The Structure of Personality Disorders: Comparing the DSM-IV-TR Axis II Classification with the Five-Factor Model Framework Using Structural Equation Modeling

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leen Bastiaansen ◽  
Gina Rossi ◽  
Christiaan Schotte ◽  
Filip De Fruyt
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Dsm Iv

Examining the Conceptual and Empirical Distinctiveness of Agreeableness and “Dark” Personality Items

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Vize ◽  
Josh Miller ◽  
Donald Lynam
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Nomological Network ◽  
Opposite Pole

Objective: A growing research literature has focused on what have been termed “dark” personality traits/constructs. More recently, the “dark factor” of personality has been proposed as a unifying framework for this research (Moshagen et al., 2018). To date, little work has rigorously investigated whether the traits/constructs investigated in the context of the dark factor can be captured by existing models of normative personality, namely Agreeableness from the Five-factor Model. Thus, the “dark factor” may be an instance of the “jangle” fallacy, where two constructs with different names are in fact the same construct. Method: We used a preregistered approach that made use of bass-ackwards factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and nomological network analysis to investigate the distinction between the D factor and Agreeableness. Results: Agreeableness and the D factor were similar in their coverage of antagonistic personality content, strongly negatively related (latent r = -.90), and showed near perfect profile dissimilarity (rICC = -.99). Conclusion: The results suggested that the D factor can be understood as the opposite pole of Agreeableness (i.e., antagonism) and not as a distinct construct. We discuss the implications for researchers interested in continuing to advance the study of antagonistic personality traits.

scholarly journals Comparison of alternative models for personality disorders

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 983-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
LESLIE C. MOREY ◽  
CHRISTOPHER J. HOPWOOD ◽  
JOHN G. GUNDERSON ◽  
ANDREW E. SKODOL ◽  
M. TRACIE SHEA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Categorical Diagnosis ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Dimensional Models ◽  
Marker Variables ◽  
Over Time

Background. The categorical classification system for personality disorder (PD) has been frequently criticized and several alternative dimensional models have been proposed.Method. Antecedent, concurrent and predictive markers of construct validity were examined for three models of PDs: the Five-Factor Model (FFM), the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP) model and the DSM-IV in the Collaborative Study of Personality Disorders (CLPS) sample.Results. All models showed substantial validity across a variety of marker variables over time. Dimensional models (including dimensionalized DSM-IV) consistently outperformed the conventional categorical diagnosis in predicting external variables, such as subsequent suicidal gestures and hospitalizations. FFM facets failed to improve upon the validity of higher-order factors upon cross-validation. Data demonstrated the importance of both stable trait and dynamic psychopathological influences in predicting external criteria over time.Conclusions. The results support a dimensional representation of PDs that assesses both stable traits and dynamic processes.

On the Structure of Affect

2021 ◽  
Vol 229 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Wedderhoff ◽  
Timo Gnambs ◽  
Oliver Wedderhoff ◽  
Tanja Burgard ◽  
Michael Bošnjak
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Correlation Matrices ◽  
The World ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Cross National

Abstract. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson et al., 1988 ) is a popular self-report questionnaire that is administered all over the world. Though originally developed to measure two independent factors, different models have been proposed in the literature. Comparisons among alternative models as well as analyses concerning their robustness in cross-national research have left an inconclusive picture. Therefore, the present study evaluates the dimensionality of the PANAS and differences between English and translated versions of the PANAS using a meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach. Correlation matrices from 57 independent samples ( N = 54,043) were pooled across subsamples. For both English and non-English samples, a correlated two-factor model including correlated uniquenesses provided the best fit. However, measurement invariance analyses indicated differences in factor loadings between subsamples. Thus, cross-national application of the PANAS might only be justified if measurement equivalence was explicitly tested for the countries at hand.

Examining the quantitative determinants of organizational performance: evidence from China

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Ramudu Bhanugopan ◽  
Pamela Lockhart
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Organization Theory ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation And Technology

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to examine the determinants of organizational performance (OP) of business enterprises located in China and to explore how individual demographic and organizational characteristics affect OP. Design/methodology/approach – This study applies quantitative methods to examine the OP. Data were collected from 405 managers across 306 organizations in China. Findings – The study finds that, overall, OP is related to five factors, namely, finance and customer, internal business, work satisfaction, pay and benefits and innovation and technology (INT). The results from this study provide new perspectives and support the overall validity of the nomological network of OP factors. The findings also provide guidelines on which perspectives of performance organizations should be enhanced. Practical implications – The five-factor model of OP provides benefit to any organization or individual who intends to examine OP in China. In addition, the findings suggest that organizations should explore ways to enforce their performance. The findings also inform organizational decision makers about practices for performance improvement. Originality/value – The present study was undertaken to advance understanding of OP in China in several ways. The most significant element of this study was the five-factor performance model generated from the structural equation modeling analysis. The results from MANOVA highlight the potential impact of organization theory on how demographic and organizational variables influence OP in China.

