I nvited R eview : Management Strategies for Intensive, Sustainable Cow-Calf Production Systems in the Southeastern United States: Bermudagrass pastures overseeded with cool-season annual grasses and legumes 1 1This review article is based on a presentation by the authors in the symposium “Management Strategies for Intensive, Sustainable Cow-Calf Production Systems in the Southeastern United States” at the meeting of the American Society of Animal Science Southern Section, February 9, 2016, San Antonio, Texas.

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M. Rouquette
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
American Society

Geographic Information System for Pigweed Distribution in the US Southeast

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginald S. Fletcher ◽  
Krishna N. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
County Level ◽  
Support Tool

AbstractIn the southeastern United States, Amaranthus, or pigweed species, have become troublesome weeds in agricultural systems. To implement management strategies for the control of these species, agriculturalists need information on areas affected by pigweeds. Geographic information systems (GIS) afford users the ability to evaluate agricultural issues at local, county, state, national, and global levels. Also, they allow users to combine different layers of geographic information to help them develop strategic plans to solve problems. Furthermore, there is a growing interest in testing free and open-source GIS software for weed surveys. In this study, the free and open-source software QGIS was used to develop a geographic information database showing the distribution of pigweeds at the county level in the southeastern United States. The maps focused on the following pigweeds: Palmer amaranth, redroot pigweed, and tall waterhemp. Cultivated areas and glyphosate-resistant (GR) pigweed data were added to the GIS database. Database queries were used to demonstrate applications of the GIS for precision agriculture applications at the county level, such as tallying the number of counties affected by the pigweeds, identifying counties reporting GR pigweed, and identifying cultivated areas located in counties with GR pigweeds. This research demonstrated that free and open-source software such as QGIS has strong potential as a decision support tool, with implications for precision weed management at the county scale.

scholarly journals Climatology and Environmental Characteristics of Extreme Precipitation Events in the Southeastern United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 718-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Moore ◽  
Kelly M. Mahoney ◽  
Ellen M. Sukovich ◽  
Robert Cifelli ◽  
Thomas M. Hamill
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract This paper documents the characteristics of extreme precipitation events (EPEs) in the southeastern United States (SEUS) during 2002–11. The EPEs are identified by applying an object-based method to 24-h precipitation analyses from the NCEP stage-IV dataset. It is found that EPEs affected the SEUS in all months and occurred most frequently in the western portion of the SEUS during the cool season and in the eastern portion during the warm season. The EPEs associated with tropical cyclones, although less common, tended to be larger in size, more intense, and longer lived than “nontropical” EPEs. Nontropical EPEs in the warm season, relative to those in the cool season, tended to be smaller in size and typically involved more moist, conditionally unstable conditions but weaker dynamical influences. Synoptic-scale composites are constructed for nontropical EPEs stratified by the magnitude of vertically integrated water vapor transport (IVT) to examine distinct scenarios for the occurrence of EPEs. The composite results indicate that “strong IVT” EPEs occur within high-amplitude flow patterns involving strong transport of moist, conditionally unstable air within the warm sector of a cyclone, whereas “weak IVT” EPEs occur within low-amplitude flow patterns featuring weak transport but very moist and conditionally unstable conditions. Finally, verification of deterministic precipitation forecasts from a reforecast dataset based on the NCEP Global Ensemble Forecast System reveals that weak-IVT EPEs were characteristically associated with lower forecast skill than strong-IVT EPEs. Based on these results, it is suggested that further research should be conducted to investigate the forecast challenges associated with EPEs in the SEUS.

scholarly journals The risk for insufficient chill accumulation: a climate change perspective for apple and cherry production in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Noorazar ◽  
Lee Kalcsits ◽  
Vincent P. Jones ◽  
Matthew S. Jones ◽  
Kirti Rajagopalan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Spring Phenology ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Production Risks

