Comparison of Laboratory and Field Assessment of Fluorence—Part I: Effects of Fluorence on the Survival, Growth, Reproduction, and Behavior of Aquatic Organisms in Laboratory Tests

2008 ◽  
pp. 120-120-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
SE Finger ◽  
EF Little ◽  
MG Henry ◽  
JF Fairchild ◽  
TP Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals A scalable culturing system for the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Kuehn ◽  
Alexander W. Stockinger ◽  
Jerome Girard ◽  
Florian Raible ◽  
B. Duygu Özpolat
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Model System ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Full Life Cycle ◽  
Platynereis Dumerilii ◽  
Culturing Conditions ◽  
And Behavior

ABSTRACTPlatynereis dumerilii is a marine segmented worm (annelid) with externally fertilized embryos and it can be cultured for the full life cycle in the laboratory. The accessibility of embryos and larvae combined with the breadth of the established molecular and functional techniques has made P. dumerilii an attractive model for studying development, cell lineages, cell type evolution, reproduction, regeneration, the nervous system, and behavior. Traditionally, these worms have been kept in rooms dedicated for their culture. This allows for the regulation of temperature and light cycles, which is critical to synchronizing sexual maturation. However, regulating the conditions of a whole room present limitations, especially if experiments require being able to change culturing conditions. Here we present scalable and flexible culture methods that provide ability to control the environmental conditions, and have a multi-purpose culture space. We provide a closed setup shelving design with proper light conditions necessary for P. dumerilii to mature. We also implemented a standardized method of feeding P. dumerilii cultures with powdered spirulina which relieves the ambiguity associated with using frozen spinach, and helps standardize nutrition conditions across experiments and across different labs. By using these methods, we were able to raise mature P. dumerilii, capable of spawning and producing viable embryos for experimentation and replenishing culture populations. These methods will allow for the further accessibility of P. dumerilii as a model system, and they can be adapted for other aquatic organisms.

scholarly journals Inelastic hyperspectral lidar for aquatic ecosystems monitoring and landscape plant scanning test

2018 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Guangyu Zhao ◽  
Elin Malmqvist ◽  
Klas Rydhmer ◽  
Alfred Strand ◽  
Giuseppe Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diode Laser ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Focal Depth ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Landscape Plant ◽  
Optical Arrangement ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
And Behavior

We have developed an aquatic inelastic hyperspectral lidar with unrestricted focal-depth and enough sensitivity and spatio-temporal resolution to detect and resolve position and behavior of individual sub-millimeter aquatic organisms. We demonstrate ranging with monitoring of elastic echoes, water Raman signals and fluorescence from chlorophyllbearing phytoplankton and dye tagged organisms. The system is based on a blue CW diode laser and a Scheimpflug optical arrangement.

scholarly journals Lake Phytoplankton Assemblage Altered by Irregularly Shaped PLA Body Wash Microplastics but Not by PS Calibration Beads

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2650
Author(s):  
Kiyoko Yokota ◽  
Marissa Mehlrose
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblage ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Aquatic Food ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Natural Phytoplankton

Microplastics are an emerging environmental pollutant, whose global ubiquity is becoming increasingly evident. Conventional wastewater treatment does not completely remove them, and there are growing concerns about microplastics in source water and post-treatment drinking water. Microplastics have been reported to alter the development, physiology, and behavior of various aquatic organisms; however, limited knowledge exists on their effect on natural phytoplankton communities. Many studies also use uniformly spherical plastic beads, while most scrub particles in consumer products and secondary microplastics in the environment have various shapes and sizes. We tested the effects of two types of microplastics, 50 µm polystyrene (PS) calibration beads and polylactic acid (PLA) plastic body wash scrub particles, and one type of plant-derived body wash scrub particle on a natural phytoplankton assemblage through a 7-day incubation experiment in a temperate, mesotrophic lake. The calibration beads and the plant-derived particles generally did not alter the taxonomic composition of the phytoplankton in the mesocosms, while the PLA body wash microplastics eliminated cryptophytes (p < 0.001) and increased chrysophytes (p = 0.041). Our findings demonstrate differential effects of irregularly shaped PLA body wash microplastics vs. PS calibration beads on lake phytoplankters and empirically support potential bottom-up alteration of the aquatic food web by secondary microplastics.

