scholarly journals Therapeutic effects of Salvadora persica (Miswak) on patients with mild to moderate gingivitis.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Kawa Dizaye ◽  
Zainab Othman
Keyword(s):  
Plaque Index ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Salvadora Persica ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Background and Objectives: Miswak is the public name of Salvadora persica, which is beneficial for dental treatments and can thus be used to treat gingivitis. This study compares the therapeutic effects of miswak (S. persica), toothbrush, S. persica mouthwash, and chlorhexidine mouthwash on patients with mild to moderate gingivitis by estimating gingival index and (debris) plaque index. Patients and Methods: The study is a selective sampling, cross-sectional, clinical comparative study of 50 systemically healthy patients in Erbil city. The patients were divided randomly into five groups, with each group having 10 patients. Group 1 used S. persica chewing stick only; group 2 used toothbrush only; group 3 used both S. persica and toothbrush, group 4 used S. persica mouthwash and toothbrush; while group 5 used chlorhexidine mouthwash and tooth-brush. The patients’ mouths were examined, recording clinical indices before and after four weeks from the administration of treatments. Results: There is significant improvement observed between groups 3 and 1 and groups 3 and 2 regarding gingival index. Moreover, there is significant improvement in debris (plaque) index between groups 2 and 3 and groups 2 and 1. Conclusion: The gingival index indicates that using S. persica and toothbrush together is better than using S. persica or toothbrush alone. Meanwhile, the debris index shows that using S. persica alone or using it with toothbrush is more effective than using toothbrush alone. Keywords: Salvadora persica, gingivitis, gingival index, debris index.

scholarly journals Assessment of Micronuclei Frequency in Individuals with a Habit of Tobacco Chewing by Means of Exfoliated Oral Buccal Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. OR15-OR18
Author(s):  
Swati Parhar ◽  
Amani Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Exfoliated Cells ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Tobacco Chewing

INTRODUCTION: Majority of cancers are diagnosed at an advanced stage resulting in poor prognosis and survival rates among patients. Hence early diagnosis of oral cancers seems to be the need of the hour. Analysis of exfoliated buccal cell micronuclei (MN) is a sensitive method of monitoring genetic damage. AIM: The present study has been carried out with an objective to evaluate the genotoxic effects of tobacco chewing by means of micronucleus assay in exfoliated cells of buccal mucosa.MATERIALS AND METHOD: This cross sectional study was carried out in Department of Oral Pathology, Swami Devi Dyal Hospital And Dental College, Golpura, Barwala, Panchkula. The study population comprised of a total of 50 subjects, divided into five groups: Group 1comprising of 10 age and sex matched healthy subjects without any habits as controls, Group 2 comprising of 10 subjects with a history of chewing tobacco. Group 3 comprising of 10 subjects with a history of chewing tobacco and cigarette smoking, Group 4 comprising of 10 subjects with a history of chewing tobacco and drinking and Group 5 comprising of 10 subjects with a history of chewing tobacco, smoking and drinking. Oral exfoliated cells were obtained from buccal mucosa of the subjects, slides were prepared from each subject stained with stain respectively.RESULTS: The mean numbers of micronuclei in group 1 were 7.86±6.7, Group 2 were 63.37±10.01, Group 3 were 65.49±12.32, Group 4 were 68.22±11.11 and Group 5 were 69.43±10.71. On comparison we observed that the difference in Mean micronuclei frequency among all the 5 study groups came to be statistically also highly significant (p<0.0001*)CONCLUSION: Micronuclei assay is an effective tool that reflects severity of disease. Even though tobacco induced cancers are preventable, banning the use of tobacco has not been possible for social and political reasons.

The effect of melatonin on acetylsalicylic acid-induced kidney and testis damage

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Altintas ◽  
A Polat ◽  
H Parlakpinar ◽  
N Vardi ◽  
A Beytur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Melatonin Administration ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
First Time

The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of high-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on kidney and testis, and the potential protective and therapeutic effects of melatonin on ASA-related pathology. A total of 40 rats were randomly divided into the following 5 groups ( n = 8): group 1: control, not given any drug; group 2: only 200 mg/kg ASA was given; group 3: 5 mg/kg melatonin was given 45 min before administering 200 mg/kg ASA; group 4: 5 mg/kg melatonin was given 45 min after administering 200 mg/kg ASA; and group 5: only 5 mg/kg melatonin was given. The histopathological changes and the biochemical findings; such as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), reduced glutathione (GSH), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) as well as serum creatinine (Cr) levels were evaluated. ASA significantly increased MDA levels in both kidney and testis, whereas it significantly decreased the values of SOD, CAT, GPX, and GSH in kidney and CAT levels in testis. Melatonin significantly decreased MDA levels in kidney and ameliorated it in testis, whereas it caused elevation in the levels of antioxidants. BUN and Cr levels were higher after ASA, whereas these levels were diminished after melatonin administration. The improvement obtained by melatonin on ASA-induced histological alterations was more prominent when it was used after ASA in kidney and before ASA in testis. In this study, we demonstrated the beneficial effect of melatonin on high-dose ASA-related pathology of kidney and testis for the first time.

