Preliminary Data about the Validation of a Self-Report for the Assessment of Interpersonal Guilt: The Interpersonal Guilt Rating Scales–15s (IGRS-15s)

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Gazzillo ◽  
Bernard Gorman ◽  
Emma De Luca ◽  
Filippo Faccini ◽  
Marshall Bush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interpersonal Guilt

Articles Published in EJPA 2009–2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuulia M. Ortner ◽  
Isabella Vormittag
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Assessment ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Broad Scope ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

With reference to EJPA’s unique and broad scope, the current study analyzed the characteristics of the authors as well as the topics and research aims of the 69 empirical articles published in the years 2009–2010. Results revealed that more than one third of the articles were written by authors affiliated with more than one country. With reference to their research aims, an almost comparable number of articles (1) presented a new measure, (2) dealt with adaptations of measures, or (3) dealt with further research on existing measures. Analyses also revealed that most articles did not address any particular field of application. The second largest group was comprised of articles related to the clinical field, followed by the health-related field of application. The majority of all articles put their focus on investigating questionnaires or rating scales, and only a small number of articles investigated procedures classified as tests or properties of interviews. As to further characteristics of the method(s) used, a majority of EJPA contributions addressed self-report data. Results are discussed with reference to publication demands as well as the current and future challenges and demands of psychological assessment.

Neurodevelopmental disorders among Spanish school-age children: prevalence and sociodemographic correlates

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Rosa Bosch ◽  
Mireia Pagerols ◽  
Cristina Rivas ◽  
Laura Sixto ◽  
Laura Bricollé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
School Type ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Sociodemographic Correlates

Abstract Background Prevalence estimates of neurodevelopmental disorders (ND) are essential for treatment planning. However, epidemiological research has yielded highly variable rates across countries, including Spain. This study examined the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of ND in a school sample of Spanish children and adolescents. Methods The Child Behaviour Checklist/Teacher's Report Form/Youth Self-Report and the Conners' Rating Scales were administered for screening purposes. Additionally, teachers provided information on reading and writing difficulties. Subjects who screened positive were interviewed for diagnostic confirmation according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. The final population comprised 6834 students aged 5–17. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine the influence of gender, age, educational stage, school type, socioeconomic status (SES), and ethnicity on the prevalence estimates. Results A total of 1249 (18.3%) subjects met criteria for at least one ND, although only 423 had already received a diagnosis. Specifically, the following prevalence rates were found: intellectual disabilities (ID), 0.63%; communication disorders, 1.05%; autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 0.70%; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 9.92%; specific learning disorder (SLD), 10.0%; and motor disorders, 0.76%. Students of foreign origin and from low SES evidenced higher odds of having ID. Boys were more likely to display ASD or a motor disorder. Age, SES, and ethnicity were significant predictors for SLD, while communication disorders and ADHD were also associated with gender. Conclusions The prevalence of ND among Spanish students is consistent with international studies. However, a substantial proportion had never been previously diagnosed, which emphasise the need for early detection and intervention programmes.

Genetic and environmental influences on the relationship between adult ADHD symptoms and self-reported problem drinking in 6024 Dutch twins

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 2673-2683 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Derks ◽  
J. M. Vink ◽  
G. Willemsen ◽  
W. van den Brink ◽  
D. I. Boomsma
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Dutch Twins

BackgroundCross-sectional and longitudinal studies have shown a positive association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and problematic alcohol use in adults. To what extent this association is explained by genetic and environmental factors is largely unknown.MethodData on ADHD and alcohol consumption were collected by self-report in 6024 adult Dutch twins. ADHD symptoms were assessed by three subscales of the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales – Self-Report: Screening Version (CAARS–S:SV): inattentiveness, hyperactivity and the ADHD index (ADHD-I). Problem drinking was defined as at least two self-reported alcohol-related problems on the CAGE questionnaire. Structural equation modelling was applied to the bivariate twin data to estimate genetic and environmental influences.ResultsHeritability of ADHD symptoms ranged between 32% and 40% and heritability of problem drinking was 50%. The positive correlation between ADHD symptoms and problem drinking was confirmed in this general population sample, with phenotypic correlations between 0.20 and 0.28 and genetic correlations between 0.39 and 0.50. Phenotypic correlations are primarily (61–100%) explained by genetic influences with non-shared environmental influences explaining the remaining covariance. No significant quantitative or qualitative gender differences in covariance structure were found.ConclusionsThis study convincingly shows that ADHD symptoms and problem drinking are moderately but significantly correlated in adults and that genetic correlations are primarily underlying this association. This suggests that early interventions are required to prevent adolescents with ADHD from developing problematic levels of alcohol use. Furthermore, clinicians who treat alcohol-dependent patients should be aware that the patient may have a co-morbid condition of ADHD; integrated interventions are required.

