Developing a Scale to Measure Interprofessional Collaboration in HIV Prevention and Care: Implications for Research on Patient Access and Retention in the HIV Continuum of Care

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-50
Author(s):  
Rogério M. Pinto ◽  
C. Jean Choi ◽  
Melanie M. Wall
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Interprofessional Collaboration ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Patient Access ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factor Analysis Model ◽  
Collective Ownership

To adapt and validate a scale for measuring interprofessional collaboration in HIV prevention and care (IPC-HIV), primary survey data were collected (2012–2017) from 577 HIV service providers in 60 organizations in New York, New Jersey, and Michigan. Cross-sectional training data were used to develop the IPC-HIV scale. The model was validated by fitting the five-factor confirmatory factor-analysis model to a 30-item set. The scale measures five domains with reliable alpha coefficients: Interdependence, Professional Activities, Flexibility, Collective Ownership, and Reflection on Process. Correlations between subscales were significant (p < .05). The strongest correlation was between Reflection on Process and Collective Ownership subscale scores. Mean scores ranged lfrom 4.070 to 4.880, with the highest score for Flexibility across all locations. IPC-HIV is valid and reliable among HIV-prevention and care workers, and is recommended for examining the effect of IPC on patient access to HIV testing and primary care.

scholarly journals Predicting prognosis for adults with depression using individual symptom data: a comparison of modelling approaches.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Eusty Jonathan Buckman ◽  
Zachary Daniel Cohen ◽  
Ciarán O'Driscoll ◽  
Eiko I Fried ◽  
Rob Saunders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Performance ◽  
Null Model ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Factor Analysis Model ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Sum Scores

AimsTo develop, validate, and compare the performance of nine models predicting post-treatment outcomes for depressed adults based on pre-treatment data. MethodsIndividual patient data from all six eligible RCTs were used to develop (k=3, n=1722) and test (k=3, n=1136) nine models. Predictors included depressive and anxiety symptoms, social support, life events and alcohol use. Weighted sum-scores were developed using coefficient weights derived from network centrality statistics (Models 1-3) and factor loadings from a confirmatory factor analysis (Model 4). Unweighted sum-score models were tested using Elastic Net Regularized (ENR) and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression (Models 5-6). Individual items were then included in ENR and OLS (Models 7-8). All models were compared to one another and to a null model using the mean post-baseline BDI-II score in the training data (Model 9). Primary outcome: BDI-II scores at 3-4 months. ResultsModels 1-7 all outperformed the null model. Individual-item models (particularly Model 8) explained less variance. Model performance was very similar across models 1-6, meaning that differential weights applied to the baseline sum-scores had little impact. ConclusionsAny of the modelling techniques (1-7) could be used to inform prognostic predictions for depressed adults with differences in the proportions of patients reaching remission based on the predicted severity of depressive symptoms post-treatment. However, the majority of variance in prognosis remained unexplained. It may be necessary to include a broader range of biopsychosocial variables to better adjudicate between competing models, and to derive models with greater clinical utility for treatment-seeking adults with depression.

scholarly journals A PrEP Information and Self-Screening Tool for Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate L. Collier ◽  
Lisa G. Colarossi ◽  
Kimberly Sanders
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Women Studies ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Assessment Questions

Although HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective for women, studies show limited uptake among women to date. Barriers to women's PrEP uptake include their limited knowledge about PrEP and low perceived HIV risk. To address these barriers, we developed and pretested a printed palm card containing HIV prevention/PrEP information that addressed HIV prevention motivation with self-assessment questions about HIV risk. We conducted expert interviews (N = 8), focus groups with health, education, and social service providers (N = 13), and interviews with community women (N = 30) in New York City to assess attention to and acceptability of the card, comprehension of the information, and potential impact on prevention motivation. The card format and content were found to be acceptable and potentially motivational for preventive behaviors, as well as particularly relevant for women. Results of testing for language use, comprehension, and attention guided the final version of the card content.

scholarly journals The Development of a Scale to Measure HIV-Prevention Factors in Adults Age 50 and Older

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 499-500
Author(s):  
Rachel Wion ◽  
Susan Loeb ◽  
Jacqueline Mogle ◽  
Donna Fick
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Factor Analysis Model ◽  
Older Adult Population