AbstractWinter chill accumulation is critical for the productivity and profitability of perennial tree fruit production systems. Several studies have quantified the impacts of global warming on risks of insufficient chill accumulation in the warmer tree fruit and nut production regions of the United States (US), such as the Southeast and California, where these risks are currently prevalent. In this work, we focus on the Pacific Northwest US – the largest production area in the US for apples, pears and cherries – and quantify the potential risk of insufficient chill accumulation. Our results highlight large spatial variations in response within the PNW, with northern areas projected to have reduced risks and southern areas projected to have increased risks. In the southern areas, rather than chill accumulation in and of itself, it is the combination of reduced and delayed chill accumulation with likely advancement in spring phenology that lead to production risks. In spite of future reductions to chill accumulation, risks of insufficient chill accumulation seem limited for apple even with advancement of spring phenology. Under the extreme “no climate policy” RCP 8.5 climate projections, the production risks are significant for early blooming crops (e.g. cherries) and varieties with relatively high chill portions requirements (e.g. Sam cherries), necessitating planning for management strategies such as frost protection and chemical management of budbreak to address potential risks which have not historically been a concern in the region. Under less extreme warming outcomes, the PNW tree fruit production systems are likely to remain resilient. Given that the convergence of the fulfillment of chilling requirements and environmental conditions promoting budbreak is where potential risk to perennial tree fruit production exists, future work should focus on understanding, modelling and projecting responses within this convergence space. Additionally, given significant spatial differences across a relatively small geographic range, it is also critical to understand and model these dynamics at a local landscape resolution for regions such as the PNW that faced limited risk historically, but could be exposed to new risks under a warming climate.

scholarly journals Performance of North American Strawberry Cultivars under Conditions Mimicking California Production Systems

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 1034-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Rariden ◽  
Douglas V. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Growth Attributes ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

Runner plants from 16 strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) cultivars were grown using annual Mediterranean production systems to test for differences in productivity, performance traits, and vegetative growth attributes. Genotypes were included from germplasm adapted to four geographic regions: California and northwestern, northeastern, and mid-Atlantic or southeastern United States. The California genotypes were divided further into day-neutral and June-bearing categories. With these treatments, California cultivars had significantly larger plants and grew more rapidly during the fall and winter, had larger fruit, and produced at least twice the quantity of fruit of cultivars from the other regions. Variance components due to region explained 64% and 26% of the phenotypic variance for early and total yield, respectively, whereas differences among cultivars within regions explained 12% and 7% of the variance for these traits. Cultivars from all regions had significantly larger plants and were more productive when treated with 3 weeks of artificial vernalization. However, region × vernalization effects were nonsignificant for all traits, a result suggesting that selection in Mediterranean environments has not adapted germplasm specifically for low vernalization conditions.

scholarly journals Stakeholders Reach Consensus in Troubled Waters

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Rugel
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
United States ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Freshwater Biodiversity ◽  
Transboundary Waters ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Basin Water

Surface water and groundwater catchments rarely align with the boundaries of cities, states, or nations. More often, water runs through, over, and under man-made sociopolitical divisions, making the governance of transboundary waters a formidable task. Although much of the public conversation regarding the availability and management of shared waters may appear to be dire (e.g., reports of “water wars”), there are transboundary basin water management strategies across the globe which offer hope. These include the efforts of the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint Stakeholders (ACFS) in the southeastern United States, which may serve as a useful template for future conversations around the water sharing table. The Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint Basin (ACF Basin) is a vital economic engine in the southeastern United States. The waters of the ACF are shared between three states—Alabama, Florida, and Georgia—and harbor some of the richest freshwater biodiversity in North America, including sturgeon, rock bass, madtom, sculpin, bass, darters, and the highest densities of freshwater mussels in the world. Many of these are species of concern or threatened or endangered species; therefore, water management strategies in multiple portions of the ACF must comply with habitat protection plans under the U.S. Environmental Protection Act of 1970 (https://www.enr.gov.nt.ca/en/environmental-protection-act). The ACFS was organized in 2009 in the hopes of overcoming a decades-long stalemate between Alabama, Florida, and Georgia, regarding the use of shared waters in the ACF Basin. Despite years of litigious relationships among these three states, the ACFS managed to bring a diverse and previously contentious set of water users to the table and build consensus on a shared water management plan for the entire ACF Basin. While the ACFS holds no regulatory power, they made more progress in breaking through existing distrust and deadlock than any previous efforts in this basin to date. In the end, they developed cooperation, respect, and a sustainable and adaptive water management plan which included input and buy-in from all identified water sectors in the ACF Basin. It is, therefore, a valuable exercise to examine the ACFS model and contemplate whether it contains exportable methodologies for other catchments challenged with managing transboundary waters.

