Profile Fish Behavior

2012 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Aultman ◽  
Mary Carla Curran
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Fish Behavior ◽  
Science Laboratory ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
Travel Patterns ◽  
The Way

The way an animal moves from place to place can inform us about its life and environment. In this lesson, students examine the travel patterns of juvenile flatfishes in an estuary. The process of sampling bottom-dwelling fishes is explained, and data from a university-based marine science laboratory are evaluated. Students compare the distance traveled by juvenile fish to human movement by determining their own average step length. Comparing step length to the distance-to-body-length traveled by flatfish enables students to put in perspective the journey taken by the fish.

scholarly journals Juvenile fish in Cystoseira forests: influence of habitat complexity and depth on fish behaviour and assemblage composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
AMALIA CUADROS ◽  
JOAN MORANTA ◽  
LUIS CARDONA ◽  
PIERRE THIRIET ◽  
PATRICE FRANCOUR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Habitat Complexity ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
The Body ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Canopy Volume

The sublittoral forests formed by the fucoid algae Cystoseira spp. are important juvenile habitats for many Mediterranean fish species. However, the spatial variability of juvenile fish assemblages within the forests and the potential environmental drivers, such as depth and habitat complexity, remain poorly understood. We estimated densities, sizes and behaviours of juvenile fish assemblages in subtidal (0-15 meters) Cystoseira brachycarpa var. balearica forests in north Minorca Island (North-western Mediterranean Sea) over two consecutive autumns (2012 and 2013). Depth and forest complexity, here measured as canopy volume, had both a significant and independent effect on the juvenile fish assemblages in terms of species abundance composition and body size. Assemblages found in the shallowest depth range (3-4m) were characterized by greater densities of the ornate wrasse Thalassoma pavo, while those deeper (10-12m) had higher densities of the rainbow wrasse Coris julis, independently of its size composition. Juveniles of both species were more abundant in less complex forests; conversely juveniles of wrasses of the genus Symphodus were more abundant in more complex forests. The smallest sizes of T. pavo occurred in the most complex forests. On the other hand, our results demonstrated that juvenile fish behaviours were unrelated to the complexity of the Cystoseira forests but mainly related to the body length. The effects of body length on behaviour were however species dependent. Cryptic and transitory behaviours were mostly observed in the smallest and largest juveniles of T. pavo and C. julis, respectively, while the behaviour of Symphodus spp. was unrelated to their body length. Our study emphasises the importance of preserving healthy Cystoseira forests and their intrinsic patchy nature, as this habitat, with its mosaic of different complexity degrees and bathymetrical variability, enable the presence of different fish species at various life stages.

scholarly journals Effects of upper body parameters on biped walking efficiency studied by dynamic optimization

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 172988141668270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang An ◽  
Chuanjiang Li ◽  
Zuhua Fang ◽  
Chengju Liu
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Dynamic Optimization ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Walking Gait ◽  
Body Parameters ◽  
Walking Efficiency

Walking efficiency is one of the considerations for designing biped robots. This article uses the dynamic optimization method to study the effects of upper body parameters, including upper body length and mass, on walking efficiency. Two minimal actuations, hip joint torque and push-off impulse, are used in the walking model, and minimal constraints are set in a free search using the dynamic optimization. Results show that there is an optimal solution of upper body length for the efficient walking within a range of walking speed and step length. For short step length, walking with a lighter upper body mass is found to be more efficient and vice versa. It is also found that for higher speed locomotion, the increase of the upper body length and mass can make the walking gait optimal rather than other kind of gaits. In addition, the typical strategy of an optimal walking gait is that just actuating the swing leg at the beginning of the step.

scholarly journals To die so far from Dixie : modeling epidemic dysentery in a Civil War prison camp

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rebecca Shattuck Lander
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
National Level ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Computer Simulation Model ◽  
Prison Camp ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Epidemics have played a role in shaping human experiences of conflict among both soldiers and civilians. Prisoners of war, displaced populations, and confined refugees have experienced, and continue to experience, outbreaks of infectious disease, which are exacerbated by physical, environmental, and psychological stressors. Observations of epidemics at the global, regional, or national level are not always able to provide a complete picture of the unique health challenges of these wartime populations. This research develops and applies a computer simulation model to examine the way human behaviors, and the impact of those behaviors on the environment, can impact the way diarrheal diseases develop and spread in confined high-density living situations. This simulation was tested against the recorded death and sickness patterns for a dysentery outbreak at Camp Douglas, Illinois, a 19th Century Civil War prison camp. The agent-based simulation used in this research is a unique approach, and is based on the feedback relationship between human movement and behavior and the resulting contamination of physical spaces with infectious material, rather than direct person-to-person pathogen transmission. The results of this simulation suggests that modeling disease transmission based on environmental result in distinct epidemic dynamics. The results of this research emphasize the importance of examining the relationship between humans, their environment, and patterns of health and disease. Additionally, it highlights the way that model design can help to increase knowledge of how even limited movement and interaction options available to confined individuals can lead to significant differences in patterns of disease spread and epidemic development, which can help to better design public health interventions targeted at confined populations.

