scholarly journals Aging: Empirical Contribution: A Longitudinal Analysis of Personality Disorder Dimensions and Personality Traits in a Community Sample of Older Adults: Perspectives From Selves and Informants

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke D. Cooper ◽  
Steve Balsis ◽  
Thomas F. Oltmanns
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Empirical Contribution

scholarly journals Five-Factor Model Personality Disorder Traits, Health Behaviors, Health Perceptions, and Insomnia Symptoms in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Oltmanns ◽  
Thomas A. Widiger
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Categorical Models ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Personality traits predict physical health outcomes, including health behaviors, disease, and mortality. Maladaptive traits of personality disorders may predict even more variance in physical health indicators. Dimensional models of maladaptive personality traits are replacing categorical models of personality disorder, and the Five-Factor Model of personality disorder (FFMPD) is a useful dimensional model of maladaptive traits. However, there has been little work investigating the criterion validity of the FFMPD. The present study serves as a broad initial overview of the FFMPD scales in the prediction of health behaviors, heath perceptions, and insomnia symptoms across two time points in a representative community sample of older adults (N = 1,060). Findings indicate that the FFMPD scales explain a significant amount of variance in the physical health variables across time. Exploratory analyses indicate that the FFMPD traits have incremental validity over covariates, normal-range personality traits, and personality disorder criteria.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ANXIETY AND PERSONALITY DISORDER FEATURES IN YOUNGER AND OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S312-S312
Author(s):  
Olivia R Noel ◽  
Lisa E Stone ◽  
Daniel L Segal
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Coping Methods ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Development Of Anxiety

Abstract Introduction: Anxiety is a prevalent problem that has been found to be associated with multiple other mental disorders, functional impairments, and poor quality of life. Specifically, it appears that personality may play a major role in anxiety based on preferred dispositional coping methods and presence of normal and dysfunctional personality traits. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between anxiety and personality disorder (PD) features. It was hypothesized that anxiety would have positive associations with the avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive, schizotypal, paranoid, and borderline PD scales. Method: Community-dwelling older adults (N = 130) and younger adults (N = 243) completed the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS) and the Coolidge Axis Two Inventory (CATI) as part of a larger assessment battery. Correlations were computed between the GAS total score and the 14 PD scales from the CATI. Results: Results showed that anxiety was significantly and positively associated with all 14 PD scales. Specifically, as expected, the schizotypal (.52), paranoid (.55), avoidant (.56), obsessive-compulsive (.60), dependent (.62), and borderline (.69) PD scales were all significantly positively associated with anxiety. The remaining 8 PD scales also showed strong, positive correlations with anxiety: sadistic (.27), antisocial (.28), schizoid (.32), histrionic (.42), narcissistic (.44), passive-aggressive (.59), self-defeating (.64), and depressive (.69). Discussion: These results indicate that anxiety and abnormal personality traits are highly associated, showing a strong comorbidity. An implication is that PDs may play a role in the development of anxiety, or vice versa. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify temporal and causative relationships.

scholarly journals General Factors of Psychopathology, Personality, and Personality Disorder: Across Domain Comparisons

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Oltmanns ◽  
Gregory T. Smith ◽  
Thomas F. Oltmanns ◽  
Thomas A. Widiger
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Combined Model ◽  
General Factor Of Personality ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
P Factor

Three separate and distinct literatures exist investigating general factors of psychopathology (p factor), personality (general factor of personality, GFP), and personality disorder (g-PD). Surprisingly, there has been little to no investigation regarding the convergence of these three distinct general factors. In the present investigation, two studies were conducted examining the convergence of the p factor, GFP, and g-PD. In Study 1, a combined model extracting all three factors from self-report data simultaneously found high convergence. The findings for the g-PD and GFP were replicated in Study 2 using multimethod data, wherein the GFP and the g-PD were extracted from a community sample of 1,630 older adults and correlated with an index of maladaptivity. The present findings support the position that general factors of psychopathology, personality disorder, and personality are likely to entail a common individual differences continuum, which may impact on how these general factors are to be understood.

scholarly journals General Factors of Psychopathology, Personality, and Personality Disorder: Across Domain Comparisons