Structural Equation Modeling with Factors and Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ned Kock
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
A Algorithm ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Full Information Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Common Factor Model ◽  
Path Coefficients

Recent methodological developments building on partial least squares (PLS) techniques and related ideas have significantly contributed to bridging the gap between factor-based and composite-based structural equation modeling (SEM) methods. PLS-SEM is extensively used in the field of e-collaboration, as well as in many other fields where multivariate statistical analyses are employed. The author compares results obtained with four methods: covariance-based SEM with full information maximum likelihood (FIML), factor-based SEM with common factor model assumptions (FSEM1), factor-based SEM building on the PLS Regression algorithm (FSEM2), and PLS-SEM employing the Mode A algorithm (PLSA). The comparison suggests that FSEM1 yields path coefficients and loadings that are very similar to FIML's; and that FSEM2 yields path coefficients that are very similar to FIML's and loadings that are very similar to PLSA's.

A New Dimension of Organizational Justice: Procedural Voice

2009 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Jepsen ◽  
John Rodwell
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Wide Range

Dimensionality of the Colquitt justice measures was investigated across a wide range of service occupations. Structural equation modeling of data from 410 survey respondents found support for the 4-factor model of justice (procedural, distributive, interpersonal, and informational), although significant improvement of model fit was obtained by including a new latent variable, “procedural voice,” which taps employees' desire to express their views and feelings and influence results. The model was confirmed in a second sample ( N = 505) in the same organization six months later.

scholarly journals Comparison of alternative models for personality disorders, II: 6-, 8- and 10-year follow-up

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1705-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Morey ◽  
C. J. Hopwood ◽  
J. C. Markowitz ◽  
J. G. Gunderson ◽  
C. M. Grilo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Characteristic Features

BackgroundSeveral conceptual models have been considered for the assessment of personality pathology in DSM-5. This study sought to extend our previous findings to compare the long-term predictive validity of three such models: the Five-Factor Model (FFM), the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP), and DSM-IV personality disorders (PDs).MethodAn inception cohort from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorder Study (CLPS) was followed for 10 years. Baseline data were used to predict long-term outcomes, including functioning, Axis I psychopathology, and medication use.ResultsEach model was significantly valid, predicting a host of important clinical outcomes. Lower-order elements of the FFM system were not more valid than higher-order factors, and DSM-IV diagnostic categories were less valid than dimensional symptom counts. Approaches that integrate normative traits and personality pathology proved to be most predictive, as the SNAP, a system that integrates normal and pathological traits, generally showed the largest validity coefficients overall, and the DSM-IV PD syndromes and FFM traits tended to provide substantial incremental information relative to one another.ConclusionsDSM-5 PD assessment should involve an integration of personality traits with characteristic features of PDs.

Childhood antecedents of personality disorder: An alternative perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Widiger ◽  
Barbara De Clercq ◽  
Filip De Fruyt
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Childhood Antecedents

AbstractOne of the fundamental limitations of theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition, Text Revision(DSM-IV-TR) categorical model of personality disorder classification has been the lack of a strong scientific foundation, including an understanding of childhood antecedents. TheDSM-IV-TRpersonality disorders, however, do appear to be well understood as maladaptive variants of the domains and facets of the general personality structure as conceptualized within the five-factor model (FFM). Integrating the classification of personality disorder with the FFM brings to an understanding of the personality disorders a considerable body of scientific research on childhood antecedents. The temperaments and traits of childhood do appear to be antecedent to the FFM of adult personality structure, and these temperament and traits of childhood and adolescence are the likely antecedents for adult personality disorder, providing further support for the conceptualization of the adult personality disorders as maladaptive variants of the domains and facets of the FFM. Conceptualizing personality disorders in terms of the FFM thereby provides a basis for integrating the classification of abnormal and normal personality functioning across the life span.

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