A Prototype Matching Approach to Diagnosing Personality Disorders: Toward DSM-V

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew Westen ◽  
Jonathan Shedler
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Prototype Matching ◽  
Dsm V

The Kinds of Personality Disorders of The Main Character in Inside Out Movie Script

CALL ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firman Nur Zaman ◽  
Udayani Permanaludin
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychoanalytic Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Movie Script ◽  
Inside Out

Movie script is a narrative literary wok that has intrinsic elements in it, that the intrinsic elements are theme, setting, point of view, plot, moral value, and last but not least are character and characterization. Movie script that are visualized into movies are categorized as modern dramas. Nowdays, the movie is used as a medium of entertainment and as a medium for delivering messages. This research aims to find two things, that is the personality disorders experienced by the main character in “Inside Out” movie script by Pete Docter. In this research, the researcher uses Sigmun Freud’s psychoanalytic theory (1923), and assisted by other supporting theories. The result of the research found that there were eight types of personality disorders of ten types of personality disorders. This research uses DSM-V (2013) as a reference for discussion of personality disorders.Keywords: Personality Disorder, Main Character, Inside Out Movie, Riley, Author, Dialogue, Narration.

Personality, Relationships, and Decision Making with Relational Dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Bathory
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
Relational Dynamics ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Variable Probability

Within the field of Economics there is great interest in predicting the future. In creating Economic Models the rationale has been to create fixed equations that can account for all variables associated with the issues of capital, labor, wages, prices, tariffs and taxes but few models explored the human variable. Probability Statistics bases decision making models upon mathematical predictions. Game Theory is an economic model that begins to explain the rationale of human decision making, but fails to account for flawed thinking and pathology. Relational Dynamics attempts to provide a means of understanding the strategies used in communication and decision making. Within humanity, not all decisions are made rationally and to account for illogical choices, psychology has provided theories of pathology to explain human idiosyncrasies. This paper will explore personality disorders as described by the DSM V and Relational Dynamics in an attempt to understand how pathology influences relationships, decision making and behavioral economics.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Big Five Personality Dimensions, Chronotype, and DSM-V Personality Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Staller ◽  
Christoph Randler
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Clock Time ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dsm V

Morningness-eveningness (M/E) is an important variable in individual differences and has an impact on many areas of life including general and mental health. In previous work eveningness has shown to correlate to personality disorders (PDs) and mental instability such as psychoticism, depression, and bipolar disorders. Therefore, a relationship between M/E and PDs can be assumed but has never been tested. The aim of this study was to assess a possible relationship between DSM-5-PDs and circadian timing (chronotype; M/E). We used the Morningness-Eveningness Stability Scale improved and clock time-based measurements, the PID-5 brief version, and the Big Five brief version. Sample: N = 630; mean age: 27.76 years, SD: 11.36 years; 137 male, 489 female, 4 diverse. In this short screening a relationship between eveningness and DSM-5-personality traits, (evening-oriented participants showing a higher PID-5 score: morningness -0.208/p < 0.001; eveningness: 0.153/p < 0.001) was found. Moreover, participants with high levels of distinctness (fluctuations of the perceived energy level during the day) are prone to PDs too, with distinctness being the best predictor for a high PID-5 score in this sample (0.299/p < 0.001). In the regression analysis, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion contributed significantly to the model with higher scores on extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness being related to lower scores on the PID-5. Neuroticism was positively related to PID-5 scores. Later midpoint of sleep (higher eveningness) was associated with higher PID-5 scores, as were higher fluctuations/amplitude during the day.

Assessment of Personality Disorders and Related Traits: Bridging DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5

2012 ◽  
pp. 107-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Miller ◽  
Lauren R. Few ◽  
Thomas A. Widiger
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Prototype Matching ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Many ◽  
Diagnostic Criterion

The assessment of personality disorders and related traits is at an important crossroads with the imminent release of DSM-5. In this chapter we first review assessment techniques and measures as they pertain to the DSM-IV-TR personality disorders and pathological personality traits, focusing in particular on the many self-report inventories and semistructured interviews that have been developed. Second, we discuss the proposed changes to the diagnosis of personality disorder in DSM-5, which are substantial, and their ramifications for the assessment of personality disorder, including the (now abandoned) proposal to replace explicit diagnostic criterion sets with a prototype matching technique, the proposal to delete and/or shift a number of diagnoses from the personality disorders section, the provision of a new dimensional trait model of personality pathology, and the provision of new rating of impairment pertaining to self and interpersonal functioning.

Personality problems and disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Burns ◽  
Mike Firn
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Outreach Workers ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Icd 10

This chapter deals with the controversial issue of personality disorder, whether these are meaningful diagnoses and, if so, how they affect management. The classification is entirely pragmatic: the definitions and classification in both ICD-10 and DSM-V are outlined along with proposals to abandon categories in favour of a dimensional approach. The issue of treatability is explored, but we conclude that ignoring personality and personality disorders is not a viable alternative for outreach workers. Most of the chapter deals with the management of dissocial personality disorder (usually in men) and borderline personality disorder (usually in women). Specific psychotherapies are not dealt with here; the focus is on how to use team work to manage individuals with severe mental illness and disorders of personality.

