Personality, Schizophrenia, and Violence: A Longitudinal Study: The Second Wave of the VIORMED Project

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gioia Bottesi ◽  
Valentina Candini ◽  
Marta Ghisi ◽  
Mattia Bava ◽  
Giorgio Bianconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aggressive Behaviors ◽  
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory ◽  
Violent Recidivism ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
Overt Aggression Scale

This study investigated the association between maladaptive personality traits, personality disorders (PDs), schizophrenia, and the risk of aggressive behavior. Ninety-four patients with a history of violence and 92 patients with no history of violence underwent a multidimensional baseline assessment. Aggressive behavior was monitored during a 1-year follow-up through the Modified Overt Aggression Scale. The Violent group scored significantly higher than the Control group on the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III) Antisocial, Sadistic, Borderline, and Paranoid personality scales. Irrespective of any history of violence, patients with PD as a primary diagnosis displayed more aggressive behaviors than those with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia during the follow-up. Furthermore, the most significant predictor of aggressive behaviors over time was endorsing a primary diagnosis of PD. Identifying the crucial risk factors for violent recidivism would contribute to reducing aggressive behavior in this population.

scholarly journals Prescribing Patterns of Psychotropic Drugs and Risk of Violent Behavior: A Prospective, Multicenter Study in Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 300-310
Author(s):  
E di Giacomo ◽  
A Stefana ◽  
V Candini ◽  
G Bianconi ◽  
L Canal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Overt Aggression ◽  
History Of ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Overt Aggression Scale

Abstract Background This prospective cohort study aimed at evaluating patterns of polypharmacy and aggressive and violent behavior during a 1-year follow-up in patients with severe mental disorders. Methods A total of 340 patients (125 inpatients from residential facilities and 215 outpatients) were evaluated at baseline with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I and II, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Specific Levels of Functioning scale, Brown-Goodwin Lifetime History of Aggression, Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2. Aggressive behavior was rated every 15 days with the Modified Overt Aggression Scale and treatment compliance with the Medication Adherence Rating Scale. Results The whole sample was prescribed mainly antipsychotics with high levels of polypharmacy. Clozapine prescription and higher compliance were associated with lower levels of aggressive and violent behavior. Patients with a history of violence who took clozapine were prescribed the highest number of drugs. The patterns of cumulative Modified Overt Aggression Scale mean scores of patients taking clozapine (n = 46), other antipsychotics (n = 257), and no antipsychotics (n = 37) were significantly different (P = .001). Patients taking clozapine showed a time trend at 1-year follow-up (24 evaluations) indicating a significantly lower level of aggressive behavior. Patient higher compliance was also associated with lower Modified Overt Aggression Scale ratings during the 1-year follow-up. Conclusion Both inpatients and outpatients showed high levels of polypharmacy. Clozapine prescription was associated with lower Modified Overt Aggression Scale ratings compared with any other antipsychotics or other psychotropic drugs. Higher compliance was associated with lower levels of aggressive and violent behavior.

Personality, Schizophrenia, and Violence: A Longitudinal Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Candini ◽  
Marta Ghisi ◽  
Gioia Bottesi ◽  
Clarissa Ferrari ◽  
Viola Bulgari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Intervention ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Clinically Significant

The aims of this study were (a) to investigate the presence of clinically significant personality traits and personality disorders (PD) in patients living in residential facilities, with or without a history of violence (69 and 46, respectively); and (b) to investigate any associations between clinically significant personality traits and PDs, aggression, impulsivity, hostility, and violent behavior during a 1-year follow-up. The most frequent primary diagnoses were schizophrenia (58.3%) and PD (20.9%). Those with a history of violence demonstrated more antisocial and alcohol dependence features and lower depressive PD symptoms than the control group. Hostility levels, antisocial symptoms, and drug dependence, as well as a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II diagnosis of PD, predicted aggressive and violent behavior during follow-up. The study confirms the relevance of assessing PDs both to evaluate the risk of violent behavior and to plan appropriate preventive and treatment intervention.

