Future Directions for Modeling the Spread of Fire, Smoke, and Toxic Gases

2008 ◽  
pp. 70-70-27
Author(s):  
WW Jones
Keyword(s):  
Future Directions ◽  
Toxic Gases ◽  
Fire Smoke

On the Optimization of Vent Arrangement in a Subway Station

2012 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 620-624
Author(s):  
Atta Sojoudi ◽  
Farbod Vakilimoghaddam ◽  
Reihaneh Neishapouri
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Subway Station ◽  
Volume Flux ◽  
Toxic Gases ◽  
Fire Smoke ◽  
Temperature Radiation

Toxic gases resulted from fire events in subways stations are more dangerous than high temperature radiation from it. So, a well designed smoke exhaust system must be installed in subway station to control the smoke’s propagation and discharging. Smoke extraction in subway station depends on the duct laid above the ceiling, so vents are situated in the same level of platform layer’s ceiling. If subway station catches fire, smoke will cumulate in smoke reservoirs at the beginning and mechanical fan cannot exhaust any smoke in this process. In This paper, FDS 5.0 is used to simulate smoke’s movement in a side platform of an actual subway station in case of a fire. Simulations are carried out at the same volume flux of mechanical fan to investigate the effects of height of vents and depth of smoke reservoirs.

scholarly journals Fire smoke propagation mode and the importance of ventilation efficiency for emergency situations in subway systems

2019 ◽  
Vol XXII (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
Chiojdoiu A. F.
Keyword(s):  
Ventilation System ◽  
Propagation Mode ◽  
Subway Tunnel ◽  
Intervention Teams ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Toxic Gases ◽  
Fire Smoke ◽  
Ventilation Efficiency ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Ventilation Systems

It is well known that the efficiency of the ventilation is extremely important in subway systems. The ventilation system is one of the main aspects of subway infrastructure when emergency situations involving fire or massive release of smoke and toxic gases occur inside the tunnels. Otherwise, the performance of the ventilation is the key factor of the subway systems when unfortunate events such as fires, chemical or biological attacks take place as in such situations a large number of victims can occur. The use of efficient ventilation systems, the existence of sufficient evacuation pathways as well as the knowledge by the intervention teams of the phenomena occurring inside a subway tunnel in the event of a fire is a great help for protecting and saving people's lives.

On Future Directions in Pathology

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

Meeting the Best Practice for Hearing Aid Verification in Children: Challenges and Future Directions

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-894
Author(s):  
Nur Azyani Amri ◽  
Tian Kar Quar ◽  
Foong Yen Chong
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Klang Valley ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Fitting Hearing Aids

Purpose This study examined the current pediatric amplification practice with an emphasis on hearing aid verification using probe microphone measurement (PMM), among audiologists in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Frequency of practice, access to PMM system, practiced protocols, barriers, and perception toward the benefits of PMM were identified through a survey. Method A questionnaire was distributed to and filled in by the audiologists who provided pediatric amplification service in Klang Valley, Malaysia. One hundred eight ( N = 108) audiologists, composed of 90.3% women and 9.7% men (age range: 23–48 years), participated in the survey. Results PMM was not a clinical routine practiced by a majority of the audiologists, despite its recognition as the best clinical practice that should be incorporated into protocols for fitting hearing aids in children. Variations in practice existed warranting further steps to improve the current practice for children with hearing impairment. The lack of access to PMM equipment was 1 major barrier for the audiologists to practice real-ear verification. Practitioners' characteristics such as time constraints, low confidence, and knowledge levels were also identified as barriers that impede the uptake of the evidence-based practice. Conclusions The implementation of PMM in clinical practice remains a challenge to the audiology profession. A knowledge-transfer approach that takes into consideration the barriers and involves effective collaboration or engagement between the knowledge providers and potential stakeholders is required to promote the clinical application of evidence-based best practice.

Translating Principles of Speech Science to Clinical Practice: Current and Future Trends in Craniofacial Disorders

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Zajac
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Behavioral Management ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Speech Science ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Opinion Article

Abstract The purpose of this opinion article is to review the impact of the principles and technology of speech science on clinical practice in the area of craniofacial disorders. Current practice relative to (a) speech aerodynamic assessment, (b) computer-assisted single-word speech intelligibility testing, and (c) behavioral management of hypernasal resonance are reviewed. Future directions and/or refinement of each area are also identified. It is suggested that both challenging and rewarding times are in store for clinical researchers in craniofacial disorders.

Renal denervation - a clinical update and future directions

VASA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-251
Author(s):  
Kai Mortensen ◽  
Klaas Franzen ◽  
Michael Reppel ◽  
Joachim Weil
Keyword(s):  
Renal Denervation ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Scientific Background

The aim of this review is to give a contemporary update on renal denervation therapy focusing particularly on the scientific background and present literature as well as on different technical approaches and potential future directions.

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