Nightmare experience and personality disorder functioning styles in healthy volunteers and nightmare disorder patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-294
Author(s):  
Xu Shao ◽  
Chu Wang ◽  
Chanchan Shen ◽  
Yanli Jia ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Personality Measure ◽  
Personality Adjustment ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Nightmare Disorder ◽  
Meaning Interpretation ◽  
Experience Questionnaire

Nightmares are prevalent in psychiatric disorders, and personality disorder features might be associated with nightmare experience, especially in nightmare disorder patients. The authors invited 219 healthy volunteers and 118 nightmare disorder patients to undergo tests of the Nightmare Experience Questionnaire (NEQ), the Parker Personality Measure (PERM), and the Plutchik-van Praag Depression Inventory. Compared to healthy volunteers, nightmare disorder patients scored significantly higher on annual nightmare frequency and NEQ Physical Effect, Negative Emotion, Meaning Interpretation, and Horrible Stimulation, and higher on PERM Paranoid, Schizotypal, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic, Avoidant, and Dependent styles. Borderline, Schizotypal, and Passive-Aggressive styles in healthy volunteers and Dependent, Avoidant, Histrionic, and Paranoid in patients were significant predictors of some NEQ scales. Higher annual nightmare frequency, higher scale scores of nightmare experience and personality disorder styles, and more associations between the two were found in nightmare disorder patients, implying the need for personality-adjustment therapy for nightmare disorder.

scholarly journals Nightmare experience and family relationships in healthy volunteers and nightmare disorder patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chu Wang ◽  
Xu Shao ◽  
Yanli Jia ◽  
Chanchan Shen ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Physical Effect ◽  
The Family ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Nightmare Disorder ◽  
Meaning Interpretation ◽  
Experience Questionnaire

Abstract Background Nightmares are associated with parental bonding styles and various psychiatric disorders, but the exact connections between different nightmare experience features and family relationships in healthy volunteers and nightmare disorder patients are still unclear. Methods We therefore invited 62 nightmare disorder patients and 135 healthy volunteers to undergo tests of the Nightmare Experience Questionnaire (NEQ), the Family Relationship Questionnaire (FRQ), and the Plutchik - van Praag Depression Inventory (PVP). Results Besides the higher nightmare frequency and the higher PVP and four NEQ scale scores, the nightmare disorder patients had higher scores of FRQ Paternal Abuse, and lower ones of General Attachment, Maternal Encouragement, Maternal Freedom Release, and Paternal Freedom Release. The PVP was correlated with some NEQ and FRQ scales in both healthy volunteers and patients, and it functioned as a mediator between Physical Effect and Maternal Dominance in patients. Regarding predicting NEQ by FRQ, Paternal Abuse predicted Physical Effect, Maternal Dominance predicted Physical Effect and Horrible Stimulation, General Attachment predicted Horrible Stimulation (−) in healthy volunteers; Maternal Dominance predicted Physical Effect, Meaning Interpretation, and Horrible Stimulation, Paternal Freedom Release predicted Physical Effect (−), and Paternal Dominance predicted Meaning Interpretation and nightmare frequency in patients. Conclusions Our study has demonstrated that the inappropriate family relationships were linked with different aspects of nightmare experience, especially in nightmare disorder patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Detailed Experience of Nightmare and Nightmare Disorder in Chinese University Students

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110141
Author(s):  
Chu Wang ◽  
Jiayao Xu ◽  
Mufan Wang ◽  
Xu Shao ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Chinese University ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Nightmare Disorder ◽  
The University