Systematic review of psychotherapeutic treatments for “minor” personality disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1032-1032
Author(s):  
K. Lieb ◽  
J. Staffers ◽  
B. Völlm
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Health Care Settings ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Overall Functioning

IntroductionAmong personality disorders (PDs), antisocial and borderline personality disorder are well-studied. However, the remaining PDs (in the following called “minor PDs”) pose major problems in everyday-health care settings. People affected often present with additional axis-l disorders such as substance-related, mood or anxiety disorders, and are among those most difficult to treat.ObjectivesTo systematically review the current evidence of psychotherapeutic treatments for “minor” personality disordersMethodsIn the context of Cochrane Collaboration reviews for Cluster A, B and C PDs, exhaustive literature searches were done to identify the current RCT evidence for PD treatments. The electronic search strategies were extended to identify also non-RCT evidence for minor PD treatments. Retrievals were assessed and evaluated by two reviewers independently.ResultsThe current evidence for psychotherapeutic treatments of minor PDs is sparse and based on mixed PD samples with co-morbid axis-l disorders in the majority of cases. Reported outcomes focus on specific axis-l disorders or general measures such as overall functioning.ConclusionsThe current evidence is scarce and does not allow for distinct treatment recommendations but undermines the importance of meeting special demands of PD patients by PD-specific treatments. Possible reasons for the paucity of research in this regard will be discussed, also in the light of future developments after DSM-V.

Systematic review of psychotherapeutic treatments for “minor” personality disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 2106-2106
Author(s):  
K. Lieb ◽  
J. Stoffers ◽  
B. Völlm
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Axis I Disorders ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Overall Functioning

IntroductionAmong personality disorders (PDs), antisocial and borderline personality disorder are well-studied. However, the remaining PDs (in the following called “minor PDs”) pose major problems in everyday-health care settings. People affected often present with additional axis-I disorders such as substance-related, mood or anxiety disorders, and are among those most difficult to treat.ObjectivesTo systematically review the current evidence of psychotherapeutic treatments for “minor” personality disordersMethodsIn the context of Cochrane Collaboration reviews for Cluster A, B and C PDs, exhaustive literature searches were done to identify the current RCT evidence for PD treatments. The electronic search strategies were extended to identify also non-RCT evidence for minor PD treatments. Retrievals were assessed and evaluated by two reviewers independently.ResultsThe current evidence for psychotherapeutic treatments of minor PDs is sparse and based on mixed PD samples with co-morbid axis-I disorders in the majority of cases. Reported outcomes focus on specific axis-I disorders or general measures such as overall functioning.ConclusionsThe current evidence is scarce and does not allow for distinct treatment recommendations but undermines the importance of meeting special demands of PD patients by PD-specific treatments. Possible reasons for the paucity of research in this regard will be discussed, also in the light of future developments after DSM-V.

scholarly journals The psychoses: Cluster 3 of the proposed meta-structure for DSM-V and ICD-11

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2025-2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Carpenter ◽  
J. R. Bustillo ◽  
G. K. Thaker ◽  
J. van Os ◽  
R. F. Krueger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundIn an effort to group mental disorders on the basis of etiology, five clusters have been proposed. Here we consider the validity of the cluster comprising selected psychotic and related disorders.MethodA group of diagnostic entities classified under schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders in DSM-IV-TR were assigned to this cluster and the bordering disorders, bipolar (BD) and schizotypal personality disorders (SPD), were included. We then reviewed the literature in relation to 11 validating criteria proposed by the DSM-V Task Force Study Group.ResultsRelevant comparisons on the 11 spectrum criteria are rare for the included disorders except for schizophrenia and the two border conditions, BD and SPD. The core psychosis group is congruent at the level of shared psychotic psychopathology and response to antipsychotic medication. BD and SPD are exceptions in that psychosis is not typical in BD-II disorder and frank psychosis is excluded in SPD. There is modest similarity between schizophrenia and BD relating to risk factors, neural substrates, cognition and endophenotypes, but key differences are noted. There is greater support for a spectrum relationship of SPD and schizophrenia. Antecedent temperament, an important validator for other groupings, has received little empirical study in the various psychotic disorders.ConclusionsThe DSM-IV-TR grouping of psychotic disorders is supported by tradition and shared psychopathology, but few data exist across these diagnoses relating to the 11 spectrum criteria. The case for including BD is modest, and the relationship of BD to other mood disorders is addressed elsewhere. Evidence is stronger for inclusion of SPD, but the relationship with other personality disorders along the 11 criteria is not addressed and the absence of psychosis presents a conceptual problem. There are no data along the 11 spectrum criteria that are decisive for a cluster based on etiology, and inclusion of BD and SPD is questionable.

The relevance of a geriatric sub-classification of personality disorders in the DSM-V

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. J. van Alphen ◽  
G. J. J. A. Engelen ◽  
Y. Kuin ◽  
J. J. L. Derksen
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Dsm V
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