WAYS TO MANAGE ELEMENTS OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PROCESSES

2018 ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Andrey Petrovich Bozhko ◽  
Oleg Aleksandrovich Pogozhev ◽  
Alexander Victorovich Melnikov
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Gradual Accumulation ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
High Degree

The management of fishery systems provides for the management of aquatic organisms aimed at changing their position and (or) the degree of mobility in order to increase the efficiency of a particular fishery process, and management of the fishery to ensure that the catching object falls into the catching zone, as well as to decrease probability of his withdrawal from this zone. It is shown that the management of hydrobionts differs: by the way information is transmitted and its biological effectiveness; types and operation principles of the control systems; biological significance of external influence; reaction to the stimulus; selectivity of management, etc. The features of each control option are described. Methods of assessing the features of management of elements of fishery systems are considered, taking into account the information approach. Management is used at the different stages of the fishery process: at various stages of fishing, forming schools of commercial hydrobionts and so on. The paper describes some aspects of applying adaptive management methods to fisheries processes in connection with a high degree of uncertainty of the initial data and of the system condition. The principle of functioning of such systems of process control is the gradual accumulation and use of information to achieve some optimal state and behavior of the system in the light of initial uncertainty, e.g. changing external conditions. Control systems of this type are adapted in the process of adjustment and operation. In the course of such adaptation the coefficients, parameters and structure of the system usually change, in some cases the algorithm of functioning, control actions, etc. change too.

Field assessment of Bt cry1Ah corn pollen on the survival, development and behavior of Apis mellifera ligustica

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-Li Dai ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Hong-Juan Cui ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Apis Mellifera Ligustica ◽  
Corn Pollen ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Heteroaggregates of Polystyrene Nanospheres and Organic Matter: Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of Their Toxicity to Algae in Environmentally Relevant Conditions

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Laura Rowenczyk ◽  
Joséphine Leflaive ◽  
Fanny Clergeaud ◽  
Antoine Minet ◽  
Jessica Ferriol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Polystyrene Nanospheres ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
The Media ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Fate And Behavior

The environmental fate and behavior of nanoplastics (NPs) and their toxicity against aquatic organisms are under current investigation. In this work, relevant physicochemical characterizations were provided to analyze the ecotoxicological risk of NPs in the aquatic compartment. For this purpose, heteroaggregates of 50 nm polystyrene nanospheres and natural organic matter were prepared and characterized. The kinetic of aggregation was assimilated to a reaction-limited colloid aggregation mode and led to the formation of heteroaggregates in the range of 100–500 nm. Toxicities of these heteroaggregates and polystyrene nanospheres (50 and 350 nm) were assessed for a large range of concentrations using four benthic and one planktonic algal species, in regards to particle states in the media. Heteroaggregates and nanospheres were shown to be stable in the exposure media during the ecotoxity tests. The algal species exhibited very low sensitivity (growth and photosynthetic activity), with the noteworthy exception of the planktonic alga, whose growth increased by more than 150% with the heteroaggregates at 1 µg L−1. Despite the lack of a strong direct effect of the NPs, they may still impair the functioning of aquatic ecosystems by destabilizing the competitive interactions between species. Moreover, further work should assess the toxicity of NPs associated with other substances (adsorbed pollutants or additives) that could enhance the NP effects.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ILLUMINATION ON GROWTH AND BEHAVIOR OF TWO CARP FISH SPECIES (CARASSIUS GIBELIO AND C. CARASSIUS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Alexander B. RUCHIN
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Carassius Carassius ◽  
Behavioral Reactions ◽  
Light Gradient ◽  
Carassius Gibelio ◽  
High Illumination ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Carp Fish

Light is one of the most important environmental factors that influence many physiological, biochemical and behavioral reactions of aquatic organisms. In this work, experiments were conducted to study how illumination influences on the growth of juveniles of two carp fish species (Carassius gibelio and Carassius carassius). In this work, experiments. The experiments were carried out in aquariums and trays with a light gradient. Twenty-twenty five fish were placed in each aquarium, three-four individuals were placed in trays. Fish were fed to saturation three times a day. Optimal types of illumination were identified for the growth of both species. 200–930 lx is optimal for juvenile Carassius gibelio. 230–500 lx is optimal for juvenile Carassius carassius. High illumination and total darkness negatively influenced the growth of both species. Very high illumination considerably slowed the growth rate. Survival in all cases was at 100%. Motor activity of juvenile Carassius gibelio in light-gradient conditions was higher than in balancing illumination. The number of vector movements, the average distance of movement and the total path of fish in the light gradient exceed the corresponding values in control in balancing illumination. When there was no food, the elected zones of the juvenile Carassius gibelio were shifted toward higher illumination. When the food was absent for half an hour, the juveniles chose a zone with the illumination of 600 lux (total time of stay was 15.8 minutes for 1 h). When it was absent for two hours, the juveniles chose a zone with the illumination of 1000 lux (17.3 minutes), and when it was absent for 24 hours, juveniles chose a zone with the illumination of 1000–1200 lux (28.5 minutes). The study discusses the effect of light on growth, the behavior of two species of fish.

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