Nightmares influence the mental health of university students, but the prevalence of nightmare and nightmare disorder requires additional documentation. The data of detailed nightmare experience of nightmare disorder and related depressive mood in this population are also scarce. First, a total of 1,451 students in a comprehensive Chinese university were invited to report their nightmare frequency. Sixty-eight patients with nightmare disorder were diagnosed using a semi-structured clinical interview according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Second, 60 patients with nightmare disorder (8 of 68 patients were dismissed due to data incompletion) and 124 gender-matched, healthy students were invited to answer the Nightmare Experience Questionnaire (NEQ) and the Plutchik-van Praag Depression Inventory (PVP). Of 1,451 students, 923 reported nightmares (its annual prevalence was 63.61%), and 68 were diagnosed with nightmare disorder (its prevalence was 4.69%), with a female preponderance. The mean PVP and four NEQ scale scores in patients were higher than those in healthy students. The PVP scores were correlated with NEQ Physical Effect in patients, and with Negative Emotion in healthy students. This is the first report regarding nightmare disorder prevalence and detailed nightmare experience in university students. The findings of a high prevalence of nightmare disorder in women and elevated scores of nightmare experience among patients in the university population might help address the mechanisms and the management of patients with nightmare disorder.

scholarly journals Relationship Pattern of Personality Disorder Traits in Major Psychiatric Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 025371762199953
Author(s):  
Bhavneesh Saini ◽  
Pir Dutt Bansal ◽  
Mamta Bahetra ◽  
Arvind Sharma ◽  
Priyanka Bansal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neurotic Disorders

Background: Normal personality development, gone awry due to genetic or environmental factors, results in personality disorders (PD). These often coexist with other psychiatric disorders, affecting their outcome adversely. Considering the heterogeneity of data, more research is warranted. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on personality traits in psychiatric patients of a tertiary hospital, over 1 year. Five hundred and twenty-five subjects, aged 18–45 years, with substance, psychotic, mood, or neurotic disorders were selected by convenience sampling. They were evaluated for illness-related variables using psychiatric pro forma; diagnostic confirmation and severity assessment were done using ICD-10 criteria and suitable scales. Personality assessment was done using the International Personality Disorder Examination after achieving remission. Results: Prevalence of PD traits and PDs was 56.3% and 4.2%, respectively. While mood disorders were the diagnostic group with the highest prevalence of PD traits, it was neurotic disorders for PDs. Patients with PD traits had a past psychiatric history and upper middle socioeconomic status (SES); patients with PDs were urban and unmarried. Both had a lower age of onset of psychiatric illness. Psychotic patients with PD traits had higher and lower PANSS positive and negative scores, respectively. The severity of personality pathology was highest for mixed cluster and among neurotic patients. Clusterwise prevalence was cluster C > B > mixed > A (47.1%, 25.2%, 16.7%, and 11.4%). Among subtypes, anankastic (18.1%) and mixed (16.7%) had the highest prevalence. Those in the cluster A group were the least educated and with lower SES than others. Conclusions: PD traits were present among 56.3% of the patients, and they had many significant sociodemographic and illness-related differences from those without PD traits. Cluster C had the highest prevalence. Among patients with psychotic disorders, those with PD traits had higher severity of psychotic symptoms.

Psychiatric disorders in adolescents in primary care

1998 ◽  
Vol 173 (6) ◽  
pp. 508-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tami Kramer ◽  
M. Elena Garralda
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
General Practice ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Global Assessment Scale ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Research Interviews ◽  
Internalising Disorders

BackgroundLittle is known about psychiatric disorders in adolescents who attend primary care.MethodProspective study of 13- to 16-year-olds consecutively attending general practice. Information was obtained from adolescents, parents and general practitioners, using questionnaires and research interviews.Results136/200 (68%) of adolescent attenders took part. Two per cent presented with psychiatric complaints. From research interviews with adolescents, psychiatric disorder in the previous year was found in 38%, with moderate impairment of functioning in over half (according to Children's Global Assessment Scale scores). Most disorders (42/50, 84%) were emotional (‘internalising’) disorders. Psychiatric disorders were significantly associated with high levels and intensity of physical symptoms and with increased health risks. General practitioner assessment of psychiatric disorders was low on sensitivity (20.8%) but high on specificity (90.7%). Doctors identified most severely affected adolescents.ConclusionsDepressive and anxiety disorders are common among adolescent general practice attenders and linked to increased physical symptoms; general practitioner recognition is limited.

