The Role of Dimensional Personality Psychopathology in a Forensic Inpatient Psychiatric Setting

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime L. Anderson ◽  
Mary E. Wood ◽  
Anthony M. Tarescavage ◽  
Danielle Burchett ◽  
David M. Glassmire
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Psychiatric Setting ◽  
Personality Psychopathology Five ◽  
Inpatient Settings ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric ◽  
Personality Psychopathology ◽  
Institutional Aggression

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form is a widely used measure of psychopathology and includes the Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) scales, which measure dimensional maladaptive personality traits similar to those in the DSM-5 alternative model for personality disorder (PD) diagnosis. The current study evaluated the role of these dimensional personality psychopathology characteristics in a sample of 1,110 inpatients in a forensic psychiatric setting, where personality psychopathology plays a significant but understudied role. The authors examined the extent to which dimensional personality psychopathology characteristics (as measured by the PSY-5) were associated with borderline and antisocial PD diagnoses and institutional aggression. Results support the usefulness of measuring dimensional personality traits for understanding PD diagnoses, as well as incidents of institutional aggression. More specifically, the PSY-5 scales appear to measure the core features of borderline and antisocial PDs. This study supports the inclusion of dimensional personality assessment in understanding aggressive behavior in inpatient settings.

Assessment of aggression in inpatient settings

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara E. McDermott ◽  
Brian J. Holoyda
Keyword(s):  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Dynamic Risk Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Psychiatric Setting ◽  
Dynamic Factors ◽  
Measuring Change ◽  
Inpatient Settings ◽  
Institutional Aggression

The threat of violence is a major concern for all individuals working or receiving treatment in an inpatient psychiatric setting. One major focus in forensic psychology and psychiatry over the past several decades has been the development of risk assessments to aid in the identification of those individuals most at risk of exhibiting violent behavior. So-called second- and third-generation risk assessments were developed to improve the accuracy of decision making. While these instruments were developed for use in the community, many have proven to be effective in identifying patients more likely to exhibit institutional aggression. Because the purpose of risk assessment is the reduction of violence, dynamic factors were included in third-generation risk instruments to provide opportunities for intervention and methods for measuring change. Research with these instruments indicates that both static factors (second-generation) and dynamic factors (third-generation) are important in identifying those patients most likely to engage in institutional aggression, especially when the aggression is categorized by type (impulsive/reactive, organized/predatory/instrumental, psychotic). Recent research has indicated that developing a typology of aggressive incidents may provide insight both into precipitants to assaults as well as appropriate interventions to reduce such aggression. The extant literature suggests that both static and dynamic risk factors are important, but may be differentially related to the type of aggression exhibited and the characteristics of the individuals exhibiting the aggression.

scholarly journals Trait Perspective

Psychology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Brent Donnellan ◽  
Christopher Hopwood
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Common Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Controversial Topic

Personality traits, or relatively enduring and global patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving, are thought to be a foundational element of personality by many researchers. Gordon Allport is widely recognized as the founder of academic personality psychology, and his perspectives on the trait concept continue to be influential today. Following Allport, many contemporary trait psychologists theorize that traits are rooted in biological processes but shaped by life experiences. Moreover, contemporary trait psychologists believe personality traits have causal implications, meaning that they affect how individuals interpret and respond to the challenges of life as well as the responses that individuals evoke from others. To be sure, personality traits work together and in concert with situational factors to generate behavior, which is an idea with a long history in psychology. Despite the popularity of trait concepts in lay theories of human behavior, the existence and importance of personality traits has been a controversial topic in academic psychology. The goal of this bibliography is to introduce readers to the trait concept and to the debates surrounding personality traits by providing references to both classic and contemporary readings. The first sections (see General Overviews) provide references that give an overview of personality traits, cover issues in the concept of Defining Traits, and discuss the role of personality traits in the broader field of personality psychology. These introductory sections are followed by an overview of The Person-Situation Debate, a critical conflict in the history of trait psychology. We refer to classic readings in this debate and cover Responses to the Person-Situation Debate. These reactions to the person-situation debate have come to define, in part, how modern trait psychologists view their field. Trait psychology is often strongly identified with personality assessment; thus the next section in this bibliography covers issues in Assessing Personality Traits including measurement validity, reliability, and the utility of various measurement methods. Improvements in assessment have led to one of the major accomplishments in trait psychology: the delineation of a common structure for higher order personality traits in the form of the “Big Five” domains (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability or neuroticism, and openness). The next section includes readings on Evaluating the Structure of Personality Traits and includes papers from both proponents and critics of the Big Five/five-factor models. A major accomplishment following the person-situation debate was a more precise articulation of the developmental course, biological correlates, and impacts of traits for understanding adaptation across the lifespan. Thus, the final three sections include readings about Personality Trait Development Across the Lifespan, Biological Perspectives on Traits, and Personality Traits and Life Outcomes.

