scholarly journals In vitro effects of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) pasture on ruminal fermentation, microbial population, and methane production

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Christensen ◽  
J.-S. Eun ◽  
S.Y. Yang ◽  
B.R. Min ◽  
J.W. MacAdam
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
In Vitro Effects

CASE STUDY: In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics of Birdsfoot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) Hay in Continuous Cultures1

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 570-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Williams ◽  
J.-S. Eun ◽  
C.M. Dschaak ◽  
J.W. MacAdam ◽  
B.R. Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Concentrations of Total Polyphenols from Paulownia Hybrid Leaves on Ruminal Fermentation, Methane Production and Microorganisms

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2843
Author(s):  
Julia Puchalska ◽  
Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel ◽  
Amlan Kumar Patra ◽  
Sylwester Ślusarczyk ◽  
Min Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Methanogen Population ◽  
Hydrogen Availability

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different concentrations of polyphenols of Paulownia Clon In Vitro 112® leaves or their particular parts on in vitro ruminal fermentation, methane production and microbial population. Paulownia leaves with high (PLH; 31.35 mg/g dry matter (DM)), medium (PLM; 26.94 mg/g DM), and low level of polyphenols (PLL; 11.90 mg/g DM) were used from three plantation areas. Lamina (PLLA; 33.63 mg/g DM) and twigs (PLT; 2.53 mg/g DM) of leaves were also collected from the PLM plantation. The chemical analyses of Paulownia leaves indicated that the content of the most basic nutrients (e.g., crude protein concentration of 185 g/kg of DM) were similar to dehydrated alfalfa. The in vitro results showed that the use of Paulownia leaves with the highest content of total polyphenols (PLH and PLLA) decreased methane production, methanogens numbers, and acetate to propionate ratio. In PLT, lowered methane production was followed by reduced substrate degradability and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration along with higher acetate to propionate ratio. Therefore, reduction of methane production in PLH and PLLA was attributed to the lowered methanogen population, whereas in PLT it was caused by decreased substrate degradability with the resultant of limited hydrogen availability to the methanogens.

scholarly journals Effects of inactivated and live cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on in vitro ruminal fermentation of diets with different forage:concentrate ratio

2011 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. OPSI ◽  
R. FORTINA ◽  
S. TASSONE ◽  
R. BODAS ◽  
S. LÓPEZ
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
High Fibre Diet ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
High Fibre

SUMMARYThe effects of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, either inactivated (by osmotic pressure, designated IY) or provided as a culture containing live yeast cells (YC), on ruminal fermentation of two different diets were investigated in vitro. Total mixed rations (TMR) having forage:concentrate ratios of 0·6:0·4 (medium–high forage diet) and 0·2:0·8 (low-forage diet) were incubated in batch cultures of mixed ruminal micro-organisms to which either IY (to reach concentrations of 500 and 250 mg product/l incubation medium) or YC (at a concentration of 150 mg product/l) were added directly as powder. To evaluate the effects of the additive on ruminal microbial population, sheep used as donors of rumen fluid were allocated to three experimental groups: Control (no additive), IY and YC, that received a diet with the corresponding additive for 10 days. With both diets, YC decreased ruminal pH compared to control, whereas IY had no effect. Adding yeast products to the high-fibre diet affected total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and VFA composition, in general with a slight increase in IY and a significantly greater increase in response to the addition of YC. Ammonia nitrogen (P=0·006), total gas production (P<0·001) and in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVD) (P<0·001) showed the highest values with YC. Methane production was higher than the control when the IY inoculum was used, and increased even more with the YC inoculum (P<0·001). With the high-concentrate TMR, no effects on total VFA concentration were observed when yeast additives were used. Similar trends were shown for lactate and methane production and total gas production, where values tended to be higher when using the YC inoculum (P values of 0·055, <0·001, 0·006 and <0·001, respectively). After 144 h of incubation, differences were observed only with the high-fibre diet in the cumulative gas production at 24 h of incubation and in the average fermentation rate, which was greater with YC, although the asymptotic gas production was not affected. These results indicate that live yeasts affect ruminal fermentation slightly more than inactivated yeasts, although both products require a regular administration and some adaptation of the ruminal microbial population for the stimulatory effects to become apparent. The effects of yeasts on ruminal fermentation are diet-dependent, being more noticeable with a high-fibre substrate, and subtle with a high-concentrate diet.

scholarly journals Rumen antimethanogenic effect ofSaponaria officinalisL. phytochemicalsin vitro

2014 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 981-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. CIESLAK ◽  
P. ZMORA ◽  
A. STOCHMAL ◽  
L. PECIO ◽  
W. OLESZEK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponin ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms

