Flexibility of Spontaneous Trait Inferences: The Interactive Effects of Mood and Gender Stereotypes

BackgroundThe underrepresentation of women in STEM fields is a pervasive global issue. Despite evidence casting doubt on the preconceived notions that males outperform females in these domains, gender stereotype beliefs persist and have been highlighted as potential cultural barriers limiting females opportunities. Gender stereotype and ability beliefs emerge in early childhood and recent evidence has highlighted early childhood education as a promising period for the cultivation of positive STEM dispositions. AimsThis study investigated gender stereotype beliefs, mathematical self-beliefs and STEM attitudes among a sample of pre-service early childhood teachers to assess the existence of stereotype endorsements and predictive relationships with STEM interests.SampleParticipants were pre-service early childhood teacher (N=74), mean age 21.17 years, 4 males and 70 femalesMethodsElectronic surveys utilising a series of pre-established scales, measuring gender stereotype bias from ability and cultural perspectives, mathematical self-belief variables (self-efficacy, self-concept, anxiety), and interest in STEM, were distributed. ResultsRegression analysis reveal previous level of mathematical study at secondary school, social persuasions as a sources of self-efficacy and gender stereotype endorsements as significant predictors of overall attitude to STEMConclusions Findings suggest the importance of previous school experience and social influences as well as participants’ gender stereotype endorsements in influencing interest in STEM. These data are discussed in light of implications for teachers; future practice and teacher education

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The effect of stereotype activation on spontaneous inferences

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.7470 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (8) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Pei Wang ◽

Ai-hua Tao ◽

Fan Gao ◽

Yi-wen Xie

Keyword(s):

Chinese People ◽

Stereotype Activation ◽

Spontaneous Trait Inferences ◽

Probe Recognition ◽

Trait Inferences ◽

Situational Information ◽

Chinese Undergraduates

We adopted the probe recognition paradigm to examine the effect of stereotype activation on spontaneous inferences among Chinese undergraduates (N = 48). First, behavioral sentences involving trait-implying behavior and corresponding situational information were simultaneously presented. We then selected stereotype labels of the actor's behavior that were consistent or inconsistent with the behavior, and which were activated either supraliminally or subliminally. The results showed that whether a stereotype was activated supraliminally or subliminally, the influence on spontaneous inferences was the same. Specifically, when the stereotype was inconsistent with the actor's behavior, spontaneous situational inferences were facilitated, and when the stereotype was consistent with the actor's behavior, spontaneous trait inferences were not facilitated. As Chinese people may be more prone to spontaneous (vs. trait) inferences, this indicates that human inferences are deeply influenced by culture.

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Custody and Care of Children in Spain: Can the Two Rights be Reconciled?

Feminist Legal Studies ◽

10.1007/s10691-021-09466-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marcela Jabbaz Churba

Keyword(s):

Gender Gap ◽

Gender Stereotypes ◽

Parental Authority ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Judicial Process ◽

Gender Based ◽

And Gender ◽

Children’S Voices ◽

The Impact

AbstractThis study aims to analyse the legal decision-making process in the Community of Valencia (Spain) regarding contentious divorces particularly with respect to parental authority (patria potestas), custody and visiting arrangements for children, and the opinions of mothers and fathers on the impact these judicial measures have had on their lives. It also considers the biases in these decisions produced by privileging the rights of the adults over those of the children. Three particular moments are studied: (1) the situation before the break-up, focusing on the invisible gender gap in care; (2) the judicial process, where we observe the impact of hidden gender-based violence and gender stereotypes; and (3) the situation post-decision, showing how any existing violence continues after divorce, by means of parental authority. The concept of ‘motherhood under threat’ is placed at the centre of these issues, where children’s voices are given the least attention.

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Intersecting race and gender stereotypes: Implications for group-level attitudes

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations ◽

10.1177/1368430217706742 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 1172-1184 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Curtis E. Phills ◽

Amanda Williams ◽

Jennifer M. Wolff ◽

Ashley Smith ◽

Rachel Arnold ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Black Men ◽

Gender Stereotypes ◽

South Asians ◽

The United States ◽

Men And Women ◽

Race And Gender ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Minority Men ◽

And Gender ◽

The Relationship

Two studies examined the relationship between explicit stereotyping and prejudice by investigating how stereotyping of minority men and women may be differentially related to prejudice. Based on research and theory related to the intersectional invisibility hypothesis (Purdie-Vaughns & Eibach, 2008), we hypothesized that stereotyping of minority men would be more strongly related to prejudice than stereotyping of minority women. Supporting our hypothesis, in both the United Kingdom (Study 1) and the United States (Study 2), when stereotyping of Black men and women were entered into the same regression model, only stereotyping of Black men predicted prejudice. Results were inconsistent in regard to South Asians and East Asians. Results are discussed in terms of the intersectional invisibility hypothesis (Purdie-Vaughns & Eibach, 2008) and the gendered nature of the relationship between stereotyping and attitudes.

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Masks and Selves in Contemporary Java: The Dances of Didik Nini Thowok

Journal of Southeast Asian Studies ◽

10.1017/s0022463405000160 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 249-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jan Mrázek

Keyword(s):

Gender Stereotypes ◽

Chinese Descent ◽

And Gender

This essay reflects on the plays of masks and selves in the dances and the life of Didik Nini Thowok, and the resonances between dance and life. An Indonesian of Chinese descent and a female impersonator whose comic dances combine different regional styles, Didik upsets notions of ethnic and gender stereotypes and identities, the notion of identity itself.

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