The Relative Role of Impact and Multiphoton Ionization Mechanisms in Laser Induced Damage of Transparent Dielectrics

2009 ◽  
pp. 299-299-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
BG Gorshkov ◽  
AS Epifanov ◽  
AA Manenkov
Keyword(s):  
Multiphoton Ionization ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Ionization Mechanisms ◽  
Transparent Dielectrics ◽  
Laser Induced Damage

scholarly journals The Role of Frost Processes in the Retreat of River Banks

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1812
Author(s):  
Karol Augustowski ◽  
Józef Kukulak
Keyword(s):  
Relative Role ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fluvial Processes ◽  
Precise Calculation ◽  
Erosion Pins ◽  
Summer Half ◽  
Lateral Erosion ◽  
Summer Flood

The rate of bank retreat was measured using erosion pins on the alluvial banks of the rivers in the Podhale region (the boundary zone between Central and Outer Carpathians) during the hydrological year 2013/2014. During the winter half-year (November–April), the bank retreat was mainly caused by processes related to the freezing and thawing of the ground (swelling, creep, downfall). During the summer half-year (May–October), fluvial processes and mass movements such as lateral erosion, washing out, and sliding predominated. The share of fluvial processes in the total annual amount of bank retreat (71 cm on average) was 4 times greater than that of the frost phenomena. Erosion on bank surfaces by frost phenomena during the cold half-year was greatest (up to 38 cm) on the upper parts of banks composed of fine-grained alluvium, while fluvial erosion during the summer half-year (exceeding 80 cm) mostly affected the lower parts of the banks, composed of gravel. The precise calculation of the relative role of frost phenomena in the annual balance of bank erosion was precluded at some stations by the loss of erosion pins in the summer flood.

Grain Boundary Segregation in Titanium Dioxide: Evaluation of Relative Driving Forces for Segregation

2002 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinglei Wang ◽  
Guoda D. Lian ◽  
Elizabeth C. Dickey
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Boundary Segregation ◽  
Solute Segregation ◽  
Dielectric Behavior ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Fundamental Phenomenon ◽  
Versus Strain

ABSTRACTSolute segregation to grain boundaries is a fundamental phenomenon in polycrystalline metal-oxide electroceramics that has enormous implications for the macroscopic dielectric behavior of the materials. This paper presents a systematic study of solute segregation in a model dielectric, titanium dioxide. We investigate the relative role of the electrostatic versus strain energy driving forces for segregation by studying yttrium-doped specimens. Through analytical transmission electron microscopy studies, we quantitatively determine the segregation behavior of the material. The measured Gibbsian interfacial excesses are compared to thermodynamic predictions.

Assessing the relative role of climate change and human activities in sandy desertification of Ordos region, China

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 855-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
DuanYang Xu ◽  
XiangWu Kang ◽  
ZhiLi Liu ◽  
DaFang Zhuang ◽  
JianJun Pan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Sandy Desertification
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