Application of Alternating-Current Impedance Measurements to Characterize Zirconium Alloy Oxidation Films

2008 ◽  
pp. 531-531-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Rosecrans
Keyword(s):  
Zirconium Alloy ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Impedance Measurements ◽  
Alloy Oxidation

scholarly journals ELECTRIC IMPEDANCE OF SINGLE MARINE EGGS

1938 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Cole ◽  
Howard J. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Membrane Conductance ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Electric Impedance ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Impedance Measurements ◽  
Membrane Capacity ◽  
Thin Walled

Alternating current impedance measurements have been made on several single marine eggs over the frequency range from 1 to 2500 kilocycles per second. The eggs were placed in the center of a short capillary made by heating the end of a 2 mm. thin walled glass tube until it nearly closed, and electrodes were placed in the sea water on each side of the egg. When it is assumed that the membrane conductance is negligible, the membrane capacity and internal resistances of unfertilized and fertilized Arbacia eggs agree with the values obtained from suspensions. Preliminary data on centrifugally separated half Arbacia eggs, and whole Cumingia and Chaetopterus eggs are given.

Comparison of Electrical Resistance and Impedance Measurements in Wood in Progressive Stages of Discoloration and Decay

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry A. Tattar ◽  
George C. Saufley
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Pulsed Current ◽  
Impedance Measurements ◽  
Direct Current Resistance ◽  
Current Resistance

Direct current resistance and alternating current impedance were used to detect and quantify wood in progressive stages of discoloration and decay in living trees. Results were comparable to those obtained with pulsed current under similar conditions.

scholarly journals Rapid assessment of structural and compositional changes during early stages of zirconium alloy oxidation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Kautz ◽  
Bharat Gwalani ◽  
Sten V. M. Lambeets ◽  
Libor Kovarik ◽  
Daniel K. Schreiber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zirconium Alloy ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Chemical Imaging ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Metal Interface ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Alloy Oxidation ◽  
Scanning Transmission

Abstract A multimodal chemical imaging approach has been developed and applied to detail the dynamic, atomic-scale changes associated with oxidation of a zirconium alloy (Zircaloy-4). Scanning transmission electron microscopy, a gas-phase reactor chamber attached to an atom probe tomography instrument, and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy were employed to reveal morphology, composition, crystal, and electronic structure changes that occur during initial stages of oxidation at 300 °C. Oxidation was carried out in 10 mbar O2 gas for short exposure times of 1 and 5 min. A multilayered oxide film with a cubic ZrO adjacent to the oxide/metal interface, a nanoscopic transition region with a graded composition of ZrO2−x (where 0 < x < 1), and tetragonal ZrO2 in the outermost oxide were formed. Partitioning of the major alloying element (tin) to the oxide/metal interface and heterogeneously within the oxide accompanied the development of the layered oxide. Our work provides a rapid, high-throughput approach for detailed characterisation of initial stages of zirconium alloy oxidation at an accelerated time scale, with implications for several other alloy systems.

Scanning Electron Microscopy of an 8 μm Thick ZrO2 Film

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 266-267
Author(s):  
R.A. Ploc ◽  
M.A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Zirconium Alloy ◽  
Oxide Thickness ◽  
Breakaway Oxidation ◽  
Zro2 Film ◽  
Alloy Oxidation ◽  
One Year ◽  
Scanning Electron

This abstract reports the occurrence of 'breakaway oxidation' for unalloyed zirconium in 300°C oxygen. An excellent review of zirconium and zirconium alloy oxidation can be found elsewhere (1).Approximately one dozen crystal bar zirconium coupons were placed in a resistance wound furnace held at 300°C and through which oxygen (initially passed through a silica gel dessicant) was passed. Over a period of three years, the samples accumulated over 700 days of oxidation time. The kinetics followed a rate law between cubic and parabolic until achieving an oxide thickness approximately 350 nm at which point 'breakaway' occurred. For instance, in one year the film increased in thickness from 0.35 to more than 8 μm. These thick, post-transition oxides were examined in the SEM.The samples were characterized by regions approximately 40 μm in diameter which spalled with a density of about 45 per cm2.

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