Abstract Adults aged 50 and older are at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Currently, there are no measures specifically aimed at middle-aged and older adults to assess their HIV risk. Existing measures have been created for and mostly tested in adolescent and young adult populations. The purpose of this study was to modify and test existing instruments related to HIV prevention factors with an older adult population. Two rounds of an expert panel (N = 10) review were conducted to assess items from the Condom Use Self-Efficacy Scale and the Sexual Risks Scale for their applicability to older adults. Any items with content validity at the item level &lt;0.78 were either discarded or modified. New items were also added. The final adapted HIV prevention scale had 31 items and was administered via an online survey. Single adults (N = 252) aged 50 to 85 who had been on at least one date over the past year participated in the study. The HIV prevention scale underwent confirmatory factor analysis. Model fit was estimated using maximum likelihood and standardized estimates were used for factor loadings. The items loaded on eight factors in three models: Model 1 (Mechanics, Advocacy, Intoxicants); Model 2 (Attitudes, Normative Beliefs, Perceived Susceptibility); and Model 3 (Intention, Expectations). There was adequate to excellent model fit. However, there were multiple correlations of error variances suggesting that while the items are appropriate for an older adult population, the scale will need adaptations prior to using for further data collection.

scholarly journals EFEKTIFITAS AROMATERAPI DAN PENDAMPING PERSALINAN TERHADAP NYERI PERSALINAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yocki Yuanti ◽  
Cindy Ria Aprilia Putri
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Labor Pain ◽  
P Value ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factor Analysis Model ◽  
Minimal Trauma

Pain is a very unpleasant sensory and emotional experience. Pain during childbirth is due to uterine contractions, cervical dilation and stretching of the pelvic floor muscles. The purpose of this study was to explain the contribution of presenting aromatherapy to labor pain with the accompanying labor variable. The research design was non-experimental with a cross sectional study approach. The population was all mothers who gave birth at the Nanggung Public Health Center on 24 February - 14 March 2020. The sampling technique was accidental sampling of 40 people. Data using Chi Square test and Multiple Logistic Regression with risk factor analysis model. The results showed that 65% of the mothers who experienced mild labor pain were in labor. The provision of aromatherapy had a significant contribution to labor pain in laboring mothers (p-value 0.014) with an OR of 6.768, while delivery companions did not have a significant contribution to labor pain in laboring mothers (p-value 0.127). The provision of aromatherapy during childbirth is highly recommended to manage the pain caused by the delivery process and it is important for midwives to support mothers who give birth in managing a safe and comfortable birth experience, minimal trauma both psychological and physiological.

Patient access to opioid substitution treatment pharmacy and medical service providers in South Australia: geospatial mapping

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong-Phi Le
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Substitution Treatment ◽  
Patient Access ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Opioid Substitution Treatment ◽  
Geospatial Mapping ◽  
Opioid Substitution

This cross-sectional study geospatially maps patient access to opioid substitution treatment (OST) pharmacy and medical providers in South Australia (SA), Australia. De-identified data from a total of 2935 public and private OST patients (1092 public cases and 1843 private cases) were included in the study. Geospatial mapping of OST patient locations, their dosing community pharmacy and prescriber was undertaken. The geospatial modelling methods used in this study presents an application whereby information about patient travel patterns to reach OST providers can be used as a tool for treatment service planning.

Practioner Reflection That Enhances Interprofessional Collaborative Practices for Serving Children Who Are Deaf/Hard-of-Hearing

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina M. Blaiser ◽  
Mary Ellen Nevins
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Interprofessional Collaboration ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Collaborative Practices ◽  
Interprofessional Teams ◽  
Client Care

Interprofessional collaboration is essential to maximize outcomes of young children who are Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing (DHH). Speech-language pathologists, audiologists, educators, developmental therapists, and parents need to work together to ensure the child's hearing technology is fit appropriately to maximize performance in the various communication settings the child encounters. However, although interprofessional collaboration is a key concept in communication sciences and disorders, there is often a disconnect between what is regarded as best professional practice and the self-work needed to put true collaboration into practice. This paper offers practical tools, processes, and suggestions for service providers related to the self-awareness that is often required (yet seldom acknowledged) to create interprofessional teams with the dispositions and behaviors that enhance patient/client care.

Is That Measure Really One-Dimensional?