scholarly journals Childhood Maltreatment as Predictor of Pathological Personality Traits Using PSY-5 in an Adult Psychiatric Sample

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Ji Young Choi ◽  
Soo Hyun Park
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Personality Psychopathology Five ◽  
Adaptive Adjustment ◽  
Personality Psychopathology ◽  
Adjustment System ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits

Extant literature indicates that childhood maltreatment is significantly associated with personality disorders. With the recent call for a more dimensional approach to understanding personality and pathological personality traits, the aim of the present study was to examine whether the experience of childhood maltreatment is associated with pathological personality traits as measured by the Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5). We analyzed data from 557 adult psychiatric patients with diverse psychiatric diagnoses, including mood disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and anxiety disorders. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the degree to which childhood maltreatment explained the five trait dimensions after controlling for demographic variables, presence of psychotic symptoms, and degree of depressive symptoms. Childhood maltreatment significantly predicted all of the five trait dimensions of the PSY-5. This suggests that childhood maltreatment may negatively affect the development of an adaptive adjustment system, thereby potentially contributing to the emergence of pathological personality traits.

Predictive Validity of the MMPI-2 PSY-5 Scales and Facets for Law Enforcement Officer Employment Outcomes

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth A. Caillouet ◽  
Marcus T. Boccaccini ◽  
Jorge G. Varela ◽  
Robert D. Davis ◽  
Cary D. Rostow
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Enforcement Officer ◽  
Positive Impression Management ◽  
Personality Psychopathology Five ◽  
Positive Impression ◽  
Law Enforcement Officer ◽  
Personality Psychopathology

Several Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory—2 Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) scales and facets showed small to medium levels of predictive validity in identifying law enforcement officer applicants who would later be forced to leave their agencies ( n = 436 still employed, n = 164 forced to leave agency). The PSY-5 measures were moderately to strongly associated with measures of positive impression management (L and K scales), although the direction of these associations sometimes varied for facets of the same PSY-5 scale (e.g., Disconstraint, Introversion/Low Positive Emotionality). The predictive effects of the PSY-5 were often observed only in officers without significant levels of impression management (L ≤ 55T, K ≤ 65T). The PSY-5 scales and facets were not especially useful for predicting on-the-job misconduct.

Differential diagnosis using the MMPI-2: Goldberg’s index revisited

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 409-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos I.M. Egger ◽  
Peter A.M. Delsing ◽  
Hubert R.A. De Mey
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Clinical Scales ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Personality Psychopathology Five ◽  
Personality Psychopathology

AbstractBackgroundThe Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) often supports clinical decision-making in complex diagnostic problems like differentiating neurosis from psychosis and psychosis from bipolar disorder. The MMPI Goldberg index, an arithmetical combination of five clinical scales, has been considered to provide a good estimate for discriminating between neurotic and psychotic profiles. Similarly, the MMPI-2 Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) scales have been found to be useful in differentiating diagnostic categories.MethodThis study evaluates these findings in a sample of psychiatric patients diagnosed with depressive, psychotic, or bipolar disorder using ANOVA and discriminant analysis.ResultsResults corroborate the validity of Goldberg’s index and find MMPI-2 PSY-5 scale Disconstraint to significantly differentiate between psychotic and bipolar-I disorder.ConclusionThe MMPI-2 Goldberg index and PSY-5 scales can offer a useful contribution to the differential diagnosis of depressive, psychotic and bipolar disorder.