Morphological Changes in the Rat Granulosa Cell Surface During Differentiation Induced by Estradiol and Gonadotropins

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
P. Bagavandoss ◽  
JoAnne S. Richards ◽  
A. Rees Midgley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

During follicular development in the mammalian ovary, several functional changes occur in the granulosa cells in response to steroid hormones and gonadotropins (1,2). In particular, marked changes in the content of membrane-associated receptors for the gonadotropins have been observed (1).We report here scanning electron microscope observations of morphological changes that occur on the granulosa cell surface in response to the administration of estradiol, human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).Immature female rats that were hypophysectcmized on day 24 of age were treated in the following manner. Group 1: control groups were injected once a day with 0.1 ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 3 days; group 2: estradiol (1.5 mg/0.2 ml propylene glycol) once a day for 3 days; group 3: estradiol for 3 days followed by 2 days of hFSH (1 μg/0.1 ml) twice daily, group 4: same as in group 3; group 5: same as in group 3 with a final injection of hCG (5 IU/0.1 ml) on the fifth day.

Does Perioperative Hemoglobin A1c Level Affect the Incidence, Pattern and Mortality of Lower Extremity Amputation?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-364
Author(s):  
Hassan Al-Thani ◽  
Moamena El-Matbouly ◽  
Maryam Al-Sulaiti ◽  
Noora Al-Thani ◽  
Mohammad Asim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Lower Extremity Amputation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Extremity Amputation ◽  
Group 1

Background: We hypothesized that perioperative HbA1c influenced the pattern and outcomes of Lower Extremity Amputation (LEA). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted for all patients who underwent LEA between 2000 and 2013. Patients were categorized into 5 groups according to their perioperative HbA1c values [Group 1 (<6.5%), Group 2 (6.5-7.4%), Group 3 (7.5-8.4%), Group 4 (8.5-9.4%) and Group 5 (≥9.5%)]. We identified 848 patients with LEA; perioperative HbA1c levels were available in 547 cases (Group 1: 18.8%, Group 2: 17.7%, Group 3: 15.0%, Group 4: 13.5% and Group 5: 34.9%). Major amputation was performed in 35%, 32%, 22%, 10.8% and 13.6%, respectively. Results: The overall mortality was 36.5%; of that one quarter occurred during the index hospitalization. Mortality was higher in Group 1 (57.4%) compared with Groups 2-5 (46.9%, 38.3%, 36.1% and 31.2%, respectively, p=0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that poor glycemic control (Group 4 and 5) had lower risk of mortality post-LEA [hazard ratio 0.57 (95% CI 0.35-0.93) and hazard ratio 0.46 (95% CI 0.31-0.69)]; this mortality risk persisted even after adjustment for age and sex but was statistically insignificant. The rate of LEA was greater among poor glycemic control patients; however, the mortality was higher among patients with tight control. Conclusion: The effects of HbA1c on the immediate and long-term LEA outcomes and its therapeutic implications need further investigation.

scholarly journals Association between serum oestradiol level on the hCG administration day and neonatal birthweight after IVF-ET among 3659 singleton live births

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Wanyu Zhang ◽  
Yihong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Ovarian Stimulation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ivf Et ◽  
Group 1

