Comparison of Laboratory and Field Methods for Testing the Toxicity of Chemicals Sorbed to Sediments

2008 ◽  
pp. 494-494-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Adams ◽  
PS Ziegenfuss ◽  
WJ Renaudette ◽  
RG Mosher
Keyword(s):  
Field Methods

Near-field scanning optical microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 642-643
Author(s):  
E. Betzig ◽  
A. Harootunian ◽  
M. Isaacson ◽  
A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Visible Radiation ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Optical Region ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Nondestructive Imaging ◽  
Scanning Optical Microscopy ◽  
Near Field Scanning

In general, conventional methods of optical imaging are limited in spatial resolution by either the wavelength of the radiation used or by the aberrations of the optical elements. This is true whether one uses a scanning probe or a fixed beam method. The reason for the wavelength limit of resolution is due to the far field methods of producing or detecting the radiation. If one resorts to restricting our probes to the near field optical region, then the possibility exists of obtaining spatial resolutions more than an order of magnitude smaller than the optical wavelength of the radiation used. In this paper, we will describe the principles underlying such "near field" imaging and present some preliminary results from a near field scanning optical microscope (NS0M) that uses visible radiation and is capable of resolutions comparable to an SEM. The advantage of such a technique is the possibility of completely nondestructive imaging in air at spatial resolutions of about 50nm.

Field Methods for Studying the Radiation Situation in the Area of the Belarusian NPP in the Pre-Operational Period

ANRI ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Aleksey Ekidin ◽  
Aleksey Vasil'ev ◽  
Maksim Vasyanovich ◽  
Evgeniy Nazarov ◽  
Mariya Pyshkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Radiation Monitoring ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
External Radiation ◽  
Field Methods

The article presents the results of field studies in the area of the Belarusian NPP in the pre-operational period. The «background» contents of gamma-emitting radionuclides in individual components of the environment are determined. The main array of dose rate measurements in the area of the NPP construction site is in the range 0.048 ÷ 0.089 μSv/h. External radiation in the surveyed area is formed at 96% due to 40K, 226Ra and 232Th. The information obtained can be used to correctly interpret the data of future radiation monitoring during normal operation of nuclear power plants.

Ethnographic Service Learning: An Approach for Transformational Learning

Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie A. Medeiros ◽  
Jennifer Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Service Learning ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Transformational Learning ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
The Social ◽  
Service Learning Projects ◽  
Transformational Experiences ◽  
Learning Projects

Trends in higher education pedagogy increasingly point to the importance of transformational experiences as the capstone of liberal arts education. Practitioners of ethnography, the quintessential transformational experience of the social sciences, are well-positioned to take the lead in designing courses and term projects that afford undergraduate students opportunities to fundamentally reshape their understanding of the social world and their own involvement within it. Furthermore, in the United States, colleges and universities have become proponents of service learning as a critical component of a holistic educational experience. In this article, we describe how service learning can be incorporated into training students in ethnographic field methods as a means to transformational learning and to give them skills they can use beyond the classroom in a longer trajectory of civic participation. We discuss strategies, opportunities, and challenges associated with incorporating service learning into courses and programs training students in ethnographic field methods and propose five key components for successful ethnographic service learning projects. We share student insights about the transformational value of their experiences as well as introduce some ethical concerns that arise in ethnographic service-learning projects.

Techniques for Greenhouse Evaluation of Herbicides on Saltcedar

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Quimby ◽  
E.B. Hollingsworth ◽  
R.L. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Limited Efficacy ◽  
Greenhouse Evaluation ◽  
Soil Layering ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Over The Top ◽  
Pot Plant

Subirrigated pot-plant systems were developed for greenhouse simulations of field methods being tested for herbicidal control of saltcedar (Tamarix pentandraPall.). The methods included: over-the-top spraying; soil injection; soil layering, with whole plants transplanted onto the herbicide layer; and soil layering by severing the roots and concomitantly injecting herbicide. Existing foliar application techniques were improved for greenhouse testing of herbicides and results from preliminary tests were apparently similar to literature reports of limited efficacy in the field. Preliminary results from these greenhouse techniques showed that root zone applications, either by soil layering or soil injection, were very effective; stem or foliar applications were less effective.

scholarly journals Field Methods for Translocating Female Greater Sage‐Grouse ( Centrocercus urophasianus ) with their Broods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary B. Meyerpeter ◽  
Kade D. Lazenby ◽  
Peter S. Coates ◽  
Mark A. Ricca ◽  
Steven R. Mathews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Centrocercus Urophasianus ◽  
Sage Grouse ◽  
Field Methods

scholarly journals Monitoring Vegetation Dynamics at a Tidal Marsh Restoration Site: Integrating Field Methods, Remote Sensing and Modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra S. Thomsen ◽  
Johannes Krause ◽  
Monica Appiano ◽  
Karen E. Tanner ◽  
Charlie Endris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Vegetation Monitoring ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Bare Area ◽  
Marsh Restoration ◽  
Restoration Success ◽  
Restoration Strategies

AbstractSea level rise threatens coastal wetlands worldwide, and restoration projects are implementing strategies that decrease vulnerability to this threat. Vegetation monitoring at sites employing new restoration strategies and determination of appropriate monitoring techniques improve understanding of factors leading to restoration success. In Central California, soil addition raised a degraded marsh plain to a high elevation expected to be resilient to sea level rise over the next century. We monitored plant survival and recruitment using area searches, transect surveys, and unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) imagery. We used random forest modeling to examine the influence of nine environmental variables on vegetation colonization and conducted targeted soil sampling to examine additional factors contributing to vegetation patterns. Limited pre-construction vegetation survived soil addition, likely due to the sediment thickness (mean = 69 cm) and placement method. After 1 year, about 10% of the initially bare area saw vegetation reestablishment. Elevation and inundation frequency were particularly critical to understanding restoration success, with greatest vegetation cover in high-elevation areas tidally inundated < 0.85% of the time. Soil analysis suggested greater salinity stress and ammonium levels in poorly-vegetated compared to well-vegetated areas at the same elevation. We found that both transect and UAS methods were suitable for monitoring vegetation colonization. Field transects may provide the best approach for tracking early vegetation colonization at moderate-sized sites under resource limitations, but UAS provide a complementary landscape perspective. Beyond elucidating patterns and drivers of marsh dynamics at a newly restored site, our investigation informs monitoring of marsh restoration projects globally.

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