SUMMARYAlthough the effect of saponins or saponin-containing plants on rumen microorganisms and rumen fermentation has been intensively investigated, this issue still requires special attention. Many of the phenomena occurring in the rumen related to dietary saponin supplementation are still not fully understood.Saponaria officinalisis a triterpenoid saponin-containing plant; thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect ofS. officinalisL. powdered root, methanolic extract of theS. officinalisroot (SOR) and the effect of the separated fractions (polysaccharides, saponins and phenolics) ofS. officinalison rumen methanogenesis, microbial population and rumen fermentation characteristics in anin vitrobatch culture fermentation system. The powdered root (raw plant material) andS. officinalisextract (SOE) decreasedin vitromethane production and consequently reduced the microbial population in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of methanogenesis was accompanied by changes in the volatile fatty acids profile.In vitrodry matter digestibility was not affected by any of the secondary compounds applied. The highest applied doses of SOE caused a higher reduction in methanogenesis (33·5v. 14·4%) than the highest doses of powdered root form. Such results suggest that the basic components of the SOR could interact with phytochemicals or that the phytochemicals became physically less available for microbiota, resulting in a decreased antimethanogenic activity of the powdered rootv. the extract. Among all the fractions selected, the saponin fraction exerted the greatest impact on ruminal fermentation. In conclusion, saponins decreased methane production by 29% in comparison with the control. This decrease was related to the reduction in protozoa and methanogen counts. It is proposed thatS. officinalishas the potential to inhibit rumen methanogenesis without affecting rumen fermentation adversely.

scholarly journals Chemical and phytochemical composition, in vitro ruminal fermentation, methane production, and nutrient degradability of fresh and ensiled Paulownia hybrid leaves

2021 ◽  
pp. 115038
Author(s):  
Haihao Huang ◽  
Malgorzata Szumacher-Strabel ◽  
Amlan Kumar Patra ◽  
Sylwester Ślusarczyk ◽  
Dorota Lechniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Phytochemical Composition

PSXIII-2 Effect of varying proportions of cereal rye and turnip on ruminal fermentation and methane output through in vitro batch culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 461-461
Author(s):  
Jordan L Cox-O’Neill ◽  
Vivek Fellner ◽  
Alan J Franluebbers ◽  
Deidre D Harmon ◽  
Matt H Poore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Cool Season Grass

Abstract Ruminant animal performance has been variable in studies grazing annual cool-season grass and brassica monocultures and mixtures. There is little understanding of the fermentation mechanisms causing variation. The aim of this study was to determine apparent dry matter (DM) digestibility, methane, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration from different proportions of cereal rye (Secale cereal; R) and turnip (Brassica rapa L.; T) (0R:100T, 40R:60T, 60R:40T, and 100R:0T) via in vitro batch fermentation. Freeze-dried forage samples from an integrated crop-livestock study was assembled into the four treatments with a 50:50 leaf to root ratio for turnip. Measurements were made following a 48 hr fermentation with 2:1 buffer and ruminal fluid inoculum. Data were analyzed using Mixed Procedure of SAS with batch (replicate) and treatment (main effect) in the model; differences were declared at P ≤ 0.05, with tendencies declared at &gt; 0.05 but &lt; 0.10. Rumen apparent DM digestibility (26.8%; overall mean) was not different among treatments. Methane production was less (P &lt; 0.01) with inclusion of turnip ranging from 774 nmol/ml for 0R:100T to 1416 nmol/ml for 100R:0T. Total VFA production, acetate to propionate ratio, acetate, and valerate were not affected by forage treatments (117 mM, 1.45, 39.84 mol/100 mol, and 7.86 mol/100 mol, respectively; overall mean). Propionate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate concentrations were greater and butyrate concentration less with greater (P &lt; 0.01) proportions of rye in the mixture. No effect of R:T ratio on digestibility or total VFA production along with the observed differences in individual VFA concentration do not explain variable response in grazing animals. Additionally, methane production results indicate that grazing turnips could potentially reduce methane production and thus reduce ruminant livestock’s contribution to greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals Pomegranate seed oil rich in conjugated linolenic acids reduces in vitro methane production

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-335
Author(s):  
E. Maleki ◽  
G.Y. Meng ◽  
M. Faseleh Jahromi ◽  
R. Jorfi ◽  
A. Khoddami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ch4 Production

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed oil (PSO) on gas and methane (CH4) production, ruminal fermentation and microbial populations under in vitro conditions. Three treatments consisting of a control diet containing 10 mg tallow (CON); the control diet with 5 mg PSO + 5 mg tallow (MPSO) and the control diet containing 10 mg PSO (HPSO) were compared. Ten mg of the experimental fat/oil samples were inserted into a gas-tight 100 mL plastic syringe containing 30 mL of an incubation inoculum and 250 mg of a basic substrate of a hay/concentrate (1/1, w/w) mixture. In vitro gas production was recorded over 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h of incubation. After 24 hours, incubation was stopped, and methane production, pH, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and microbial counts were measured in the inoculant. Gas production at 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h incubation, metabolizable energy and in vitro organic matter disappearance increased linearly and quadratically as level of PSO increased. Furthermore, the 10 mg PSO (HPSO) decreased CH4 production by 21.0% compared with the control (CON) group. There were no significant differences in total and individual VFA concentrations between different levels of PSO, except for butyric acid. After 24 h of incubation, methanogenesis decreased in the HPSO compared with the MPSO and CON treatments. In addition, total bacteria and protozoa counts increased with rising PSO levels, while population methanogenesis declined significantly. These results suggested that PSO could reduce methane emissions, which might be beneficial to nutrient utilization and growth in ruminants.

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