AbstractOestradiol, an important hormone in follicular development and endometrial receptivity, is closely related to clinical outcomes of fresh in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles. A supraphysiologic E2 level is inevitable during controlled ovarian hyper-stimulation (COH), and its effect on the outcome of IVF-ET is controversial. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the association between elevated serum oestradiol (E2) levels on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) administration and neonatal birthweight after IVF-ET cycles. The data of 3659 infertile patients with fresh IVF-ET cycles were analysed retrospectively between August 2009 and February 2017 in First Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Patients were categorized by serum E2 levels on the day of hCG administration into six groups: group 1 (serum E2 levels ≤ 1000 pg/mL, n = 230), group 2 (serum E2 levels between 1001 and 2000 pg/mL, n = 524), group 3 (serum E2 levels between 2001 and 3000 pg/mL, n = 783), group 4 (serum E2 levels between 3001 and 4000 pg/mL, n = 721), group 5 (serum E2 levels between 4001 and 5000 pg/mL, n = 548 ), and group 6 (serum E2 levels > 5000 pg/mL, n = 852). Univariate linear regression was used to evaluate the independent correlation between each factor and outcome index. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding factors. The LBW rates were as follows: 3.0% (group 1), 2.9% (group 2), 1.9% (group 3), 2.9% (group 4), 2.9% (group 5), and 2.0% (group 6) (P = 0.629), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidences of neonatal LBW among the six groups. We did not detect an association between peak serum E2 level during ovarian stimulation and neonatal birthweight after IVF-ET. The results of this retrospective cohort study showed that serum E2 peak levels during ovarian stimulation were not associated with birth weight during IVF cycles. In addition, no association was found between higher E2 levels and increased LBW risk. Our observations suggest that the hyper-oestrogenic milieu during COS does not seem to have adverse effects on the birthweight of offspring after IVF. Although this study provides some reference, the obstetric-related factors were not included due to historical reasons. The impact of the high estrogen environment during COS on the birth weight of IVF offspring still needs future research.

scholarly journals The Effect of Broccoli Sprout Extract on Seasonal Grass Pollen-Induced Allergic Rhinitis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1337
Author(s):  
Joseph Yusin ◽  
Vivian Wang ◽  
Susanne M. Henning ◽  
Jieping Yang ◽  
Chi-Hong Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Nasal Spray ◽  
Placebo Tablet ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Nasal Steroid ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Broccoli Sprout

Patients exposed to pollutants are more likely to suffer from allergic rhinitis and may benefit from antioxidant treatment. Our study determined if patients diagnosed with grass-induced allergic rhinitis could benefit from broccoli sprout extract (BSE) supplementation. In total, 47 patients were confirmed with grass-induced allergic rhinitis and randomized to one of four groups: group 1 (nasal steroid spray + BSE), group 2 (nasal steroid spray + placebo tablet), group 3 (saline nasal spray + BSE) and group 4 (saline nasal spray + placebo tablet). Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow (PNIF), Total Nasal Symptoms Scores (TNSS) and nasal mucus cytokine levels were analyzed in samples collected before and after the 3-week intervention. Comparing before and after the intervention, PNIF improved significantly when comparing Groups 1 and 2, vs. placebo, at various time points (p ≤ 0.05 at 5, 15, 60 and 240 min) following nasal challenge, while TNSS was only statistically significant at 5 (p = 0.03), 15 (p = 0.057) and 30 (p = 0.05) minutes. There were no statistically significant differences in various cytokine markers before and after the intervention. Combining nasal corticosteroid with BSE led to the most significant improvement in objective measures.

Timing of melatonin treatment: differential effects on oestrus and coat growth in goats

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Forsyth ◽  
F. E. Gebbie ◽  
J. Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Goat Milk ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

AbstractTo avoid winter scarcity of fresh goat milk, simple methods of advancing the season of kidding would be commercially valuable. A combination of long-day light treatment followed by melatonin is successful but other aspects of seasonality including coat growth are also reset. To investigate whether effects on breeding season and coat growth can be dissociated, British Saanen dairy goats (no. = 30) were randomly allocated to one of six groups. Control goats were untreated. Goats in the other five groups received 2 months of treatment with 20 h light: 4 h darkness (20L: 4D) and were then given 3 mg melatonin orally at 16.00 hfor 2 months. The treatments started on 11 January (group 1), 29 March (group 2), 14 June (group 3), 30 August (group 4) and 8 November (group 5). Weekly blood samples were taken for the measurement of progesterone to monitor ovarian activity and prolactin. Side patches (10 cm ×10 cm) were clipped monthly from alternate sides and weighed to measure coat growth. The onset of ovarian activity was advanced from a median date of 15 November in controls to 24 May in group 1 (P < 0·01), 16 August in group 2 (P < 0·05) and 18 October in group 3 (? < 0·05). Groups 4 and 5 showed no significant change in the onset of oestrus (median onset dates 8 November and 1 November, respectively). Group 1 goats came into season again with controls in November. In all except group 5, treatment interacted with time to affect significantly the growth of the coat. The pattern of coat growth was most altered (P < 0·001) in groups 1 and 2. This was associated with effects on plasma prolactin concentrations of light stimulation and melatonin suppression. Group 1 goats resynchronized with control goats to show a coat of normal weight in the winter following treatment. Division of milking goat herds into spring and autumn kidding groups is, therefore, a practical possibility, but effects on overall milk yield require study.

