Study Group 3: Back and Forth Across the Corpus Callosum: Three Days with Carl Whitaker

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
Robert M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Group 3

scholarly journals Antiamoebic Chemoprophylaxis Using Quinfamide in Children: A Comparative Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1070-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Padilla ◽  
Rosalinda Diaz ◽  
Alfonso Alarcon ◽  
Roberto Barreda
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Group 1

This study sought to examine whether the administration of quinfamide at 3- or 6-month intervals diminished the frequency ofEntamoeba histolyticacysts in stool samples compared to controls. The prospective, longitudinal, randomized, single-blind study examined children from six primary schools in Celaya and Neutla, Guanajuato. Of the 1,524 students in these schools, we selected participants for the study as follows: Children were included in the study if their parents agreed in writing to the study and if the children demonstrated evidence ofE. histolyticacysts after a parasitoscopic analysis by concentration (PSC) in three samples over consecutive days using Faust’s method. Those included in the study received a single 4.3-g/kg dose of quinfamide, and we performed PSC on days 5, 6, and 7 following dose administration to examine whether quinfamide had affected the presence of the cysts. The study participants who tested negative for cysts were divided into three groups: Group 1 had 102 patients who underwent quinfamide treatment and three CPS analyses after the 12 months of the study; Group 2 had 98 subjects who underwent the quinfamide treatment and three CPS analyses at months 3, 6, 9, and 12 after their entrance into the study; and Group 3 had 102 patients, who underwent the quinfamide treatment and series of three CPS analyses at months 6 and 12 of the study. All participants received the dose of quinfamide after providing stool samples and after a clinical gastrointestinal history was obtained. Further clinical gastrointestinal data were collected 5 days after the quintamide dose was administered. We used EpiInfo 6.0 for statistical analysis, calculatingX2andpvalues for the clinical data and the CPS data after the 12 months concluded. Of the initial samples of 1,524 subjects, 308 (20.2%) had Entamoebic cysts. Of these, six were further eliminated because they did not meet the inclusion requirements. At the conclusion of the study, Group 1 presented with 37.6% of subjects still testing positive for cysts; of Group 2, 12.5% tested positive; and in Group 3, 23.5% of participants tested positive for cysts (X2= 16.8; df = 2;p= 0.0002). For comparisons of groups 1 and 2 and 1 and 3,p> 0.05. We conclude that antiamoebic chemoprophylaxis can be a choice for control of amoebic infection where personal hygiene and food consumption habits are not improving.

scholarly journals The Utility of the Callosal/Supratentorial-Supracallosal Area Ratio to Evaluate Corpus Callosum Morphometry in Children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Öztürk ◽  
Emine Uysal ◽  
Halil İbrahim Duran ◽  
Zuhal İnce Bayramoğlu ◽  
Abidin Kılınçer
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Group 1

Objective: To perform morphometric analysis of corpus callosum (CC) by using callosal area (CA), supratentorial-supracallosal area (SSA) and CA/SSA parameters in a healthy pediatric population and to investigate changes according to age and gender. Method: Method: This retrospective study included a total of 313 children (154 boys, 159 girls) aged between 3-17 years. The cases were divided into three groups according to age: 3-6 years (Group 1) (pre-school), 7-12 years (Group 2) (preadolescent) and 13-17 years (Group 3) (adolescent). CA and SSA were measured on the mid-sagittal plane on T1-weighted images. CA/ SSA index was calculated. Differences in age, CA, SSA, and ratio parameters among the gender groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U or the t-test. Results: Median values of CA (p= 0.002), mean values of SSA (p=0.001) and CA/SSA ratios (p= 0.04) were significantly higher in boys compared to girls. The median CA and mean CA/SSA ratios in Group 3 were significantly higher than Groups 1 and 2 (p= 0.001). Mean CA/SSA ratio values of boys and girls in Age Group 3 were significantly higher than Group 1 (p= 0.001) and significantly higher than Age Group 2 in girls. There were highly significant positive correlations of age with CA (p=0.001, r=0.47), SSA (p=0.028, r=0.12) and CA/SSA ratio (p=0.001, r=042). There was a highly significant and positive correlation between CA and SSA (p=0.001, r=0.25) and CA/SSA ratio (p=0.001, r=0.87). Conclusion: CA, SSA, and CA/ SSA ratio values in children are affected by age and gender. These parameters can be used as reference values for the diagnosis of congenital and acquired pathologies affecting the corpus callosum.

