Chapter 8–Review and Analysis of Reactor Vessel Surveillance Programs

Author(s):  
LE Steele
1971 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Loss ◽  
J. R. Hawthorne ◽  
C. Z. Serpan

Fracture-safe operating criteria for commercial nuclear pressure vessels based on fracture analysis diagram procedures and Charpy-V energy trends are reappraised with respect to the effects of thick section mechanical constraint and low Charpy - V shelf energies resulting from neutron irradiation. Comparisons of the Charpy-V test with the more definitive dynamic tear test procedures indicate the former to be an acceptable means of assessing the fracture toughness of A533-B steel. The mechanical constraint associated with 12-in. thicknesses of this steel suggests the addition of 70 F (39 C) to the existing criterion requiring vessel operation above NDT + 60 F (33 C). Ratio analysis diagram procedures are shown to be useful in interpreting Charpy-V shelf level data obtained from vessel surveillance programs in terms of critical toughness levels relating to brittle fracture.


1971 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
T. R. Mager ◽  
S. E. Yanichko

This paper presents the basis for utilizing fracture mechanics technology based upon data obtained from small Charpy V-notch specimens incorporated in reactor vessel surveillance programs. Included is a brief background on linear elastic fracture mechanics and a discussion of reactor surveillance programs in general. Data obtained from published literature are organized and an empirical approach is proposed to utilize the fracture mechanics technique in surveillance programs. A typical problem is included to demonstrate that the approach discussed can be successfully applied to nuclear pressure vessel safety analysis.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-452
Author(s):  
Alan MacLeod ◽  
Nicola Spence

COVID 19 has raised the profile of biosecurity. However, biosecurity is not only about protecting human life. This issue brings together mini-reviews examining recent developments and thinking around some of the tools, behaviours and concepts around biosecurity. They illustrate the multi-disciplinary nature of the subject, demonstrating the interface between research and policy. Biosecurity practices aim to prevent the spread of harmful organisms; recognising that 2020 is the International Year of Plant Health, several focus on plant biosecurity although invasive species and animal health concerns are also captured. The reviews show progress in developing early warning systems and that plant protection organisations are increasingly using tools that compare multiple pest threats to prioritise responses. The bespoke modelling of threats can inform risk management responses and synergies between meteorology and biosecurity provide opportunities for increased collaboration. There is scope to develop more generic models, increasing their accessibility to policy makers. Recent research can improve pest surveillance programs accounting for real-world constraints. Social science examining individual farmer behaviours has informed biosecurity policy; taking a broader socio-cultural approach to better understand farming networks has the potential to change behaviours in a new way. When encouraging public recreationists to adopt positive biosecurity behaviours communications must align with their values. Bringing together the human, animal, plant and environmental health sectors to address biosecurity risks in a common and systematic manner within the One Biosecurity concept can be achieved through multi-disciplinary working involving the life, physical and social sciences with the support of legislative bodies and the public.


Author(s):  
Kyra Kane ◽  
Marshall Siemens ◽  
Shane Wunder ◽  
Jacqueline Kraushaar ◽  
J. Alexandra Mortimer ◽  
...  

PURPOSE: Hip displacement impacts quality of life for many children with cerebral palsy (CP). While early detection can help avoid dislocation and late-stage surgery, formalized surveillance programs are not ubiquitous. This study aimed to examine: 1) surgical practices around pediatric hip displacement for children with CP in a region without formalized hip surveillance; and 2) utility of MP compared to traditional radiology reporting for quantifying displacement. METHODS: A retrospective chart review examined hip displacement surgeries performed on children with CP between 2007–2016. Surgeries were classified as preventative, reconstructive, or salvage. Pre- and post-operative migration percentage (MP) was calculated for available radiographs using a mobile application and compared using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test. MPs were also compared with descriptions in the corresponding radiology reports using directed and conventional content analyses. RESULTS: Data from 67 children (115 surgical hips) was included. Primary surgery types included preventative (63.5% hips), reconstructive (36.5%), or salvage (0%). For the 92 hips with both radiology reports and radiographs available, reports contained a range of descriptors that inconsistently reflected the retrospectively-calculated MPs. CONCLUSION: Current radiology reporting practices do not appear to effectively describe hip displacement for children with CP. Therefore, standardized reporting of MP is recommended.


2020 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 106144
Author(s):  
David S. Weinberg ◽  
Constantine Gatsonis ◽  
Herbert J. Zeh ◽  
Ruth C. Carlos ◽  
Peter J. O'Dwyer

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