THE EFFECTS OF SLAUGHTER WEIGHT AND SEX ON THE COOKING LOSSES FROM AND PALATABILITY ATTRIBUTES OF PORK LOIN CHOPS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. JEREMIAH ◽  
G. M. WEISS
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Cooking Properties ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Practical Standpoint ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Pork Loin ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

A total of 130 barrows and 113 gilts were slaughtered over a range of liveweights from 65.6 to 143.9 kg. These animals were randomly assigned to six different liveweight groups (group 1, less than 79.5 kg; group 2, 79.5 through 93.1 kg; group 3, 93.2 through 106.7 kg; group 4, 106.8 through 120.4 kg; group 5, 120.5 through 134.0 kg; and group 6, 134.1 kg and over) and utilized to evaluate the effects of slaughter weight and sex on palatability and cooking properties. The composite results indicated that the slaughter weight of both barrows and gilts can, from a practical standpoint, be increased to take advantage of potential economic advantages without meaningfully altering cooking losses or palatability attributes. Key words: Pork, slaughter weight, sex, palatability, cooking losses

RESULTS OF PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF MESHOKO CERAMICS

Kavkazologiya ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 12-25
Author(s):  
S.M. OSTASHINSKIJ ◽  
◽  
M.A. KULKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Layer ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Biogenic Carbonates ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Carbonate Composition

The article presents the results of petrographic analysis of the ceramics of the Chalcolithic settlement of Meshoko. A total of 42 fragments were examined (see appendix), 10 of which belong to the upper part of the monument's sediments (layers 1 and 2a; Fig. 1), 20 refer to the middle part of the sediments (layer 2b; Fig. 2), 12 – to the lower part (layer 3; Fig. 3). Based on the analysis, 5 groups of ceramics were identified (Fig. 4). Group 1 consists of fragments with an admixture of limestone, group 2 – with an admixture of diorite, group 3 – with an admixture of biogenic carbonates and sand, group 4 – with an admixture of calcite, group 5 – with an admixture of diorite and chamotte. Clays of smectite composition predominate in groups 1 and 2, while clays of smectite-carbonate composition predominate in groups 3 and 4. Comparison of these groups with stratigraphy revealed that most of the ceramics of groups 3 and 4 are confined to the lower layer, and groups 1 and 2 to the middle and upper layer (Table 1). In addition, the ceramics of these layers differ in the nature of the external surface treatment. Significant changes in the technology of making ceramics during the transition from the lower layer to the middle layer allow us to assume corresponding changes in the composition of the population.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of medical treatment in overcoming the ureteral double-J stent related symptoms

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugur Kuyumcuoglu ◽  
Bilal Eryildirim ◽  
Murat Tuncer ◽  
Gokhan Faydaci ◽  
Fatih Tarhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Double J Stent ◽  
Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽  
Stone Treatment ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Background: We investigated whether the frequency of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) increased in patients in whom double-J stents were applied. We also evaluated several medical therapy protocols to treat symptoms related with ureteral stents.Materials and Methods: A total of 108 patients, in whom unilateral double-j stent was applied during ureteral stone treatment, were included. Before the double-J stent was applied, all patients completed storage components of the “International Prostate Symptom Score” (IPSSs), quality of life components of the IPSS (IPSS-QOL) and “Overactive Bladder Questionnaire” (OABq) forms and scores were calculated. After the procedure, cases were randomized into 5 groups, an antiinflammatory was given to Group 1, spasmolytic to Group 2, anticholinergic to Group 3 and α-blocker to Group 4. No additional drug was given to Group 5 as this control group. During the fourth week of the procedure, IPSSs, IPSS-QOL and OABq forms were again completed and scores were compared with the previous ones.Results: When all the cases were evaluated, the IPSSs, IPSS-QOLand OABq scores of patients in whom the double-J stent was applied were statistically significantly higher the procedure. Compared to the control group, the cases where the double-J stent was applied showed a higher IPSSs, IPSS-QOL and OABq scores and none of the medical therapies could prevent this increase.Interpretation: The frequency of LUTS increased in cases where the ureteral stent was applied and discomfort continued as long as the stent stayed in the body.

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