Lateral Attitude Change: Stalking the Elusive Displacement Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-353
Author(s):  
Roman Linne ◽  
Tina Glaser ◽  
Katrin Pum ◽  
Gerd Bohner
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Displacement Effect ◽  
Total N ◽  
Explicit Attitude ◽  
Displacement Effects ◽  
Psychology Review

Recent theorizing (Glaser et al., 2015, Personality and Social Psychology Review) distinguishes two types of lateral attitude change (LAC): generalization, where explicit attitude change toward a focal object transfers to lateral (= related) objects, and displacement, where only lateral (but not focal) attitudes change. Three experiments tested the hypothesis that generalization versus displacement effects depend on acceptance versus rejection of focal attitude change. Participants (total n = 471) read positive and negative ratings of different products that served as focal attitude objects. Subsequent attitude change toward focal products generalized to lateral products as a function of similarity (Experiments 1–3) and of induced preference for consistency (Experiment. 3). However, manipulations designed to induce rejection of focal change by telling participants not to trust the information presented were not successful: Instead of displacement, they produced attenuated generalization (Experiments 1–3). Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.

Referencing Race = Racist? Examining Perceptions of References to a Target’s Race as Offensive

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-481
Author(s):  
Conor J. O’Dea ◽  
Bayleigh N. Smith ◽  
Donald A. Saucier
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Important Implication ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Total N ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Linguistic Functions

We examined majority group members’ perceptions of racial slurs, compared to what we have labeled as combination terms. These combination terms possess the same semantic and pragmatic linguistic functions as racial slurs, functioning to express negative emotion toward, and to describe, a target. Across three studies (total N = 943) racial slurs were not perceived as significantly different from combination terms. We then examined whether participants higher in social dominance beliefs reported greater perceived justification for using combination terms over racial slurs because of their lack of historical denigration of marginalized groups that racial slurs have. Participants, even those higher in socially dominant attitudes, did not perceive greater justification for the use of combination terms than racial slurs. Indeed, an important implication is that race-marking, an understudied area of social psychology, paired with general derogative terms produces terms which may function similarly to racial slurs, but, fortunately, are also similarly vilified in modern society.

Major Theories in Social Psychology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Fiedler ◽  
Karolin Salmen
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Semantic Representation ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Change Motivation ◽  
Psychological Inquiry ◽  
Dissonance Theory

A synopsis of major theories of social psychology is provided with reference to three major domains of social-psychological inquiry: attitudes and attitude change, motivation regulation, and group behavior. Despite the heterogeneity of research topics, there is considerable overlap in the basic theoretical principles across all three domains. Typical theories that constitute the common ground of social psychology rely on rules of good Gestalt consistency, on psychodynamic principles, but also on behaviorist learning models and on semantic-representation and information-transition models borrowed from cognitive science. Prototypical examples that illustrate the structure and the spirit of theories in social psychology are dissonance theory, construal-level, regulatory focus, and social identity theory. A more elaborate taxonomy of pertinent theories is provided in the first table in this article.

scholarly journals The principle of situationism in modern social psychology. Review of the book by T. Gilovich and L. Ross "The Science of wisdom". Moscow: Individual, 2019. 368 p.

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-205
Author(s):  
E.P. Belinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Social Stereotypes ◽  
Psychology Review

The book summarizes the achievements of social psychology in the last few decades in the field of social cognition. The authors ‘ attention is drawn to the analysis of situational factors that determine the errors of social perception, form social stereotypes and prejudices, as well as influence the choice of various forms of social behavior.

scholarly journals Social Psychological Measurements of COVID-19: Coronavirus Perceived Threat, Government Response, Impacts, and Experiences Questionnaires

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucian Gideon Conway ◽  
Shailee R. Woodard ◽  
Alivia Zubrod
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Total N ◽  
Government Response ◽  
The One ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Governmental Response ◽  
Experience Questionnaire ◽  
Three Factor

Major journals have sounded the call for social psychologists to do research on the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). Such research is only as good as the measurements used. Across three studies (total n = 984), we developed a battery of social psychology-relevant questionnaires to measure COVID-19 phenomena: (1) Perceived Coronavirus Threat Questionnaire, (2) Governmental Response to Coronavirus Questionnaire, (3) Coronavirus Impacts Questionnaire, and (4) Coronavirus Experience Questionnaire. Exploratory (Study 1) and Confirmatory (Studies 2 and 3) Factor Analyses revealed excellent factor structures for the one-factor Perceived Coronavirus Threat, the six-factor Governmental Response Questionnaires, and the three-factor Coronavirus Impacts Questionnaire. The three-factor Coronavirus Experience Questionnaire yielded poorer psychometric properties overall. Given that brevity is often desired for online studies, we further recommend psychometrically sound short versions of each questionnaire. Taken in total, this work offers social psychology researchers a battery of questionnaires to measure Coronavirus-related phenomena for the duration of the pandemic in U.S. participants.