scholarly journals M12. INCREASED SAFETY BEHAVIOR IN SUBJECTS WITH CHILDHOOD TRAUMA AND DELUSIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S137-S138
Author(s):  
Frauke Conring ◽  
Nicole Gangl ◽  
Sebastian Walther ◽  
Florian Wüthrich ◽  
Lea Schäppi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Interpersonal Distance ◽  
Safety Behavior ◽  
Safety Behaviour ◽  
Interpersonal Space

Abstract Background Personal space is the safe area around us causing discomfort when violated by others. Previous research has shown that our need for personal space can be shaped by previous and current experiences. For instance, childhood maltreatment is associated with altered personal space in healthy controls. Additionally, space regulation is altered in schizophrenia (with personal space being increased in patients with paranoia). Whether childhood maltreatment and dimensions of delusions are associated with increased safety behaviour in patients with schizophrenia is unknown. We therefore aim to test the association of childhood trauma and delusions with interpersonal distance in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Methods We assessed childhood trauma (CT) in both, healthy subjects and schizophrenia patients (matched for age, gender and education) with the childhood trauma scale. This scale is a self-report screening tool for experiences of abuse & neglect during childhood. Additionally, we assessed delusions in schizophrenia patients, using the dimensions of delusional experience scale (DDE), which includes ‘conviction’, ‘extension’, ‘bizarreness’, ‘disorganization’, and ‘pressure’ dimensions. We compared the interpersonal distance (stop-distance test) and comfort ratings at predetermined distances (fixed-distance test) between subjects with low/medium and high CT ratings. Likewise, interpersonal distance and comfort ratings of patients with and without delusions were compared. Results In our preliminary data (n = 27), subjects with high CT ratings showed an increased need for interpersonal space compared to subjects with low/medium CT. Additionally, the high CT group showed reduced comfort ratings at varying fixed distances. Likewise, patients with delusions had an increased interpersonal space and reduced comfort at fixed distances. Moreover, interpersonal space was associated with the severity of childhood trauma, and in particular with emotional neglect. Finally, interpersonal distance was associated with the degree to which the delusional belief involves various areas of patients’ lives (‘extension’ dimension of the DDE). Discussion Our preliminary data suggests that childhood maltreatment and dimensions of delusions are associated with increased safety behaviour in patients with schizophrenia. These findings are in line with previous studies, which found associations of interpersonal distance and childhood maltreatment in healthy controls as well as paranoia in patients with schizophrenia. Our findings are of particular interest, as increased safety behaviour may impact social functioning (i.e. lead to more social withdrawal) in patients with schizophrenia.

Quantification and Psychological Indicators of Emotions: The Content Analysis of Speech and other Objective Measures of Psychological States

1974 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis A. Gottschalk
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Verbal Behavior ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Valid Measurement ◽  
The Subject

Reliable and valid measurement of affects, emotions, and moods has posed a problem for psychiatric and psychophysiological research as the demand has grown for more sensitive, precise, and objective assessment methods than the method of clinical impressionistic evaluation. There are three major methods in current use for assessing these psychological variables: self-report scales, behavioral rating scales, and the content analysis of verbal behavior. Self-report inventories give an individual an opportunity to describe his subjective state, and their major advantage is that what the person is actually experiencing may not be correctly perceived by external observers. Disadvantages of the self-report method include the possibility that the subject may malinger or fake or may not be in good communication with his own feelings so that he gives a distorted report about them. Psychiatric rating scales have the advantage of putting a trained observer to the task of assessment, and the clinician rater has the option of using a broad range of behavioral and affective cues, verbal and nonverbal, in following this method. But since such raters are not free from systematic distortion and thorough familiarity with the subject of observation is infrequent, all relevant information to make a valid assessment is often not available. Moreover, different interviewers may evoke varying emotional responses from the same person. Objective content analysis of verbal behavior can avoid most of the shortcomings of the self-report and observer rating methods, so long as reasonably standardized procedures are used for eliciting verbal behavior and other key features of scientific methodology are followed. A disadvantage of the content analysis method is that it is time-consuming and requires training and quality checks to carry out accurate content analysis coding. On the other hand, reliable and valid measurement procedures in all fields of research take time and care. A brief review is provided of the variety of findings and applications of the content analyses method of measuring feeling states, and these applications include the research areas of psychotherapy, psychophysiology, and neuropsycho-pharmacology.