scholarly journals Changes caused by hidrocephalus, induced by kaolin, in the corpus callosum of adult dogs

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edvaldo José Rodrigues Cardoso ◽  
João José Lachat ◽  
Luiza Silva Lopes ◽  
Antonio Carlos dos Santos ◽  
Benedicto Oscar Colli
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Ventricular Enlargement ◽  
Ventricular Volumes ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Overall Mortality ◽  
Group 1

PURPOSE: To analyze the ventricular enlargement and myelination of the corpus callosum in adult dogs after four and eight weeks of kaolin-induction of hydrocephalus. METHODS: 36 dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups: 1 - without hydrocephalus, 2 - kaolin-induction of hydrocephalus until the fourth week, and 3 - kaolin-induction of hydrocephalus until the eighth week. Ventricular ratios and volumes were calculated using magnetic resonance images, and myelination of the corpus callosum were histologically evaluated using solocromo-cianin stain. RESULTS: Radiological hydrocephalus was observed in 93.75% and overall mortality was 38.4%. Ventricular volumes and ratios were higher in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1 and similar when measures in the fourth and eighth weeks were compared in the group 3. Indices of luminescence in the knee and in the splenium of the corpus callosum were higher in group 2 than in group 1 indicating that there was loss of myelin in group 2, and similar in groups 1 and 3, showing a tendency to remyelination after 8 weeks. CONCLUSION: The corpus callosum of dogs with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus responds with demyelination of the knee and splenium by the fourth week with a tendency to remyelination by the eighth week.

scholarly journals HEPATITIS - C

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 364-367
Author(s):  
NAYLA TARIQ CHAUDRY ◽  
IMRANA IHSAN ◽  
WAHEED JAMEEL ◽  
Sabiha Nasreen
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Objectives: 1) To evaluate the overall prevalence rate of viral hepatitiscarrier state among a group of voluntary blood donors. 2) To find the proportion of anti HCV in the study group. 3) Tofind the probable mode of transmission of HCV infection in the study group. Setting: Pathology lab, Jinnah Hospital,Iqra Medical Complex & Hi Tech Lab, Lahore. Period: November 2000 to April 2001. Patients & Methods: A total of890 apparently healthy blood donors (797 males, 93 females) were studied. Clinical details were recorded. The bloodsamples were collected using packed sterile disposable syringes. Sera were analysed by a qualitative enzymeimmunoassy sera diagnostic test using second generation ELISA Kits. Results: Among 890 subjects screened, carrierstate for hepatitis-C was 6.06%. The prevalence of hepatitis-C amongst total cases positive for hepatitis was 33.5%.A higher prevalence rate in males (6~8%) was observed as compared to females (2.22%). The difference wasstatistically significant (p<0.05). The most important mode of transmission was through injections; (males 32.075%,females 100%) followed by blood transfusion. Only 5.88% of the cases had an episode of jaundice in the past.Conclusion: A remarkable positive cases of hepatitis C in this study underline the dire need of comprehensive planfor multi-disciplinary approach for HCV prevention and control.

scholarly journals Is the central corneal thickness of diabetic patients thicker than that of non-diabetics’ eyes?

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solani D. Mathebula ◽  
Tshegofatso M. Segoati
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean

The purpose of the study was to evaluate central corneal thickness in diabetic patients and to compare the results with controls without diabetes mellitus. Sixty-five diabetic patients (65 eyes) constituted the study group, and 50 eyes were from the healthy control group (50 non-diabetic patients). The study group was subdivided into group 1 (no diabetic retinopathy, n = 35), group 2 (mild to moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, n = 20), and group 3 (proliferative diabetic retinopathy, n = 10). Central corneal thickness measurements in microns were determined using ultrasound pachymetry. The mean central corneal thickness was significantly greater in the study group (567.14 μm ± 14.63 μm) than in the control group (531.14 μm ± 5 μm). In addition, the mean central corneal thickness was found to be greater in group 3 (577 μm ± 12 μm) than in groups 1 (562 μm ± 13 μm) and 2 (566.86 μm ± 15 μm), but the difference did not reach statistical significance. We found that the mean central corneal thickness for diabetic patients was thicker than that of the healthy controls. Thicker central corneas associated with diabetes mellitus should be taken into consideration when obtaining accurate intraocular pressure measurements in diabetics.

