Coastal Exploitation, Land Loss, and Hurricanes: A Recipe for Disaster

2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIANE E. AUSTIN
Keyword(s):  
Land Loss ◽  
Coastal Exploitation

Marginalization, Assimilation, and Resurgence: Indigenous People in Central America since Independence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Gabbert
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Central American ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Land Loss ◽  
Agricultural Export

While the end of colonial rule brought formal equality it did not end discrimination and marginalization of the indigenous population in independent Central America. Many suffered land loss and proletarianization in the emerging agricultural export economy. However, indigenous people were not mere victims of exploitation, displacement, and ladinization but played an often active role in Central American politics. Participation in the market economy and access to education fostered stratification within the indigenous population. The emergence of well-off and educated Indians and changes in international politics promoting multiculturalism contributed to the emergence of indigenous movements in recent decades. While some progress has been made concerning the recognition of cultural difference and autonomy, land rights are still a much disputed issue.

Land Loss with Compensation: What Are the Determinants of Income Among Households in Central Vietnam?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-55
Author(s):  
Nguyen Quang Phuc ◽  
A. C. M. (Guus) van Westen ◽  
Annelies Zoomers
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Skill Training ◽  
Land Loss ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
Compensation Packages ◽  
Household Members ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data

The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of household income following the loss of land owing to urban expansion in central Vietnam. Using data mainly from household surveys in the peri-urban areas of Hue city, the regression model indicates that demographic factors and livelihood strategy choices have important impacts on household income; financial compensation and support packages do not appear to be strong determinants of household income after the loss of land. This implies a failure of the current compensation programmes in the process of compulsory land acquisition, because the government believes that compensation packages make important contributions to livelihood reconstruction. This study suggests that investing in education and skill training for household members affected by land loss as well as assistance in converting compensation money into an adequate livelihood should be taken into consideration.

scholarly journals “Something Was Attacking Them and Their Reproductive Organs”: Environmental Reproductive Justice in an Indigenous Tribe in the United States Gulf Coast

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 666
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Liddell ◽  
Sarah G. Kington
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Reproductive Justice ◽  
Land Loss ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Oil Company

Environmental reproductive justice is increasingly being utilized as a framework for exploring how environmental exploitation and pollution contribute to reproductive health and reproductive injustices. However, little research explores how settler colonialism and historical oppression contribute to the physical transformation of land, and how this undermines tribal members’ health. Even less research explores the intersection of environmental justice and reproductive justice among Indigenous groups, especially in the Gulf South, who are especially vulnerable to environmental justice issues due to climate change, land loss, and oil company exploitation, and for tribes that are non-federally recognized. A qualitative description research methodology was used to conduct 31 life-history interviews with women from a Gulf Coast Indigenous tribe. Findings of this study reveal that central components of reproductive justice, including the ability to have children and the ability to raise children in safe and healthy environments, are undermined by environmental justice issues in the community. Among concerns raised by women were high rates of chronic healthcare issues among community members, and issues with infertility. Recognizing Indigenous sovereignty is central to addressing these environmental reproductive justice issues. This research is unique in exploring the topic of environmental reproductive justice among a state-recognized Gulf Coast tribe.

Resilience through Adaptation: Innovations in Maasai Livelihood Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-311
Author(s):  
Jacques Pollini ◽  
John G. Galaty
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Economic Stress ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Land Loss ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Livelihood Systems ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Adaptive Cycles

This article examines strategies adopted by Maasai and other pastoralists in Kenya to adapt to climate change, population growth, land loss, decreasing livestock holdings and land degradation, aimed at achieving greater socio-economic resilience. Using case studies mostly from Narok County and reviewing the increasingly rich literature on pastoralism and conservation in East Africa, we show that pastoralists employ three main strategies to adapt their livelihood systems: intensification (changes in land use systems to increase productivity per hectare); extensification (through territorial expansion into unoccupied areas or territories of neighbouring communities in our cases); and diversification (the combination of pastoralism with other livelihood strategies, mainly farming, conservation, tourism, business and wage jobs, often through migration to small towns or urban centres). Maasai communities have been quick to adopt these strategies, individually or in combination, in order to overcome ecological and socio-economic stress and to pursue opportunities as they arise. Since these strategies are generally compatible with extensive pastoralism, this land use will continue to play a key role in sustaining the livelihoods of people living in semi-arid and arid rangelands. However, when intensification and diversification through the adoption of ranching and farming occur, the rangeland becomes fragmented, with severe impacts on wildlife. In such cases, incentives for sustaining conservation and wildlife tourism will need to increase to compensate land holders for foregoing these more intensive land uses, thus moving towards reconciliation of ecological sustainability and strengthened livelihoods. These findings are illuminated by Gunderson and Holling's (2002) panarchy model and its nested adaptive cycles, where resilience is achieved by providing for change through loosening and reorganising connections between elements in the system.

scholarly journals Development of a statistical tool for the estimation of riverbank erosion probability