Infrahumanisation: the nurse versus the guard phenomenon in forensic psychiatric practice in Zimbabwe

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-164
Author(s):  
VIRGININIA DUBE-MAWEREWERE
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Prison System ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Psychiatric Setting ◽  
Major Revision ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explicate the lived experiences of nurses involved in rehabilitation of forensic psychiatric patients in special institutions in Zimbabwe. Design/methodology/approach – The study used the grounded theory approach utilising a mixed sequential dominant status design (QUAL/Quant). Pierre Bourdieu’s conceptual canon of field, habitus and capital was used as a theoretical point of departure by the research study. Confirmatory retrospective document review of 119 patients’ files was also done to substantiate the nurses’ experiences. Theoretical sampling of relatives was also done. Findings – Findings and results revealed that nurses seemed to experience infrahumanisation, a subtler form of dehumanisation. The infrahumanisation was embodied in the unpleasant context in which nurses were expected to perform their mandate of championing rehabilitation of forensic psychiatric patients. The guards who represented the prison system seemed to possess all forms of capital in the prison system (where special institutions are housed): the prison cultural capital, social capital and economic capital. This capital seemed to represent symbolic power over the disillusioned and voiceless nurses. Guards attended to and discussed patients and relatives issues instead of nurses. This form of misrecognition of the nurses culminated in dominance and reproduction of the interests of the prison system which underlined the established order of realities in the rehabilitation of forensic psychiatric patients in special institutions at the time of the study. The nurses’ lived experience was confirmed by theoretically sampled by relatives of forensic psychiatric patients who also participated in the research study. Nurses’ powerlessness was also reflected in the patients’ files in which in which care was largely not documented. Research limitations/implications – The study focused on the nurses experiences related to rehabilitation of male forensic psychiatric patients and not on female forensic psychiatric patients because there were important variables in the two groups that were not homogenous. For the little documentation that was done, there was also a tendency nurses to document negative rather than positive events and trends. The documents/files of patients had therefore a negative bias which was a major limitation to this study. Practical implications – There is a need for major revision of the revision of the role of the nurse in the forensic psychiatric setting. Collaboration as academia, practice, professional organisations and regulatory bodies would foster a nurse led therapeutic jurisprudence in the future of rehabilitation of forensic psychiatric patients in Zimbabwe. Social implications – There is a need for major revision of the revision of the role of the nurse in the forensic psychiatric setting. Originality/value – This is the first description of the position of nurses’ seconded to special institutions in Zimbabwe and will go a long way in realigning conflictual policy documents guiding care of forensic psychiatric patients in special institutions.

scholarly journals The value of being a conscientious learner

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 424-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Woods ◽  
Fiona C. Patterson ◽  
Anna Koczwara ◽  
Juilitta A. Sofat
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Training Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of personality traits of the Big Five model on training outcomes to help explain variation in training effectiveness. Design/methodology/approach Associations of the Big Five with self-reported learning following training were tested in a pre- and post-design in a field sample of junior medical practitioners (N = 99), who attended a training workshop on self-awareness. Associations are reported of personality traits with post-training learning measured immediately following the workshop and one-month later controlling for pre-training learning. Findings Conscientiousness was related to post-training learning at both times. None of the remaining Big Five factors were associated with post-training learning. Research limitations/implications The study contributes to the literature on personality and training outcomes, clarifying the associations of traits with outcomes in a pre-and-post design. Although the study sample has limitations, the findings have implications for numerous lines of future research, in particular in understanding the role of training in relations of personality and job performance. Practical implications Practitioners should consider ways to encourage training participants to approach training conscientiously. Personality assessment might help people reflect on their approach to learning to adapt it during training. Originality/value No study has previously examined the role of personality traits in training outcomes using a pre- and post-design. The role of conscientiousness in workplace learning is underlined by the findings. While dimensions such as openness and extraversion may encourage people to participate in training, conscientiousness may make the difference in promoting internalized individual development and change following training.

Handwriting Analysis and Personality Assessment

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Greasley
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Handwriting Analysis ◽  
Recruitment Process ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Personnel Recruitment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Better Than

It has been estimated that graphology is used by over 80% of European companies as part of their personnel recruitment process. And yet, after over three decades of research into the validity of graphology as a means of assessing personality, we are left with a legacy of equivocal results. For every experiment that has provided evidence to show that graphologists are able to identify personality traits from features of handwriting, there are just as many to show that, under rigorously controlled conditions, graphologists perform no better than chance expectations. In light of this confusion, this paper takes a different approach to the subject by focusing on the rationale and modus operandi of graphology. When we take a closer look at the academic literature, we note that there is no discussion of the actual rules by which graphologists make their assessments of personality from handwriting samples. Examination of these rules reveals a practice founded upon analogy, symbolism, and metaphor in the absence of empirical studies that have established the associations between particular features of handwriting and personality traits proposed by graphologists. These rules guide both popular graphology and that practiced by professional graphologists in personnel selection.

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