Reduced Self-Referential Source Memory Performance is Associated with Interpersonal Dysfunction in Borderline Personality Disorder

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Minzenberg ◽  
Melissa Fisher-Irving ◽  
John H. Poole ◽  
Sophia Vinogradov
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Interpersonal Dysfunction

Progression from interpersonal problems to suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Allen ◽  
Michael Hallquist ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright ◽  
Alexandre Dombrovski
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Interpersonal Dysfunction ◽  
Suicidal Crisis

Importance: Clinicians treating borderline personality disorder (BPD) are often faced with the difficult challenge of assessing when, and for whom, risk for suicide is greatest. Addressing this dilemma requires longitudinal, prospective data from high-risk samples with an elevated base rate of suicide attempts.Objective: To test whether dispositional characteristics modulate the pathway from interpersonal dysfunction to suicide in BPD. Design: This longitudinal, observational study was conducted between 1990 and 2020. Data were analyzed between April and July 2020. Participants were assessed annually for up to 30 years (mean number of follow-ups = 7.82). Setting: Participants were recruited from inpatient, outpatient, and community referral sources.Participants: 458 individuals (Mean age = 28.59, 77% female) diagnosed with BPD.Main Outcomes and Measures: Presence or absence of a suicide attempt within one year of each follow-up assessment. Multilevel structural equation modeling was used to 1) examine longitudinal, within-person transitions from interpersonal dysfunction to suicidal ideation to suicide attempts (i.e., the [I]nterpersonal-[I]deation-[A]ttempt pathway); and 2) evaluate whether two maladaptive personality dimensions, negative affect and disinhibition, moderated these transitions.Results: At the within-person level, there was support for the I-I-A pathway: suicidal ideation accounted for the association between interpersonal dysfunction and suicide attempts. Personality further moderated each component of the I-I-A pathway: negative affect was associated with a stronger coupling between interpersonal dysfunction and ideation; and disinhibition was associated with a stronger coupling between ideation and attempts. Conclusions and Relevance: The escalation from interpersonal difficulties to a suicidal crisis in BPD involves two psychologically distinct process. An internalizing process links interpersonal dysfunction to suicidal ideation and is facilitated by trait negative. An additional externalizing process links suicidal ideation to suicide attempts, and is facilitated by trait disinhibition. Assessment of these intra- and interindividual risk factors may inform clinical decisions about when, and for whom, crisis intervention is necessary.

Understanding Interpersonal Dysfunction in Borderline Personality Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie Miano ◽  
Isabel Dziobek ◽  
Stefan Roepke
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Empathic Accuracy ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
The Core ◽  
Interpersonal Difficulties ◽  
Interpersonal Dysfunction

The core interpersonal dysfunction in borderline personality disorder (BPD) has not yet been conclusively explained. We used a naturalistic dyadic paradigm to test for the presence of functional empathic inaccuracy in BPD, which is a reduced understanding of the partner’s feelings in relationship-threatening situations. A total of 64 heterosexual couples ( N = 128) were videotaped while engaging in (a) neutral (favorite films), (b) personally threatening (personal fears), and (c) relationship-threatening (separation from partner) conversations. Females were either diagnosed with BPD or healthy controls. Empathic accuracy (EA) was measured from the recorded interactions. Healthy couples’ EA was lower during relationship-threatening compared with personally threatening situations. In contrast, women with BPD showed increased EA, relative to the controls, for relationship- versus personally threatening situations. Reduced EA in response to relationship-threatening situations is likely to be relationship protective. This mechanism appears to be defective in women with BPD, which might explain the interpersonal difficulties experienced by BPD individuals.

The Relationship Between Self-Reported Attachment Styles, Interpersonal Dysfunction, and Borderline Personality Disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 197 (11) ◽  
pp. 816-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois W. Choi-Kain ◽  
Garrett M. Fitzmaurice ◽  
Mary C. Zanarini ◽  
Olivier Laverdière ◽  
John G. Gunderson
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Interpersonal Dysfunction ◽  
The Relationship

Influence of emotional distraction on working memory performance in borderline personality disorder

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 2181-2192 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Krause-Utz ◽  
N. Y. L. Oei ◽  
I. Niedtfeld ◽  
M. Bohus ◽  
P. Spinhoven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Dissociative States ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Emotional Distraction

BackgroundEmotion dysregulation, characterized by heightened emotional arousal and increased emotional sensitivity, is a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Although current theories emphasize the disruptive potential of negative emotions on cognitive functioning in BPD, behavioral and neurobiological data on this relationship are still lacking.MethodUsing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), neural activity was investigated in 22 unmedicated BPD patients and 22 healthy participants (matched for age, education and intelligence) performing an adapted Sternberg working memory task, while being distracted by emotional (negatively arousing) and neutral pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS).ResultsEmotional distraction was associated with significantly higher activation in the amygdala and decreased activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), extending findings of previous studies in healthy individuals. Patients with BPD showed significantly longer reaction times (RTs) along with significantly higher activation in the amygdala and insula during emotional distraction compared to healthy participants, suggesting that they were more distracted by emotional pictures during the working memory task. Moreover, in the group of BPD patients, a significant negative correlation was found between activation in limbic brain regions and self-reports of current dissociative states.ConclusionsOur findings suggest hyper-responsiveness to emotionally distracting pictures in BPD patients that negatively affects working memory performance. This stresses the importance of emotion dysregulation in the context of cognitive functioning. Moreover, our findings suggest that dissociative states have a dampening effect on neural reactivity during emotional challenge in BPD.