SOIL ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Varouchakis ◽  
G. V. Giannakis ◽  
M. A. Lilli ◽  
E. Ioannidou ◽  
N. P. Nikolaidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Statistical Methodology ◽  
Land Loss ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Physically Based Model ◽  
Stream Management ◽  
Tool Performance ◽  
Riverbank Erosion ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Local Habitat

Abstract. Riverbank erosion affects river morphology and local habitat, and results in riparian land loss, property and infrastructure damage, and ultimately flood defence weakening. An important issue concerning riverbank erosion is the identification of the vulnerable areas in order to predict river changes and assist stream management/restoration. An approach to predict areas vulnerable to erosion is to quantify the erosion probability by identifying the underlying relations between riverbank erosion and geomorphological or hydrological variables that prevent or stimulate erosion. In the present work, a statistical methodology is proposed to predict the probability of the presence or absence of erosion in a river section. A physically based model determines the locations vulnerable to erosion by quantifying the potential eroded area. The derived results are used to determine validation locations for the evaluation of the statistical tool performance. The statistical tool is based on a series of independent local variables and employs the logistic regression methodology. It is developed in two forms, logistic regression and locally weighted logistic regression, which both deliver useful and accurate results. The second form, though, provides the most accurate results as it validates the presence or absence of erosion at all validation locations. The proposed tool is easy to use and accurate and can be applied to any region and river.

scholarly journals GANTI RUGI KEPEMILIKAN HAK ATAS TANAH MASYARAKAT KABUPATEN SIDOARJO AKIBAT PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN OLEH PT. LAPINDO BRANTAS

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 556
Author(s):  
Nini Warsini
Keyword(s):  
Current Issue ◽  
Land Loss ◽  
Oil Drilling ◽  
Just Compensation ◽  
Responsibility Of Government ◽  
Environment Disaster

AbstrakThis article publishes a tight research regarding the current issue on muderuption that has happened in oil drilling area in Sidoarjo District, east java.The company that did business has influenced environment destruction andpeople suffered. The research itself is conducted by normative (library) legalresearch to propose about three problems. The author concerns are about itscompensation payment on defected lands and holV that payment be executedalso embarks regarding responsibility of government. This research becomesone of many legal researches done to offering more figure legal enlighteningthrough the case known as enormous environment disaster after priortsunami was happened in Indonesia. Analyze gives focus on land lawperspective about land loss and its just compensation.

scholarly journals Scale effects on land loss modeling in the Mississippi River Delta

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Nina S.-N. Lam ◽  
Heng Cai ◽  
Lei Zou ◽  
Kam-biu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Neighborhood Size ◽  
Mississippi River Delta ◽  
Land Loss ◽  
Loss Modeling

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In complex natural-human system modeling, often times a first step is to examine the relationships between a dependent variable and a number of independent variables at their locations. The neighborhood effect, also known as a scale effect, has seldom been considered in the analysis. Previous research has shown that scale effects affect the reliability of analysis results, and rigorous scientific studies should take an extra step to examine the scale effects for more accurate analysis and modeling. However, detecting the neighborhood effects of various variables and then incorporating them into a holistic modeling system posts a serious challenge because of the fundamental difference in properties between variables from the human component (e.g., census data) and variables from the natural component (e.g., landscape properties). Moreover, uncertainties involved in data, data scale, algorithms, and scale of analysis make the findings and the interpretations of the findings unreliable. A major issue of modeling neighborhood effects is the determination of appropriate neighborhood size, also known as the spatial context scale or the operational scale. It has been shown in the literature that neighborhood effects vary with the neighborhood size used to compute the effects. Thus, research on how to determine the neighborhood size that best captures the scale of operation of a phenomenon is very much needed so that we can have more confidence in the modeling results.</p><p>This study examines the use of variogram in detecting the appropriate neighborhood size of the variables involved in land loss modeling in the Mississippi River Delta. The goal is to find out the best combination of variables and their neighborhood sizes that best explain the variation of land loss patterns in the Deltaic region. The Mississippi River Delta has been suffering substantial land loss during the past several decades. Land loss has been a subject of intense research by many researchers from multiple disciplines, aiming at mitigating the land loss process and its potential damages. However, a majority of land loss projections were derived solely from the natural processes, such as sea level rise, regional subsidence, and reduced sediment flows. Very few studies have incorporated human-induced factors such as land fragmentation, urbanization, energy industrialization, and marine transportation. Even fewer have studied the scale effects. A study that captures and quantifies both natural and human factors as well as their neighborhood effects would help uncover the complex mechanism of land loss and provide a more accurate spatiotemporal projection of land loss patterns and probability.</p><p>The analysis procedures are as follows. (1) First, the study area is rasterized into 1-km by 1-km grids. (2) A set of natural and human variables related to land loss in the deltaic region are collected. (3) Variogram analysis of each variable is conducted to identify the spatial neighborhood size of each variable, and a neighborhood variable for each independent variable is created. (4) Elastic Net regression analysis is applied to test and select the significant variables that affect land loss. Regression results between the model with and the model without neighborhood variables are compared. Through this study, we should be able to derive a more accurate land loss model for detailed analysis and future projections.</p>

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