Biological Sampling Methods and Effects of Exposure to Municipal and Chemical Landfill Leachate on Aquatic Organisms

INTRODUCTIONDetailed studies of the vertical distribution and migration of the micronekton, plankton and sonic scattering layers in an oceanic environment off Fuertaventura in the Canary Islands were made from R.R.S. ‘Discovery’ during September to December 1965. A general account, including a statement of the objectives of the cruise, has been given by Currie, Boden & Kampa (1969). Foxton (1969) has described the biological sampling methods and techniques utilized. Results of sonic scattering investigations have been published by Blaxter & Currie (1967) and Boden & Kampa (1967). The present study deals only with the pelagic amphipods, and forms a contribution to a series (Angel, 1969; Clarke, 1969b; Baker, 1970; Foxton, 1970a, b; Badcock, 1970; Roe, 1972a, b, c, d; Pugh, 1974) dealing with the distribution and migration of the major taxa sampled during the investigation. An objective summary of the plankton data utilizing factor analysis and cluster analysis has been provided by Angel & Fasham (1973, 1974).

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WASTEWATER AND LANDFILL LEACHATE TESTING: ACUTE TOXICITY BIOTEST RESULTS EVALUATION

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management ◽

10.3846/16486897.2015.1133428 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 143-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anolda ČETKAUSKAITĖ ◽

Milda Zita VOSYLIENĖ ◽

Nijolė KAZLAUSKIENĖ ◽

Virginija KALCIENĖ

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Landfill Leachate ◽

Aquatic Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Testing ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Scoring Systems ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Toxicity Assessment ◽

Technical Management ◽

Cost Effective Approach

This diverse review discusses biotest species and results scoring systems, which were applied to aquatic toxicity assessment of effluents/wastewater (WW) and landfill leachate (LL). European and American aquatic toxicity testing is reviewed. An example of Lithuanian research data on LL biotesting with aquatic organisms of different phylogenetic and ontogenetic levels is presented. Acute toxicity WW and LL is assessed on the basis of (L(E)C50, acute Toxic Units (tua), pt values, and, by applying different simple result scoring systems or toxicity thresholds. The differences in legislation and recommendations for biotest application in WW and LL aquatic toxicity testing are compared. It is concluded that WW and LL lowest acute toxicity data (tua value 0.3) should be considered equally as risk to aquatic environment, and technical management decisions should be made. The universal features of toxicity scoring systems, the problems of inventory of old small landfills and cost effective approach are discussed.

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Contrasting Ecotoxic Effects of Landfill Leachate and Cyanobacterial Biomass on Aquatic Organisms

Water Air & Soil Pollution ◽

10.1007/s11270-020-04684-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 231 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Danguolė Montvydienė ◽

Sigitas Šulčius ◽

Živilė Jurgelėnė ◽

Tomas Makaras ◽

Virginija Kalcienė ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Landfill Leachate ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Cyanobacterial Biomass

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SOND Cruise 1965 Biological sampling methods and procedures

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315400037176 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 603-620 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

P. Foxton

Keyword(s):

Vertical Distribution ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Laboratory Methods ◽

Biological Sampling ◽

Sampling Procedures

Details are given of the nets used and the sampling procedures adopted to investigate patterns of vertical distribution in an oceanic pelagic fauna. Ancillary gear and laboratory methods are described. The paper concludes with a discussion of the limitations of the sampling.

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Going Beyond 3-D Imaging: Automated 3-D Montaged image Analysis of Cytological Specimens

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100163873 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 282-283

Author(s):

Badrinath Roysam ◽

Hakan Ancin ◽

Douglas E. Becker ◽

Robert W. Mackin ◽

Matthew M. Chestnut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Spatial Clustering ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Field Of View ◽

Cell Counting ◽

Depth Of Field ◽

Tissue Cell ◽

Tissue Organization

This paper summarizes recent advances made by this group in the automated three-dimensional (3-D) image analysis of cytological specimens that are much thicker than the depth of field, and much wider than the field of view of the microscope. The imaging of thick samples is motivated by the need to sample large volumes of tissue rapidly, make more accurate measurements than possible with 2-D sampling, and also to perform analysis in a manner that preserves the relative locations and 3-D structures of the cells. The motivation to study specimens much wider than the field of view arises when measurements and insights at the tissue, rather than the cell level are needed.The term “analysis” indicates a activities ranging from cell counting, neuron tracing, cell morphometry, measurement of tracers, through characterization of large populations of cells with regard to higher-level tissue organization by detecting patterns such as 3-D spatial clustering, the presence of subpopulations, and their relationships to each other. Of even more interest are changes in these parameters as a function of development, and as a reaction to external stimuli. There is a widespread need to measure structural changes in tissue caused by toxins, physiologic states, biochemicals, aging, development, and electrochemical or physical stimuli. These agents could affect the number of cells per unit volume of tissue, cell volume and shape, and cause structural changes in individual cells, inter-connections, or subtle changes in higher-level tissue architecture. It is important to process large intact volumes of tissue to achieve adequate sampling and sensitivity to subtle changes. It is desirable to perform such studies rapidly, with utmost automation, and at minimal cost. Automated 3-D image analysis methods offer unique advantages and opportunities, without making simplifying assumptions of tissue uniformity, unlike random sampling methods such as stereology.12 Although stereological methods are known to be statistically unbiased, they may not be statistically efficient. Another disadvantage of sampling methods is the lack of full visual confirmation - an attractive feature of image analysis based methods.

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Marine biological sampling

AccessScience ◽

10.1036/1097-8542.405500 ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Marine Biological ◽

Biological Sampling

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Pengaruh Tekanan Waktu, Locus Of Control , Tindakan Supervisi, Dan Materialitas Terhadap Penghentian Prematur Atas Prosedur Audit Studi Kasus Pada Kantor Akuntan Publik Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Tahun 2015

Kajian Bisnis STIE Widya Wiwaha ◽

10.32477/jkb.v24i1.216 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 35-53

Author(s):

Sulastiningsih Sulastiningsih ◽

Intan Ayu Candra

Keyword(s):

Locus Of Control ◽

Premature Termination ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Time Pressure ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Test Reliability ◽

Friedman Test ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Public Accountant

The purpose of this study is to prove: (1) Time pressure, locus of control, the action of supervision and materiality partially affect the premature termination of the audit procedures (2) Time pressure, locus of control, supervision and materiality simultaneously affect the premature termination on the audit procedures. This research was conducted in Public Accountant firm in Yogyakarta region of which total 12 samples of KAP, by distributing 105 questionnaires, and 57 questionnaires were returned (54%). 34 of the returned questionnaires can be processed (34%). The samples in this study were determined by using non-probability sampling, one of purposive sampling methods. Data analysis consisted of: (1) validity test, reliability test and classical assumption. The result showed that the instruments used are quite reliable and valid (2) multiple linear regression analysis. The results are (a) Some of independent variables partially affect premature termination of the audit procedure, while the action of supervision does not influence premature termination of audit procedures (b) All independent variables influence simultaneously to the premature termination of the audit procedures (c) All independent variables showed that as much as 55% it affects on premature termination of the audit procedures, the rest of it are influenced by other variables. (3) Friedman Test. The result shows that there are order of priority of audit procedures being terminated.

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