Cultivation and Reduced-Rate Herbicides Weed Control in Sugarbeet Grown for Biofuel

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 726-732
Author(s):  
W. Carroll Johnson ◽  
Theodore M. Webster ◽  
Timothy L. Grey ◽  
Xuelin Luo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Limited Role ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Sugarbeet Yields

AbstractSugarbeet, grown for biofuel, is being considered as an alternate cool-season crop in the southeastern United States. Previous research identified ethofumesate PRE and phenmedipham + desmedipham POST as herbicides that controlled troublesome cool-season weeds in the region, specifically cutleaf evening-primrose. Research trials were conducted from 2014 through 2016 to evaluate an integrated system of sweep cultivation and reduced rates of ethofumesate PRE and/or phenmedipham+desmedipham POST for weed control in sugarbeet grown for biofuel. There were no interactions between the main effects of cultivation and herbicides for control of cutleaf evening-primrose and other cool-season species in two out of three years. Cultivation improved control of cool-season weeds, but the effect was largely independent of control provided by herbicides. Of the herbicide combinations evaluated, the best overall cool-season weed control was from systems that included either a 1/2X or 1X rate of phenmedipham+desmedipham POST. Either rate of ethofumesate PRE was less effective than phenmedipham+desmedipham POST. Despite improved cool-season weed control, sugarbeet yield was not affected by cultivation each year of the study. Sugarbeet yields were greater when treated with any herbicide combination that included either a 1/2X or 1X rate of phenmedipham+desmedipham POST compared with either rate of ethofumesate PRE alone or the nontreated control. These results indicate that cultivation has a very limited role in sugarbeet grown for biofuel. The premise of effective weed control based on an integration of cultivation and reduced herbicide rates does not appear to be viable for sugarbeet grown for biofuel.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Separation of Enhanced ZDR and KDP Regions in Nonsupercell Tornadic Storms

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1143-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D. Loeffler ◽  
Matthew R. Kumjian
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Dual Polarization ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
The Public ◽  
Size Sorting ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tornadic Storms ◽  
Differential Reflectivity

Abstract Tornadoes associated with nonsupercell storms present unique challenges for forecasters. These tornadic storms, although often not as violent or deadly as supercells, occur disproportionately during the overnight hours and the cool season—times when the public is more vulnerable. Additionally, there is significantly lower warning skill for these nonsupercell tornadoes compared to supercell tornadoes. This study utilizes dual-polarization Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) data to analyze nonsupercell tornadic storms over a three-and-a-half-year period focused on the mid-Atlantic and southeastern United States. A signature found in a large number of cases is the separation of low-level specific differential phase KDP and differential reflectivity ZDR enhancement regions, thought to arise owing to size sorting. This study employs a new method to define the “separation vector,” which comprises the distance separating the enhancement regions and the direction from the KDP enhancement region to the ZDR enhancement region, measured relative to storm motion. While there is some variation between cases, preliminary results show that the distribution of separation distance between the enhancement regions is centered around 3–4 km and tends to maximize around the time of tornadogenesis. A preferred quadrant for separation direction is found between parallel and 90° to the right of storm motion and is most orthogonal near the time of tornadogenesis. Further, it is shown that, for a given separation distance, separation direction increasing from 0° toward 90° is associated with increased storm-relative helicity.

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