scholarly journals A new preparation method for neutron monitor using ink-jet printer

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
K. Takamiya ◽  
M. Takimoto ◽  
S. Shibata ◽  
R. Okumura ◽  
Y. Nakano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Monitor ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
New Method ◽  
Preparation Procedure ◽  
Paper Sheet ◽  
Neutron Distribution ◽  
Neutron Monitors ◽  
Ink Jet

AbstractA new method for preparing neutron monitors has been developed by using an ink-jet printer. A solution including gold, which is a monitor element for neutrons, is sprayed out uniformly onto a paper sheet in this method. Uniformity of the prepared monitor was found to be within a range of a few percent. The preparation procedure is simple and uses commercially available equipment without need for special modifications. Neutron distribution can be measured using a neutron monitor prepared by the method reported here.

A new method for producing uniform droplets by continuous-ink-jet technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 085008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongju Wang ◽  
Jian Lin ◽  
Xingye Guo ◽  
Yongping Lei ◽  
Hanguang Fu
Keyword(s):  
New Method ◽  
Ink Jet ◽  
Uniform Droplets

scholarly journals New Method of Assessment of the Integral Fluence of Solar Energetic (> 1 GV Rigidity) Particles from Neutron Monitor Data

Solar Physics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 294 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Koldobskiy ◽  
Gennady A. Kovaltsov ◽  
Alexander L. Mishev ◽  
Ilya G. Usoskin
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Monitor ◽  
New Method ◽  
Neutron Monitor Data ◽  
Method Of Assessment ◽  
Monitor Data

The relation between latitude and solar-cycle variations in the neutron-monitor mass-absorption coefficient

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S1087-S1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam A. Forman
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Neutron Monitor ◽  
Mass Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Cutoff Rigidity ◽  
Neutron Monitors ◽  
Solar Cycle Variation ◽  
Mass Absorption ◽  
Pressure Altitude

The differential mass-absorption coefficient for rigidities between 2 and 15 GeV/c for IGY-type neutron monitors at sea level and at 500 mm Hg pressure altitude has been calculated from the variation of the neutron-monitor intensity and mass-absorption coefficient with cutoff rigidity. Combined with six sea-level surveys of neutron-monitor intensity between 1954 and 1962, and assuming no time variation in the neutron-monitor mass-absorption coefficient above 15 GeV/c cutoff, the calculated differential mass-absorption coefficient implies a solar-cycle variation of about 0.04%/mm Hg at 2 GeV/c cutoff rigidity at sea level.

THE EFFECTIVE DIRECTIONAL SENSITIVITY OF COSMIC-RAY NEUTRON MONITORS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 668-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Lapointe ◽  
D. C. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Neutron Monitor ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
The Other ◽  
Directional Sensitivity ◽  
Master Curves ◽  
Neutron Monitors ◽  
Atmospheric Absorption ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Set Of Points

The direction of maximum sensitivity of a neutron monitor is calculated numerically for a set of points on the same geomagnetic meridian but extending in latitude from the equator to the pole. This leads to two master curves, one for the longitude, the other for the latitude of this direction. From these curves this direction is obtained in geographic co-ordinates for some 20 cosmic-ray stations. The method of calculation is described taking into account atmospheric absorption and the energy spectrum of the incident particles. The aperture of the sensitive cone, or source width, is also calculated. Finally the accuracy of the results is discussed and the application of the concept of effective direction is described.

The long-term variation of the cosmic radiation

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S903-S906 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Lockwood ◽  
W. R. Webber
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Monitor ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Neutron Monitors ◽  
Cosmic Ray Intensity ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Term Variation ◽  
Primary Cosmic Radiation

The variation in the cosmic-ray intensity recorded by neutron monitors from 1958 to 1965 has been investigated to deduce the form of the solar modulation of the cosmic radiation. The observed changes in the intensity at the neutron monitor stations, averaged over quarter-year periods, were compared with changes calculated using modulation functions depending upon energy, rigidity, and velocity × rigidity. These calculations were based upon the revised differential response functions deduced by Lockwood and Webber (1967). The variance between the observed and calculated changes in the neutron monitor intensities at different stations was minimized to determine the best form of the solar modulation function. We find that the change of the primary cosmic radiation, deduced from the change in the neutron monitor intensity as well as from direct measurements of the primary flux, can be described by a modulation of the form exp(–K/P) in the rigidity range 0.5 < P < 50 GV. The change between 1959 and 1965 can be fitted with K = 1.94 ± 0.09 and between 1963 and 1965 with K = 0.36 ± 0.05.

Quantitative XRF Determinations of Additive Elements in Greases for Manufacturing Specifications

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 155-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Sieber
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Preparation Procedure ◽  
Particle Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Single Method ◽  
Analytical Program

AbstractAdditive elements are now included in manufacturing specifications for greases. Texaco uses X-ray fluorescence at lubricants manufacturing locations; however, analyses of greases in the neat form are difficult due to problems with uniform and repeatable filling of sample cups and outgassing of greases during measurements. This preparation procedure allows quantitative determinations of additive elements in a variety of greases using a single analytical program. Having a single method for all greases is important at busy manufacturing locations.The preparation method involves dilution of samples in a binder powder. This approach eliminates outgassing and overcomes differences among greases such as type of soap, presence of MoS2 and graphite, and varying oil content. The powder absorbs oil and creates a uniform particle structure. Thorough mixing and careful cup packing yield repeatable measurements. The method allows the use of liquid oil standards for calibration, eliminating the need to obtain analyzed greases. Accurate calibrations have been created for both wavelength-dispersive and energy-dispersive spectrometers.

Manual Squeezing as an Alternative to Mechanical Stomaching in Preparing Beef Carcass Sponge Samples for Microbiological Analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 428-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN C. INGHAM ◽  
RYAN J. ALGINO ◽  
BARBARA H. INGHAM ◽  
JOHN R. RUBY
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Preparation Procedure ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Sample Preparation Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mesophilic Bacteria ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Sample Preparation Procedure ◽  
Beef Carcass

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) requires beef abattoir operators to periodically analyze beef carcass sponge samples for levels of Escherichia coli. Additional beef carcass sponge sampling is commonly used by processors to evaluate the efficacy of beef abattoir antimicrobial intervention systems. The USDA sample preparation procedure requires that beef carcass sponge samples be mechanically stomached for 2 min before the sample fluid is squeezed out for analysis. When a large number of sponge samples must be analyzed, the stomaching step can limit throughput. In this study, we compared the USDA sample preparation procedure with repeatedly squeezing the sponge during a 10-s interval to expel the sample fluid. Separate sponge samples were obtained from each half of 100 chilled postintervention beef carcasses from a large-volume abattoir during a 4-month period. The USDA and squeezing treatments were randomly assigned to the halves of each carcass. All sponge samples were analyzed for E. coli, coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae, and aerobic mesophilic bacteria using Petrifilm methods. The sample preparation method had no significant effect (signed rank value &gt; 0.05) on the results of any analytical test, although aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts tended to be higher after the USDA method than after manual squeezing alone. These results suggest that manual squeezing may be a simple and rapid alternative sample preparation method when gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli, coliforms, or Enterobacteriaceae are being enumerated from beef carcass sponge samples used to monitor operational abattoir hygiene.

A New Method to Assess the Jetting Behavior of Drop-on-Demand Ink Jet Fluids

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 010501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungjune Jung ◽  
Stephen D. Hoath ◽  
Graham D. Martin ◽  
Ian M. Hutchings
Keyword(s):  
New Method ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Drop On Demand ◽  
Ink Jet
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