scholarly journals STUDI MENGENAI PROSES TERTANGKAPNYA DAN TINGKAH LAKU IKAN TERHADAP GILLNET MILLENNIUM DI PERAIRAN BONDET, CIREBON (Studies on Capture Process and Fish Behavior towards Millennium Gillnet in Bondet Waters, Cirebon)

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Carolina C. Rakhmadevi Haluan ◽  
Ari Purbayanto ◽  
M. Fedi A Sondita
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Fish Behavior ◽  
The Other ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
Jack Mackerel ◽  
Capture Process ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Japanese Jack Mackerel ◽  
Catch Composition

<p>ABSTRACT<br />The millennium gillnet was recently adopted by Cirebon fishermen. Its use has been spread to other areas. Research on this type of gear is rare. The objectives of this research were: to investigate the effects of transparency on the fish behavior towards net panel of millennium gillnet; and to obtain the information on catch composition and the capture process of millennium gillnet. This research consisted of laboratory experiment and experimental fishing. The first objective was conducted in the laboratory experiment from August 2005 to March 2006 at Fish Behavior Laboratory, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology. The second objective was carried out in October to November 2006 in waters off Cirebon. This study concludes that: net transparency affected the Japanese Jack mackerel behavior towards contrast color net panel; the reduced transparency caused by the length of usage was not significant; catch of millennium gillnet in the field dominated by threadfins (71.29%) and the other catch were by-catch; and capture process of millennium gillnet dominated by gilled and wedged.<br />Keywords: fish behavior, millennium gillnet, capture process, catch composition, contrast color</p><p>------</p><p><br />ABSTRAK<br />Gillnet milenium baru-baru ini telah diadopsi oleh nelayan Cirebon. Penggunaannya telah menyebar ke daerah lain. Penelitian pada jenis alat tangkap ini masih jarang dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menyelidiki pengaruh transparansi terhadap tingkah laku ikan pada panel jaring gillnet</p>

scholarly journals Night-time predation on post-settlement Japanese black rockfish Sebastes cheni in a macroalgal bed: effect of body length on the predation rate

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1022-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hikari Kinoshita ◽  
Yasuhiro Kamimura ◽  
Ken-Ichiro Mizuno ◽  
Jun Shoji
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Selective Predation ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Black Rockfish ◽  
Piscivorous Fish ◽  
Fish Predators ◽  
Sebastes Cheni

Abstract Recent field studies have pointed out that the vulnerability of juvenile fish to predation is higher than anticipated during night-time in vegetated habitats. Effects of abundance, body length, and growth rate on predation were examined in juvenile Japanese black rockfish in 2009–2011 in a macroalgal bed. Juvenile rockfish abundance ranged between 2.5 and 49.0 ind. 100 m–2 and the biomass of potential predators (piscivorous fish >82.5 mm) between 140.0 and 601.3 g 100 m−2. Sebastes inermis was the most dominant predator, compromising more than 50% by wet weight on all sampling days. Comparison of the total length of juveniles surviving (as original population, OP) and that of juveniles ingested (IG) by predators provided the evidence of the size-selective predation on juvenile rockfish on three of seven sampling days. The juvenile predation rate estimated as abundance of IG (N 100 m−2)/(abundance of IG + OP (N 100 m−2)) × 100100 varied between 0.4 and 12.5%. Neither juvenile rockfish abundance nor predator biomass had a significant effect on the juvenile predation rate, whereas the juvenile body length had a significant effect, smaller individuals being more vulnerable to predation. The growth-selective predation was not detected. Macroalgal habitats, although functioning as nurseries during the day, may contribute as feeding grounds for piscivorous fish predators at night leading to enhanced nocturnal predation rates.

Going back to the roots of entrepreneurship

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Bizjak ◽  
Monica Calcagno ◽  
Luigi Maria Sicca
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Contemporary Dance ◽  
Supporting Surface ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Daily Experience ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
The Way

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the specific field of arts entrepreneurship by focussing on the practices of vertical dance; a language of contemporary dance where dancers act on a vertical axis, moving suspended on the surface of buildings and walls. The authors’ focus on vertical dance as a meaningful corporal practice to explore the particular combination of dance and human movement, going beyond its purely metaphoric dimension. Design/methodology/approach The authors’ adopt a micro-social perspective, observing the practices (Gherardi, 2012; Nicolini, 2012; Sicca, 2000), that took place from 2013 to 2015 in the daily work of Wanda Moretti, a Venetian choreographer and co-founder of the company “Il posto”, observed in different contexts of artistic practices (Zembylas, 2014). Research limitations/implications Deconstructing the overlapping dimensions that compose the space in our daily experience (force of gravity and the supporting surface), vertical dance clarifies how often we undervalue the complexity of the space and, at the same time, opens up the way for a better understanding and investigation of entrepreneurship in artistic fields. Originality/value The study sheds light on the way in which different categories, such as the human body, space, and movement, are a particular entanglement of elements, useful in highlighting some of the fundamental assumptions at the heart of the field of entrepreneurship. The heterogeneous complexity of space and bodies is emphasised, challenging its ordinary conceptualisation.

27.—Historical Development of Diving and its Contribution to Marine Science and Research.

