Residual Elements and Their Effect on Applications of Austenitic Stainless Steels in the Power Industry

Liquation cracking can occur during fabrication by welding in either the heat affected zone in the parent material, or in previously deposited weld metal during a subsequent run. It results from localized melting at grain or other boundaries, combined with the thermal strains associated with welding. This review paper opens with brief descriptions of the classification, identification and mechanisms of liquation cracking. Following an outline of the material classes and circumstances in which it is most likely to occur, compositional influences in austenitic stainless steels and nickel alloys are considered in more detail. It is emphasized that although residual elements such as S, P or B may have an important role in causing or enhancing liquation effects, much liquation cracking is associated with intentional minor alloying additions, such as Nb. The influence of deliberate alloying additions, and compositional balance, in limiting the influence of residuals will be considered. In conclusion the detection, significance and avoidance of liquation cracking are discussed briefly.

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Radiation Damage Studies with the HVEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100096655 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 680-681

Author(s):

J. J. Laidler ◽

B. Mastel

Keyword(s):

Radiation Damage ◽

Stainless Steels ◽

Volume Expansion ◽

Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽

Test Facility ◽

Fast Breeder Reactors ◽

Breeder Reactors ◽

Under Construction ◽

Development Laboratory ◽

Insight Into

One of the major materials problems encountered in the development of fast breeder reactors for commercial power generation is the phenomenon of swelling in core structural components and fuel cladding. This volume expansion, which is due to the retention of lattice vacancies by agglomeration into large polyhedral clusters (voids), may amount to ten percent or greater at goal fluences in some austenitic stainless steels. From a design standpoint, this is an undesirable situation, and it is necessary to obtain experimental confirmation that such excessive volume expansion will not occur in materials selected for core applications in the Fast Flux Test Facility, the prototypic LMFBR now under construction at the Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory (HEDL). The HEDL JEM-1000 1 MeV electron microscope is being used to provide an insight into trends of radiation damage accumulation in stainless steels, since it is possible to produce atom displacements at an accelerated rate with 1 MeV electrons, while the specimen is under continuous observation.

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Strain-induced martensite effects on transgranular carbide precipitation in type 304 stainless steels

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100087331 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 604-605

Author(s):

A.H. Advani ◽

L.E. Murr ◽

D. Matlock

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Grain Boundary ◽

Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽

Stainless Steels ◽

Deformation Twin ◽

Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽

Carbide Precipitation ◽

Strain Induced Martensite ◽

Type 304

Thermomechanically induced strain is a key variable producing accelerated carbide precipitation, sensitization and stress corrosion cracking in austenitic stainless steels (SS). Recent work has indicated that higher levels of strain (above 20%) also produce transgranular (TG) carbide precipitation and corrosion simultaneous with the grain boundary phenomenon in 316 SS. Transgranular precipitates were noted to form primarily on deformation twin-fault planes and their intersections in 316 SS.Briant has indicated that TG precipitation in 316 SS is significantly different from 304 SS due to the formation of strain-induced martensite on 304 SS, though an understanding of the role of martensite on the process has not been developed. This study is concerned with evaluating the effects of strain and strain-induced martensite on TG carbide precipitation in 304 SS. The study was performed on samples of a 0.051%C-304 SS deformed to 33% followed by heat treatment at 670°C for 1 h.

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Oxidation behavior of 26Cr-16Ni and AISI 309 austenitic stainless steels in air flow at 1,173 K

Materials Testing ◽

10.3139/120.110753 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 57 (7-8) ◽

pp. 597-601 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peeraya Pipatnukun ◽

Panyawat Wangyao ◽

Gobboon Lothongkum

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steels ◽

Oxidation Behavior ◽

Air Flow ◽

Austenitic Stainless Steels

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EPRI P87

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.ni0685 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Fracture Toughness ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Stainless Steels ◽

Austenitic Stainless Steels

Abstract EPRI P87 is a MMA electrode designed for dissimilation joints between austenitic stainless steels (i.e. 304H) and a creep resisting CrMo alloy (i.e. P91). This datasheet provides information on composition and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on joining. Filing Code: Ni-685. Producer or source: Metrode Products Ltd.

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