Media Platform Competition

2011 ◽  
pp. 258-272
Author(s):  
Yu-li Liu ◽  
Wen-yi Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Platform Competition ◽  
Displacement Effect ◽  
Cable Tv ◽  
Emerging Media ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
The Media ◽  
Displacement Effects

In Taiwan, there are three major TV platforms: terrestrial TV, cable TV, and IPTV. When faced with various TV platforms, the consumers in Taiwan will be able to choose from many broadcasts. When a new medium emerges, there are always concerns of its displacement effects on existing media. Many studies have explored the displacement effects of newly-emerging media, and have come up with a variety of sometimes conflicting findings (Lee & Leung, 2006). This chapter aims to analyze the media platform competition, namely, the displacement effect of IPTV on cable TV. The research methods used include a literature review and a telephone survey. With regard to the telephone survey, 612 of CHT’s IPTV users were selected systematically based on the name lists provided by the service provider. In this study, while the platform displacement effect of IPTV on cable TV is clear, the statistics reveal a different result for the time displacement effect.

Attitude Formation and Attitude Change

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Supriya Srivastava ◽  
Kuldeep Chand Rojhe
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Attitude Formation ◽  
Psychological Perspective ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Attitude Object ◽  
The Core

The study of attitudes formation and attitude change are two defining features at the core of social psychology. An attitude is a set of beliefs that people hold in relation to an attitude object, where an attitude object is a person, a product, or a social group. Since attitudes have been a strong influence on human behavior, social psychologists have viewed attitudes as important to understand behavior of individuals. Firstly, the chapter will introduce the concept of attitude with social psychological perspective. Attitude formation is important to understand to know why people hold different attitudes and how attitudes help to predict their behavior. In the second section, distinct ways of attitudes formation are discussed. It is also important to understand how attitudes influence in decision making, which is also discussed in the next section of the chapter. In the later section, changing processes of attitudes have been discussed.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Properties and Displacement Effects of Polymer Surfactant Solution

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ke-Liang Wang ◽  
Lei-Lei Zhang ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Yang-Yang Ming
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Displacement Effect ◽  
Molecular Weight Polymer ◽  
High Water Cut Stage ◽  
High Water Cut ◽  
Polymer Surfactant ◽  
Displacement Effects

Based on the characteristics of oil reservoirs and the requirements of further enhancing oil recovery at high water cut stage of Pubei Oilfield, the displacement performance of polymer surfactant is evaluated. Reasonable injection parameters and oil displacement effects after water flooding are also researched. Compared with conventional polymer with intermediate molecular weight, polymer surfactant has the properties of higher viscosity at low concentration condition and lower interfacial tension. Laboratory experiments indicate that the displacement effect of polymer surfactant is much better than that of conventional polymer at a slug size of 0.57 PV. The oil recovery of polymer surfactant increases by more than 10% after water flooding. Considering the actual situation of low-permeability of Pubei Oilfield reservoirs, the system viscosity of 30 mPa·s is chosen. The corresponding concentration of Type III polymer surfactant is 600 mg/L and the injected slug is 0.57 PV and the oil recovery can be increased by 11.69%.

Impulsive motion of an infinite plate in a compressible fluid with non-uniform external flow

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Traugott
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Skin Friction ◽  
Infinite Plate ◽  
Step Change ◽  
Impulsive Motion ◽  
Adiabatic Wall ◽  
Displacement Effect ◽  
Friction Heat ◽  
Rayleigh Problem ◽  
Displacement Effects

The impulsive movement of a plate (Rayleigh problem) is considered for a compressible flow in which, prior to initiation of the motion, both velocity and enthalpy gradients exist normal to the plate. The solution is valid for large times, and the external gradients are chosen of such magnitude that their effects enter to the same order as displacement effects due to induced vertical velocity. This displacement effect is influenced by the external enthalpy gradient. Both insulated wall and a step change in wall enthalpy are considered. For the insulated wall it is found that the part of the displacement solution which is uninfluenced by the external gradient requires a term in the logarithm of Reynolds number (based on time). This differs in principle from the case for a constant wall enthalpy. Displacement with uniform outside flow affects heat transfer but not skin friction, just the opposite from the corresponding results for the steady two-dimensional semi-infinite flat plate. The influence of external gradients on skin friction, heat transfer and adiabatic wall enthalpy is given.

scholarly journals DISPLACEMENT EFFECTS OF LATVIAN RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME 2007-2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Elita Benga ◽  
Juris Hāzners ◽  
Zaiga Miķelsone
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Substitution Effect ◽  
Development Programme ◽  
Displacement Effect ◽  
Specific Policy ◽  
Rural Development Programme ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Displacement Effects

Periodic evaluation of EU Member States Rural Development Programme (RDP) specific policy interventions is considered crucial in policy development. The main reasons for the evaluation of specific policy interventions are the assessment of a programme’s impact, the improvement of programme management and administration, identification of necessary improvements in the delivery of interventions and meeting the accountability. The core question to be answered in programme evaluation is whether the stated objectives are accomplished by particular intervention (support or „treatment” provided to programme participants). The main problem in the process of evaluation is the assessment of the counterfactual outcome by modelling the situation where treatment is absent. The counterfactual outcome has to be estimated by statistical methods as it is usually not observed. General equilibrium effects occur when a programme affects units other than its participants. The most important possible impacts are the substitution effect and the displacement effect. Displacement effects are unplanned and indirect. They usually play a more important role in the evaluation at the programme level than in the evaluation of RDP individual measures. Displacement effect is the programme effect that occurs in a programme area at expense of another area. It takes place if farms located in one geographical area, which is not a subject to RD support, becomes adversely affected by a support provided to farms located in another geographically area. The existing study provides an assessment of the displacement effects on the employment in unsupported units at the programme level after the net effects on the employment calculated at the measure level are aggregated over the entire programme.

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