Abdominopelvic Pain in Patient with Uterus Didelphys and Unilateral Obstructed Hemivagina and Ipsilateral Renal Agenesis (OHVIRA Syndrome)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Tavoli ◽  
Ali Montazeri
Keyword(s):  
Renal Agenesis ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Uterus Didelphys ◽  
Future Fertility ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ohvira Syndrome ◽  
Obstructed Hemivagina ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Introduction: Uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis (OHVIRA syndrome) is a rare female urogenital malformation and delay in its diagnosis could lead to several complications. Case presentation: A 21-year-old virgin woman was admitted to the emergency department (ED) with severe abdominal pain, without fever and vaginal discharge. She reported a history of cyclic abdominopelvic pain and dysmenorrhea for 5 years. The primary diagnosis (OHVIRA syndrome) was made using ultrasonography, spiral computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition, laparoscopy was performed to confirm diagnosis and drain hematosalpinx. Then, hysteroscopy was carried out for septum resection and catheter insertion. At one-month follow-up the ultrasonography showed normal left hemicavity of uterus associated with significant decrease in dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: Being aware of OHVIRA syndrome and clinical suspicion of this rare anomaly are essential for making a timely diagnosis, preventing complications, relieving symptoms, and preserving future fertility.

scholarly journals Olfactory Dysfunction in β Thalassemia Major Patients Treated With Iron-Chelating Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. NP125-NP130
Author(s):  
Serhan Derin ◽  
Selvet Erdogan ◽  
Murat Sahan ◽  
Mehmet Fatih Azik ◽  
Hatice Derin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Facial Trauma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Iron Chelating Agents

Ocular and ophthalmological adverse effects may be seen in β-thalassemia major (BTM) patients treated with regular blood transfusions and iron-chelating agents. We hypothesized that olfactory dysfunction may be present in this population. In this study, we aimed to investigate olfactory dysfunction in patients with BTM and determine the etiological factors. A total of 43 patients with BTM were included in the study. Forty-three patients without any nasal complaints, history of facial trauma, or nasal surgery were included as the controls. All participants had nasal endoscopy. The iron-chelating agents used, their duration of use, as well as hemoglobin and ferritin levels of the BTM patients were recorded. Sniffin’ Sticks test (SST) was used to assess olfactory functions, and BTM and control groups were compared for the results. The correlations of SST scores with the other study parameters were analyzed. Eight (18.6%) of 43 patients in the BTM group had hyposmia while none of the patients in the control group had hyposmia ( P < .001). Older age, low-hemoglobin level, and longer use of deferoxamine were found to be correlated with olfactory dysfunction. Olfactory dysfunction may be seen in BTM patients treated with iron-chelating agents. The results of this study suggest that screening for olfactory function may be needed in routine follow-up of BTM patients.

scholarly journals BCG In the treatment of recurrent. Genital condyloma accuminatum

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-286
Author(s):  
Chen Jen Shan ◽  
Antonio Marmo Lucon ◽  
Miguel Srougi
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Clinical Recurrence ◽  
Collateral Effects ◽  
Collateral Effect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Electro Coagulation ◽  
And Control