scholarly journals Obstetrical and fetal outcome in teen age primigravida

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhat Iqbal ◽  
Samia Azad ◽  
Rakshanda Tayyab
Keyword(s):  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Risk Pregnancy ◽  
Puerperal Infection ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
And Control

A prospective case control study was carried out in Gynae Unit-II, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore from December, 2002 to December, 2003. Total 60 cases were included in study. 30 were cases of primigravida < 19 years of age (study group and 30 cases > 20 years of age (control group) were studied after 24 weeks of gestation. The mean age for study group was 18.03±0.89 and control group was 24.23±2.80. 8 subjects (26%) of PIH in study group and 3(10%) were in control group. 2 subjects (6%) of UTI in study group and 0 case in control group. 6(20%) subjects were anemic in study group and only 1(3%) was in control (6%) no case in control group. Antepartum haemorrhage in 2 subjects (83%) of normal vaginal delivery in study group there were 25 cases (83%) while 22 subjects, (73%) in control group. Instrumental delivery in 1(3%) subject in study group. 3 subjects (10%) of postpartum haemorrhage were found in study group and only 1(3%) in control group. Puerperal infection was present in 4 subjects (13%) study group in 2 subjects (6%) in control group. 10 neonates (33%) were of low birth weight in study group, while 6 neonates (60%) in study group not seen in control group. We concluded teenage pregnancy is high risk pregnancy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Perinatal Outcome in Women with Impaired Glucose Homeostasis During Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
Neha SAHAY ◽  
◽  
Felice FAIZAL ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Outcomes ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Hypertensive Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
And Control

Background: Glucose tolerance testing in pregnancy identifies many women with glycaemic responses that exceed normal range but that do not meet the threshold required to diagnose Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. It is controversial whether maternal hyperglycemia less severe than in diabetes is associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcome or not. Materials and methods: All women were subjected to Glucose Challenge Test(GCT) with 50 gram glucose either at first visit or between 24-28 weeks on the basis of risk profile. High risk cases were screened at first visit and the rest between 24-28 weeks. Patients with a GCT value ≥200mg/dl were not subjected for GTT and were diagnosed as GDM.Value of GCT <140 mg/dl was taken as normal. Irrespective of GCT result, women were subjected to Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) as recommended by WHO with 75 gram glucose using WHO criteria. Study group was identified with 4 categories with abnormal glucose homoeostasis as defined by the following criteria: 1. Abnormal GCT (>140 mg/dl) with normal OGTT; 2. Normal GCT with only Impaired Fasting Glucose(IFG) in OGTT; 3. Normal GCT with Gestational Glucose Intolerance(GGI); 4. Patients diagnosed as GDM: a. If fasting is >126mg/dl; b. If 2hr OGTT ≥ 140mg/dl & ≤ 199 mg/dl; c. If value of either GCT or OGTT >200 mg/dl. The control group comprised of women with normal GCT and normal OGTT. In all the above groups, adverse prenatal outcome and maternal outcomes were evaluated by the primary and secondary outcome measures. Results: There were 10 cases (15.3%) of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy in the study group (3 cases of gestational hypertension in abnormal GCT, 3 cases of pre eclampsia in each GGI and GDM and 1 antepartum eclampsia in GGI category) and 2 cases in control group (3%) (p=0.03). There were 2 cases of Fetal Growth Reduction (FGR) and 5 cases of Premature Rupture Of Membranes(PROM) in both study and control group. There was 1 case of cholestasis of pregnancy in study group. Term inductions were 11 and 13 in the study and control group respectively.Within the study group number of cases induced were more in GGI(n=7) and GDM(n=4) category. There were 14 caesarean sections (21.5%) and 2 (3%) instrumental deliveries among the study group. However there were 6 caesarean sections (9.2%) and no instrumental deliveries among control groups. The rate of elective LSCS is more in GDM (n=5) vs other 3 categories and the difference is significant (p=0.04) The overall number of LSCS (14 cases) was significantly higher in GDM. Conclusion: Cases with abnormal glucose homeostasis of lesser degree than GDM, like only abnormal GCT, IFG and GGI also were observed to have adverse maternal outcomes than controls, in form of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, significantly higher LSCS rates, and increased risk of macrosomia. Instead of 2 step procedure, single step screening cum diagnostic test with 75 gm OGTT for diagnosing GDM could be an option to be universally practiced.

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