Methodology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther T. Beierl ◽  
Markus Bühner ◽  
Moritz Heene
Keyword(s):  
Model Fit ◽  
Nuisance Parameters ◽  
Factorial Validity ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Factor Analysis Model ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis Model ◽  
Cutoff Values ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Abstract. Factorial validity is often assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. Model fit is commonly evaluated using the cutoff values for the fit indices proposed by Hu and Bentler (1999) . There is a body of research showing that those cutoff values cannot be generalized. Model fit does not only depend on the severity of misspecification, but also on nuisance parameters, which are independent of the misspecification. Using a simulation study, we demonstrate their influence on measures of model fit. We specified a severe misspecification, omitting a second factor, which signifies factorial invalidity. Measures of model fit showed only small misfit because nuisance parameters, magnitude of factor loadings and a balanced/imbalanced number of indicators per factor, also influenced the degree of misfit. Drawing from our results, we discuss challenges in the assessment of factorial validity.

The Colorado Cognitive Assessment (CoCA): Development of an Advanced Neuropsychological Screening Tool

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashita S. Gurnani ◽  
Shayne S.-H. Lin ◽  
Brandon E Gavett
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Factor Analysis Model

Objective: The Colorado Cognitive Assessment (CoCA) was designed to improve upon existing screening tests in a number of ways, including enhanced psychometric properties and minimization of bias across diverse groups. This paper describes the initial validation study of the CoCA, which seeks to describe the test; demonstrate its construct validity; measurement invariance to age, education, sex, and mood symptoms; and compare it to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Method: Participants included 151 older adults (MAge = 71.21, SD = 8.05) who were administered the CoCA, MoCA, Judgment test from the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB), 15-item version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and 10-item version of the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS-10). Results: A single factor confirmatory factor analysis model of the CoCA fit the data well, CFI = 0.955; RMSEA = 0.033. The CoCA’s internal consistency reliability was .84, compared to .74 for the MoCA. The CoCA had stronger disattenuated correlations with the MoCA (r = .79) and NAB Judgment (r = .47) and weaker correlations with the GDS-15 (r = -.36) and GAS-10 (r = -.15), supporting its construct validity. Finally, when analyzed using multiple indicators, multiple causes (MIMIC) modeling, the CoCA showed no evidence of measurement non-invariance, unlike the MoCA. Conclusions: These results provide initial evidence to suggest that the CoCA is a valid cognitive screening tool that offers numerous advantages over the MoCA, including superior psychometric properties and measurement non-invariance. Additional validation and normative studies are warranted.

scholarly journals Health Status and Quality of Health Care Services of Congolese Refugees in Nakivale, Uganda

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Amegovu K. Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Health Service Delivery ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Food

Physical and emotional wellness, as well as access to healthcare, are foundations for successful resettlement. Without feeling healthy, it is difficult to work, to go school, or take care of a family. Many factors can affect refugee health, including geographic origin and refugee camp conditions. Refugees may face a wide variety of acute or chronic health issues (Office of Refugee Resettlement, ORR Annual Report to Congress 2014; http://www.acf.hhs.gov). Resettlement of refugees in Uganda is usually supported by concerted efforts of UNHCR, Governments through the Office of the Prime Minister, OPM with support from host communities, local and international Non-Governmental Organizations. Due to resource constraints and local factors, immigrants are often subjected to poor living conditions which coupled with inadequacy inessential medical supplies might significantly affects quality of care and health service delivery and hence, rendering refugees to poor health status. This study was conducted from 2013-2014 to assess the determinants of health status of Congolese refugees living in Nakivale refugee settlement, in Isingiro district- South Western Uganda. A cross-sectional study design was used involving mixed techniques of both qualitative and quantitative KAP survey. The study focussed on Congolese refugee population in Nakivale Refugee settlement. 2401 key informants’ interviews and 8 focus group discussions respectively were conducted targeting service providers and beneficiaries/Congolese refugees in this case. The data was analysed using SPSS ver.20, 2011. Although majority (97%) of respondents sought medical services from established health facilities, findings confirm a high level of ill health prevalence among Congolese refugees in Nakivale camp, however, the difference in health services and perceived health status in camp versus the one in DRcongo is insignificant ( p=0.000) with respondents perceiving their health status as worse than when they were their own Country before the resettlement. Identified key challenges affecting access &amp; uptake of available health services includes: language barrier; inadequate drugs; and the long distances to access health facilities. The health status of refugees could be improved by addressing the challenges related to language, drug supplies in addition to humanising conditions of shelter, providing appropriate waste disposal facilities while proving adequate food rations and clean &amp; safe drinking water.

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