Introduction: The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the most prevalent sexually transmissible disease. The treatment of Condyloma Accuminatum is a great challenge because of the high recurrence rate and of the lack of any drug efficient in its elimination. Objective: To assess the efficacy of the treatment with Imuno BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) for bearers of condylomas recurrent for more than 2 years. Patients and Methods: Patients with age between 18 and 60 years, having a history of more than 2 years of genital warts, were included, attended as from 01-08-2011; bearers of serious diseases, immunodeficiency or users of immune-suppressors, being excluded. The procedure adopted began with a biopsy of the wart(s) with local anesthetic, followed by the electro-coagulation of all the warts and bases of the biopsies, a solution with 80 mg of Imuno BCG dissolved in 2 ml of saline solution 0.9% was applied to all the genital area, including the cauterized areas. The area was covered with plastic for 2 hours and afterwards washed with water. The local application of Imuno BCG was repeated for 8 consecutive weeks. At the end of the second month the cases were re-assessed. When there was clinical recurrence a new procedure with the same drug was undertaken, but with 3 weekly applications made by the patient himself for 8 weeks. Result: Sixteen patients completed 2-year follow-up. The cure rate was of 62.5%. Of the 10 patients cured, 6 (37.5%) used one series of Imuno BCG, 1 (6.25%) used 2 series, and 3 (18.75%) used 3 series. Of the 6 patients who were not cured, there was a reduction in the number of cauterizations from 5.5 times (over an average period of the disease of 51.6 months) to 2.4 cauterizations (over an average follow-up period of 52.3 months) after the use Imuno BCG. The collateral effects of the use of Imuno BCG were insignificant. Conclusion: Topical BCG is a good option for the treatment of recurrent condylomas, with minimal collateral effect. It may be used even on PPD-negative patients. However, this result must be confirmed with larger sample populations and control-group studies.

Historical and clinical items of the HCR-20 as predictors of risk within an intellectual disability population

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddie Chaplin ◽  
Mo Eyeoyibo ◽  
Steve Wright ◽  
Kiriakos Xenitidis ◽  
Jane McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Challenging Behaviour ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Overt Aggression Scale

Purpose – The use of violence risk assessment measures within intellectual disabilities (ID) services is now the norm and a growing target for research. The purpose of this paper is to examine the clinical utility of the historical and clinical factors of the HCR-20 in predicting violence. Design/methodology/approach – The study took place within a national low secure service for adults with ID examining all completed admissions over a six-year period, (N=22). Clinical records covering the first three months of admission were examined along with historical reports and incident data recorded at three, six, nine and 12 months admission using the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS). Findings – Significant positive relationship between Historical score and total number of incidents was established. Patients with challenging behaviour less likely to have a previous history of violence, and more likely to be older at first violent incident than patients without challenging behaviour. Incidents involving patients with autism were less severe and those with no additional psychiatric diagnosis were significantly more likely to have substance misuse problems than those with a diagnosis. Originality/value – The study found the Historical section was predictive of violent incidents and whilst the study is too small to draw any firm conclusions, the significant positive relationship between the Historical Score and number of incidents for those without additional diagnosis needs to be investigated further as well as the potential positive clinical impact of using the HCR-20 in routine clinical practice.

Serotonin and impulsive/ aggressive behavior in parolees with and without a history of violence

1994 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 646
Author(s):  
F.G. Moeller ◽  
D.R. Cherek ◽  
T.J. Allen ◽  
C.M. Davis ◽  
A.C. Swann
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence

Serum testosterone level and its relation to aggressive behavior in schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s845-s846
Author(s):  
M. Zholob ◽  
S. Godinova ◽  
M. Zelman
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Testosterone Level ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Serum Testosterone Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Patients

This work is presenting partial preliminary outcomes of our study focused on evaluating the levels of testosterone in psychotic patients and its relationship to aggressive behavior.Our study group included 10 male patients (from planned 20), with history of aggressive behavior at baseline and 24 male patients (from planned 40), without history of aggressive behavior. Non-aggressive patients were considered as control group. All included patients were hospitalized in psychiatric hospital Hronovce with diagnose of psychotic disorder. Levels of testosterone were measured by laboratory evaluation. Aggressive behavior was assessed by HCR scale, which was linked with every TSH evaluation. The level of testosterone was measured in all subjects at the baseline and in the group of aggressive patients was realized next measurement after 14 days of hospitalization.According to our preliminary findings, the average level of TSH in our whole study group was 478.66 ng/dl (range from 158.06 to 767.81). The control group showed average value of TSH 486,84 ng/dl (range from 158.06 to 767.81). The group of patients with history of aggressive behavior showed average value of TSH 459.04 ng/dl (range from 191.81 to 638.02) and after 14 days of cure the levels were of average value 452.55 ng/dl (range from 253.53 to 657.92).These preliminary findings don’t show significant intergroup differences, but there are some clear casuistic declines in TSH. After collecting the envisaged group of patients we plan to correlate values of testosterone level with the score of HCR, intergroup comparison and detailed analysis (including demography, pharmacology).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals The Frequency and Factors Related to Aggressive Behavior in Psychiatric Patients Controlled by a Variety of Restraint Methods