scholarly journals Impaired memory for cooperative interaction partners in borderline personality disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Niedtfeld ◽  
Meike Kroneisen
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Cooperative Interaction ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
Interaction Partners

Abstract Background Interpersonal disturbances in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) have been attributed to a negativity bias in social cognition. Adding to this literature, we experimentally tested whether those with BPD show altered memory for cooperative versus non-cooperative interaction partners. Methods In a source memory paradigm, 51 female BPD patients and 50 healthy controls (HC) played a trust game with 40 different female target characters (trustworthy vs untrustworthy). In a subsequent surprise memory test, participants had to recognize those target individuals (vs distractor pictures), and had to recall whether they had shown cooperative behavior during the trust game. We hypothesized that BPD patients have better memory for uncooperative interaction partners as compared to cooperative interaction partners, and that a-priori expectations of untrustworthiness would influence recall. Results During the trust game, BPD individuals invested lower amounts of money than HC for trustworthy targets, but no differences were found for untrustworthy targets. During the memory test, BPD patients had significant difficulties to remember cooperative targets, as compared to HC. More specifically, those with BPD indicated more often than HC that they had not previously interacted with cooperative targets of the previous trust game. We did not detect any differences between BPD and HC in source memory, or with regard to the effects of trustworthiness expectations. Conclusions The observed tendency to forget cooperative interaction partners in BPD is possibly caused by dysfunctional cognitive schemas. At the same time, it might also corroborate patients’ assumptions that others are untrustworthy, thereby fuelling interpersonal disturbances in BPD.

Negative Affectivity and Disinhibition as Moderators of an Interpersonal Pathway to Suicidal Behavior in Borderline Personality Disorder

2022 ◽  
pp. 216770262110566
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Allen ◽  
Michael N. Hallquist ◽  
Aidan G. C. Wright ◽  
Alexandre Y. Dombrovski
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Interpersonal Dysfunction

In this longitudinal study, we examined whether personality traits moderate the link between interpersonal dysfunction and suicidal behavior in a high-risk sample of 458 individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Participants were assessed annually for up to 30 years (mean number of follow-ups = 7.82). Using multilevel structural equation modeling, we examined (a) longitudinal, within-persons relationships among interpersonal dysfunction, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts and (b) moderation of these relationships by negative affectivity and disinhibition. Negative affectivity predicted a stronger within-persons coupling between interpersonal dysfunction and suicidal ideation. Disinhibition predicted a stronger coupling between ideation and suicide attempts. Assessing negative affectivity and disinhibition in a treatment setting may guide clinician vigilance toward people at highest risk for interpersonally triggered suicidal behaviors.

Autobiographical Memory Impairment in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Quantitative Meta-Analysis Interpreted in Terms of the CaR-FA-X Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 818-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eszter Beran ◽  
Mara J. Richman ◽  
Zsolt Unoka
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Effect Sizes

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by impaired functioning of autobiographical memory (AM). We use a quantitative meta-analysis to assess AM performance in adults diagnosed with BPD as compared to healthy controls (HC). Moderator variables included type of autobiographical memory as well as clinical and demographic variables. Large significant deficits were seen in the BPD group in comparison to the HC group. In the BPD group, effect sizes were large for overgenerality, omission, and specific memories, while not significant for recall. Age influenced the performance of the BPD group; in addition, there was a significant interaction between age and specificity of memory. Gender and IQ did not influence memory performance. Our results confirm that BPD patients show impairment in AM. We explain these impairments in terms of the CaR-FA-X model, based on mechanisms of capture and rumination, functional avoidance, and impaired executive control.

scholarly journals Subjective memory complaints and memory performance in patients with borderline personality disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Beblo ◽  
Christoph Mensebach ◽  
Katja Wingenfeld ◽  
Nina Rullkoetter ◽  
Nicole Schlosser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Subjective Memory Complaints ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Memory Complaints

scholarly journals Don't Make Me Angry: Frustration-Induced Anger and Its Link to Aggression in Women With Borderline Personality Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Bertsch ◽  
Sarah Back ◽  
Aleya Flechsenhar ◽  
Corinne Neukel ◽  
Marlene Krauch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Interpersonal Dysfunction ◽  
Before And After

Aggression is a prominent interpersonal dysfunction of individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD). In BPD aggression is predominantly reactive in nature, often triggered by frustration, provocation, or social threat and is associated with intense anger and an inability to regulate this strong, negative emotion. Building on previous research, we were interested in investigating negative emotionality in general and anger in particular in women with BPD before and after frustration induction. To achieve this, 60 medication-free women with BPD and 32 healthy women rated the intensity of negative emotions (angry, frustrated, upset, embarrassed, nervous) before and after performing a Titrated Mirror Tracing Task, which reliably induces frustration and distress. As expected, women with BPD reported significantly greater intensity of negative emotions before and after frustration than healthy women. Specifically, they showed a significantly stronger frustration-induced increase in anger, while other negative emotions remained unaffected by frustration induction. This anger increase was significantly related to aggressive behavior reported in the 2 weeks prior to the experiment, as well as to the level of frustration experienced in the experiment itself, but not with emotion dysregulation. The current data confirm the important role of frustration-induced anger independent of emotion dysregulation in BPD, in particular with regard to aggression, a prominent interpersonal dysfunction of this disorder. These findings underline the importance of interventions with particular focus on anger.

scholarly journals Higher Executive Control and Visual Memory Performance Predict Treatment Completion in Borderline Personality Disorder

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Fertuck ◽  
John Keilp ◽  
Inkyung Song ◽  
Melissa C. Morris ◽  
Scott T. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Treatment Completion ◽  
Borderline Personality
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