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Oltmanns ◽  
Gregory T. Smith ◽  
Thomas Oltmanns ◽  
Thomas A. Widiger
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Combined Model ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
P Factor

Three separate and distinct literatures exist investigating general factors of psychopathology (p factor), personality (GFP), and personality disorder (g-PD). Surprisingly, there has been little-to-no investigation regarding the convergence of these three distinct general factors. In the present investigation, two studies were conducted examining the convergence of the p factor, GFP, and g-PD. In Study 1, a combined model extracting all three factors from self-report data simultaneously found high convergence. The findings for the g-PD and GFP were replicated in Study 2 using multi-method data, wherein the GFP and the g-PD were extracted from a community sample of 1,630 older adults and correlated with an index of maladaptivity. The present findings support the position that general factors of psychopathology, personality disorder, and personality are likely to entail a common individual differences continuum, which may impact on how these general factors are to be understood.

scholarly journals Five-Factor Model Personality Disorder traits, health behaviors, health perceptions, and insomnia symptoms in older adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Oltmanns ◽  
Thomas A. Widiger
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Health Perceptions ◽  
Categorical Models ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Personality traits predict physical health outcomes including health behaviors, health perceptions, disease, and mortality. Maladaptive traits of personality disorders may predict even more variance in physical health indicators. Dimensional models of maladaptive personality traits are replacing categorical models of personality disorder, and the five-factor model of personality disorder (FFMPD) is a useful dimensional model of maladaptive traits. However, there has been little work investigating the criterion validity of the FFMPD. The present study serves as a broad initial overview of the FFMPD scales in the prediction of health behaviors, heath perceptions, and insomnia symptoms across two timepoints in a representative community sample of older adults (N = 1,060). Findings indicate that the FFMPD scales explain a significant amount of variance in the physical health variables across time. Exploratory analyses indicate that the FFMPD traits have incremental validity over covariates, normal-range personality traits, and personality disorder criteria.

scholarly journals Implementation of the DSM-5 and ICD-11 Dimensional Models of Maladaptive Personality Traits Into Pre-bariatric Assessment

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel D. Riegel ◽  
Judita Konecna ◽  
Martin Matoulek ◽  
Livia Rosova
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychiatric Medication ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Personality Psychopathology ◽  
Age Range

Background: Personality pathology does not have to be a contraindication to a bariatric surgery if a proper pre-surgical assessment is done. Indicating subgroups of patients with their specific needs could help tailor interventions and improve surgical treatment outcomes.Objectives: Using the Alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders (AMPD) and the ICD-11 model for PDs to detect subgroups of patients with obesity based on a specific constellation of maladaptive personality traits and the level of overall personality impairment.Methods: 272 consecutively consented patients who underwent a standard pre-surgical psychological assessment. The majority were women (58.0%), age range was 22–79 years (M = 48.06, SD = 10.70). Patients’ average body mass index (BMI) was 43.95 kg/m2. All participants were administered the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) from which Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Self Report (LPFS-SR) and Standardized Assessment of Severity of Personality Disorder (SASPD) scores were gained using the “crosswalk” for common metric for self-reported severity of personality disorder. The k-means clustering method was used to define specific subgroups of patients with obesity and replicated for equality testing to the samples of non-clinical respondents and psychiatric patients.Results: The cluster analysis detected specific groups in the sample of patients with obesity, which differed quantitatively from the samples of non-clinical respondents and psychiatric patients. A vast majority of patients with obesity showed above-average values in most of the PID-5 facets compared to the United States representative general community sample. In two out of the three clusters defined, patients demonstrated moderate (> M + 1.5 × SD) to severe (> M + 2.0 × SD) personality psychopathology within the Detachment and Negative Affectivity domains according to PID-5, which in one of the clusters corresponded to the mild overall impairment in both, LPFS-SR (M = 2.18, SD = 0.27) and SASPD (M = 8.44, SD = 2.38). Moreover, higher levels of psychopathology prove to be associated with higher age and use of psychiatric medication.Conclusions: The dimensional DSM-5 and ICD-11 trait models are suitable procedures for defining specific “characters” of patients in a pre-bariatric setting. As such, they help to identify subgroups of patients with obesity who are different from general population and psychiatric patients. Implications for clinical practice and further research are discussed.

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