2022 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Kheradmand ◽  
Anita Hosseini ◽  
Abdollah Farhadinasab
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Overt Aggression Scale ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Aggressive behavior of patients in psychiatric wards is one of the main challenges faced by healthcare workers. Despite the abundance of research on the frequency of aggressive behavior, not enough attention has been paid to its severity. Furthermore, limited studies have evaluated the restraint methods used to manage aggressive behaviors. Objectives: The current descriptive study aimed to compare the relationship between demographic characteristics, diagnosis of psychiatric illness, medical illness, and hospitalization characteristics with features of aggressive behavior in patients experiencing different types of restraint during hospitalization. Methods: We evaluated subjects admitted to the adult psychiatric wards of Imam Hossein and Taleghani hospitals in Tehran, Iran, in 2018. The patients were controlled by various restraint methods during hospitalization. All the patients were evaluated for the severity of aggression, which was determined utilizing the Persian version of the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS). All the data along with demographic and clinical characteristics obtained from medical records were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test (P-value = 0.05) and Spearman correlation coefficient to describe the factors affecting the aggressive behavior of patients. Results: In this study, the prevalence of aggressive behavior was 11.7%. Among the demographic variables, gender (P-value = 0.003), education level (P-value = 0.05), and the history of aggressive behavior (P-value = 0.001) were significantly associated with the MOAS. Furthermore, as the hospitalization duration increased, the frequency of aggressive behavior decreased, and its severity intensified. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between aggression severity with admission type (P-value = 0.00), concurrent medical illness (P-value = 0.026), and substance abuse (P-value = 0.025). Conclusions: According to the obtained results, the factors affecting the aggression and early identification of patients with the potential of aggressive behavior is an effective management strategy for controlling these patients.

scholarly journals Intensive home treatment for adolescents in psychiatric crisis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jet B. Muskens ◽  
Pierre C. M. Herpers ◽  
Caroline Hilderink ◽  
Patricia A. M. van Deurzen ◽  
Jan K. Buitelaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Home Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
New Model ◽  
Combined Application

Abstract Background Adolescents with acute psychiatric disorders are typically treated with long-term clinical admission. However, long term admission may be associated with a variety of negative outcomes. This pilot study presents a new model of care, that is, the combined application of intensive home treatment and the possibility of short term stay at a psychiatric high & intensive care. Methods In total 112 referred adolescents with mixed diagnoses participated in this longitudinal observational design. Clinical outcome was measured by the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA) which measures the severity of multiple mental health problems. The HoNOSCA was clinician-rated at intake, after two months and after four months at discharge. Change in HoNOSCA total score was analysed with paired t-tests. Outcome moderators were gender, age, primary diagnosis, clinical admission, home treatment-time, medication and additional therapies. Follow up data were completed for 62 patients after two months and for 53 after four months. Results Participants aged between 11 and 18 years (M = 14.8 years, SD = 0.3; 52% female). Mean HoNOSCA total score at intake was 18.8 (SD = 5.2), after two months 13.0 (SD = 5.0); after four months resulting in a score of 9.3 (SD = 5.2). None of the moderators tested showed a significant effect on HoNOSCA scores. However, a control group could not be used because of the severe psychopathology and high risk for suicidality and the lack of an effective treatment intervention for a comparable study group. Conclusion With a symptom decrease of over 50% within four months as measured by the HoNOSCA, including less risk for hospitalization, this new model appears promising and of clinical relevance. Nevertheless, further research regarding stability of treatment outcome is warranted and evaluation of long-term effects of this model in follow-up studies is needed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document