Clinical Rating Scales for OCD

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph F. McGuire ◽  
Eric A. Storch ◽  
Wayne Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Child Report ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
Clinical Rating

Evidence-based assessment is a cornerstone for evidence-based treatment. This chapter provides an introduction to commonly used rating scales of OCD symptom severity for an evidence-based assessment. This includes clinician-administered measures, self-report, and parent-and-child report rating scales. Given the importance of OCD symptom dimensions, this chapter also presents measures to assess specific OCD symptom dimensions. The chapter concludes with considerations for selecting rating scales as part of an evidence-based assessment for children and adults with OCD.

scholarly journals Item Response Theory Analyses of Barkley’s Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scales

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1094-1108
Author(s):  
Morgan E Nitta ◽  
Brooke E Magnus ◽  
Paul S Marshall ◽  
James B Hoelzle
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Latent Traits

Abstract There are many challenges associated with assessment and diagnosis of ADHD in adulthood. Utilizing the graded response model (GRM) from item response theory (IRT), a comprehensive item-level analysis of adult ADHD rating scales in a clinical population was conducted with Barkley's Adult ADHD Rating Scale-IV, Self-Report of Current Symptoms (CSS), a self-report diagnostic checklist and a similar self-report measure quantifying retrospective report of childhood symptoms, Barkley's Adult ADHD Rating Scale-IV, Self-Report of Childhood Symptoms (BAARS-C). Differences in item functioning were also considered after identifying and excluding individuals with suspect effort. Items associated with symptoms of inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (H/I) are endorsed differently across the lifespan, and these data suggest that they vary in their relationship to the theoretical constructs of IA and H/I. Screening for sufficient effort did not meaningfully change item level functioning. The application IRT to direct item-to-symptom measures allows for a unique psychometric assessment of how the current DSM-5 symptoms represent latent traits of IA and H/I. Meeting a symptom threshold of five or more symptoms may be misleading. Closer attention given to specific symptoms in the context of the clinical interview and reported difficulties across domains may lead to more informed diagnosis.

Reliability, Validity, Factor Structure, and Measurement Invariance of the Japanese Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-349
Author(s):  
Fumio Someki ◽  
Masafumi Ohnishi ◽  
Mikael Vejdemo-Johansson ◽  
Kazuhiko Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
North American ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Scalar Invariance ◽  
Adhd Rating Scales

To examine reliability, validity, factor structure, and measurement invariance (i.e., configural, metric, and scalar invariance) of the Japanese Conners’ Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Rating Scales (CAARS), Japanese nonclinical adults ( N = 786) completed the CAARS Self-Report (CAARS-S). Each participant was also rated by one observer using the CAARS Observer Form (CAARS-O). For the test of measurement invariance, excerpts from the original (North American) CAARS norming data ( N = 500) were used. Dimensional structure was examined by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Test–retest reliability, internal consistency, and concurrent validity were satisfactory. Based on the DSM-IV model and Japanese four-factor model, configural and metric invariance were established for the CAARS-S/O across Japanese and North American populations. Scalar invariance was established for the CAARS-O based on the Japanese model. The use of the Japanese CAARS for diagnostic purposes in Japan was supported; however, it should be used with caution for cross-cultural comparison research.

Validity of Self-Report and Informant Rating Scales of Adult ADHD Symptoms in Comparison With a Semistructured Diagnostic Interview

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Páll Magnússon ◽  
Jakob Smári ◽  
Dagbjörg Sigurðardóttir ◽  
Gísli Baldursson ◽  
Jón Sigmundsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adhd Symptoms

scholarly journals The Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome-Quality of Life Scale for Children and Adolescents (C&A-GTS-QOL): Development and Validation of the Italian Version

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea E. Cavanna ◽  
Chiara Luoni ◽  
Claudia Selvini ◽  
Rosanna Blangiardo ◽  
Clare M. Eddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Quality Of Life Scale ◽  
Life Scale ◽  
Disease Specific

Background:Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a chronic childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorder with a significant impact on patients’ health-related quality of life (HR-QOL). Cavanna et al. (Neurology 2008; 71: 1410–1416) developed and validated the first disease-specific HR-QOL assessment tool for adults with GTS (Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome-Quality of Life Scale, GTS-QOL). This paper presents the translation, adaptation and validation of the GTS-QOL for young Italian patients with GTS.Methods:A three-stage process involving 75 patients with GTS recruited through three Departments of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry in Italy led to the development of a 27-item instrument (Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome-Quality of Life Scale in children and adolescents, C&A-GTS-QOL) for the assessment of HR-QOL through a clinician-rated interview for 6–12 year-olds and a self-report questionnaire for 13–18 year-olds.Results:The C&A-GTS-QOL demonstrated satisfactory scaling assumptions and acceptability. Internal consistency reliability was high (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.7) and validity was supported by interscale correlations (range 0.4–0.7), principal-component factor analysis and correlations with other rating scales and clinical variables.Conclusions:The present version of the C&A-GTS-QOL is the first disease-specific HR-QOL tool for Italian young patients with GTS, satisfying criteria for acceptability, reliability and validity.

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