1972 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-296
Author(s):  
Hermann Heberlein
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
Terrestrial Globe ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Marine Exploration ◽  
Science And Research ◽  
The Way

One of the first diving attempts in connection with marine exploration was started some 400 km from Edinburgh. On September 8, 1820, the Swiss physician Louis- Theodore Colladon [1] submerged in a diving-bell 10 m deep to the bottom of the sea at Howth, near Dublin (Ireland). During an hour's stay under water he observed and measured the ground. Being a diving doctor, he did not only take an interest in technical dates concerning the diving-bell, but he also kept a diary where he noted the professional divers inside the bell were supplied with additional nourishment as bread and brandy ‘in order to regain soonest their lost strength’.This paved the way for human entry into the sea, and henceforth science and research could be extended from the continents to the submarine field. People became aware of the ocean's importance which covers 71 per cent, of the terrestrial globe. Men invaded the element from where all life on earth seemed to descend.

scholarly journals Human movement patterns of farmers and forest workers from the Thailand-Myanmar border

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Sai Thein Than Tun ◽  
Myo Chit Min ◽  
Ricardo Aguas ◽  
Kimberly Fornace ◽  
Gay Nay Htoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Travel Patterns ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Daily Movement ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender

Background: Human travel patterns play an important role in infectious disease epidemiology and ecology. Movement into geographic spaces with high transmission can lead to increased risk of acquiring infections. Pathogens can also be distributed across the landscape via human travel. Most fine scale studies of human travel patterns have been done in urban settings in wealthy nations. Research into human travel patterns in rural areas of low- and middle-income nations are useful for understanding the human components of epidemiological systems for malaria or other diseases of the rural poor. The goal of this research was to assess the feasibility of using GPS loggers to empirically measure human travel patterns in this setting, as well as to quantify differing travel patterns by age, gender, and seasonality. Methods: In this pilot study we recruited 50 rural villagers from along the Myanmar-Thailand border to carry GPS loggers for the duration of a year. The GPS loggers were programmed to take a time-stamped reading every 30 minutes. We calculated daily movement ranges and multi-day trips by age and gender. We incorporated remote sensing data to assess patterns of days and nights spent in forested or farm areas, also by age and gender. Results: Our study showed that it is feasible to use GPS devices to measure travel patterns, though we had difficulty recruiting women and management of the project was relatively intensive. We found that older adults traveled farther distances than younger adults and adult males spent more nights in farms or forests. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that further work along these lines would be feasible in this region. Furthermore, the results from this study are useful for individual-based models of disease transmission and land use.

scholarly journals Swimming capability of target fish from eight hydropower stations in China relative to fishway design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotao Shi ◽  
Senfan Ke ◽  
Zhiying Tu ◽  
Yongmeng Wang ◽  
Junjun Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Important Target ◽  
Target Fish ◽  
Behaviour Study ◽  
Hydropower Stations

The four major Chinese carp (MC), Schizothorax fish species (SF), and Cobitidae fish species (CF) are the most important target fish species in China. The swimming behaviour study of three target fish groups is the key to Chinese fishway designs. The 20-min critical swimming speed (Ucrit-20 min) and endurance of the target fish species in relation to body length, swimming speed, and water temperature were estimated using multiple linear regression. The results indicated that both fish body length and water temperature had a significant effect on swimming capability. Performance comparisons indicated that SF were remarkably strong swimmer. CF possess slightly greater swimming capability than MC. The entrance velocity of the upstream fishway should be greater than U<u>crit-20 min</u>, but less than maximum swimming speed to make the flow out of the fishway noticeable. The maximum swimming distance could be estimated using endurance model at flow velocity of 1.2 m/s. For the downstream-migrating juvenile fish, it was suggested that the flow velocity of turbine intake should be less than maximum sustained speed avoiding entering turbine.

scholarly journals Characterising malaria connectivity using malaria indicator survey data

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Guerra ◽  
Daniel T. Citron ◽  
Guillermo A. García ◽  
David L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Travel Patterns ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Bioko Island ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Malaria Indicator Survey ◽  
Movement Data

AbstractMalaria connectivity describes the flow of parasites among transmission sources and sinks within a given landscape. Because of the spatial and temporal scales at which parasites are transported by their hosts, malaria sub-populations are largely defined by mosquito movement and malaria connectivity among them is largely driven by human movement. Characterising malaria connectivity thus requires characterising human travel between areas with differing levels of exposure to malaria. Whilst understanding malaria connectivity is fundamental for optimising interventions, particularly in areas seeking or sustaining elimination, there is a dearth of human movement data required to achieve this goal. Malaria indicator surveys (MIS) are a generally under utilised but potentially rich source of travel data that provide a unique opportunity to study simple associations between malaria infection and human travel in large population samples. This paper shares the experience working with MIS data from Bioko Island that revealed programmatically useful information regarding malaria importation through human travel. Simple additions to MIS questionnaires greatly augmented the level of detail of the travel data, which can be used to characterise human travel patterns and malaria connectivity to assist targeting interventions. It is argued that MIS potentially represent very important and timely sources of travel data that need to be further exploited.

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