scholarly journals Heart rate variability in bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder: a clinical review

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Carr ◽  
Maarten de Vos ◽  
Kate E A Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Technological Advances

Heart rate variability (HRV) in psychiatric disorders has become an increasing area of interest in recent years following technological advances that enable non-invasive monitoring of autonomic nervous system regulation. However, the clinical interpretation of HRV features remain widely debated or unknown. Standardisation within studies of HRV in psychiatric disorders is poor, making it difficult to reproduce or build on previous work. Recently, a Guidelines for Reporting Articles on Psychiatry and Heart rate variability checklist has been proposed to address this issue. Here we assess studies of HRV in bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder against this checklist and discuss the implication for ongoing research in this area.

Excessive mortality and causes of death among patients with personality disorder with comorbid psychiatric disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chian-Jue Kuo ◽  
Wen-Yin Chen ◽  
Shang-Ying Tsai ◽  
Pao-Huan Chen ◽  
Kai-Ting Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders

Association between Childhood Trauma and Dissociation Among Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Watson ◽  
Roy Chilton ◽  
Helen Fairchild ◽  
Peter Whewell
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Dissociative Experiences Scale ◽  
Dissociative Experiences ◽  
Scale Scores

Objective: To examine the relationship between childhood trauma and dissociative experience in adulthood in patients with borderline personality disorder. Method: Dissociative experiences scale scores and subscale scores for the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were correlated in 139 patients. Patients were dichotomized into high or low dissociators using the Median Dissociative Experiences Scale score as the cut-off. Results: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Subscale scores for emotional and physical abuse and emotional neglect but not sexual abuse correlated significantly with Dissociative Experiences Scale scores. High dissociators reported significantly greater levels of emotional abuse, physical abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect but not sexual abuse than low dissociators. Conclusion: Patients with borderline personality disorder therefore demonstrated levels of dissociation that increased with levels of childhood trauma, supporting the hypothesis that traumatic childhood experiences engender dissociative symptoms later in life. Emotional abuse and neglect may be at least as important as physical and sexual abuse in the development of dissociative symptoms.

Personality disorder and suicide

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew T. A. Cheng ◽  
A. H. Mann ◽  
K. A. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Main Category ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder ◽  
Aboriginal Groups

BackgroundThe relationships between personality disorders and suicide were investigated among two aboriginal groups and the Han Chinese in East Taiwan.MethodBiographical reconstructive interviews were conducted for consecutive suicides from each of the three ethnic groups (116 suicides in total), 113 of whom were matched with two controls for age, gender, and area of residence.ResultsIn all three groups, a high proportion of suicides suffered from ICD-10 personality disorder before suicide (46.7–76.7%), and the most prevalent category was emotionally unstable personality disorder (F60.3) (26.7–56.7%). The risk for suicide was mainly significantly associated with F60.3, comorbidity among personality disorders, and comorbidity of personality disorder with other psychiatric disorders, particularly severe depression.ConclusionThe main category of personality disorder significantly associated with the risk of suicide is F60.3 in ICD-10. The risk is highest for a comorbidity of this category and severe depression.

Differential Rates of Psychiatric Disorders in Adults with Down's Syndrome Compared with Other Mentally Handicapped Adults

1992 ◽  
Vol 161 (5) ◽  
pp. 671-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Collacott ◽  
Sally-Ann Cooper ◽  
Catherine McGrother
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Mentally Handicapped ◽  
Mental Handicap

The total number of adults with Down's syndrome living in Leicestershire, ascertained by widespread enquiry, was found to be 378. Of these, 371 were matched with adults with mental handicap due to other pathologies, on the basis of age, sex, and type of residence. Those with Down's syndrome were found to have a different spectrum of mental disorders from those without the syndrome. In particular, Down's syndrome patients were more likely to have been diagnosed as having depression and dementia; the controls were more likely to have been diagnosed as suffering from conduct disorder, personality disorder, or schizophrenia/paranoid state. The same proportion of each group had been given a diagnosis of autism.

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