Air Leakage Measurements by the Tracer Dilution Method—A Review

2009 ◽  
pp. 36-36-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
PL Lagus
Keyword(s):  
Dilution Method ◽  
Air Leakage ◽  
Tracer Dilution

Effect of Prewetting Brines and Mixing on Ice-Melting Rate of Salt at Cold Temperatures: New Tracer Dilution Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 2613 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Koefod
Keyword(s):  
Freezing Point ◽  
Melting Rate ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Ice Melting ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Solid Salt ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Tracer Dilution

A novel test method has been developed to measure the ice-melting rate of deicers. The ice-melting rates of prewetted salt were determined by measuring the change in the concentration of chloride (Cl−) or magnesium or calcium cations (Mg2+ or Ca2+, respectively) in the ice melt as tracers. The method is substantially more precise than the SHRP H205.1 standard and has the further advantage of measuring ice-melting and salt dissolution rates simultaneously. Brines were preequilibrated with ice at −19.3°C (−2.7°F) and blended with solid salt to determine the effect of different prewetting brines on the ice-melting rate of the solid salt component only. The measured equilibrium ice-melting capacity of sodium chloride (NaCl) agreed well with the theoretical value calculated from the NaCl freezing point curve. Under a condition of no mixing, solid salt yielded 0.87% of its total available ice-melting capacity after 60 min when wetted with NaCl brine and 9.7% when wetted with calcium chloride (CaCl2) brine. Mixing raised the yield of ice melt to 27.1% and 50.5% after 60 min when wet with NaCl and CaCl2 brines, respectively. The CaCl2 brine was slightly more effective than the magnesium chloride (MgCl2) brine at enhancing the ice-melting rate of salt. The test method promises to be a useful tool for permitting a more precise optimization of prewetting brine composition, concentration, and brine-to-salt ratio at different temperatures. The method may also permit better determination of the cost-effectiveness of different prewetting strategies and provide deeper insights into the mechanism of chemical ice melting.

scholarly journals Myocardial tissue recruitment in the dog as determined by double tracer dilution method.

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
A L'Abbate ◽  
R R Mildenberger ◽  
D T Zborowska-Sluis ◽  
G A Klassen
Keyword(s):  
Dilution Method ◽  
Myocardial Tissue ◽  
Tracer Dilution

A fluoride borehole dilution apparatus for groundwater velocity measurements

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Grisak ◽  
W. F. Merritt ◽  
D. W. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Tracer Test ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Groundwater Velocity ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Groundwater Systems ◽  
Chloride Profiles ◽  
Fluoride Electrode ◽  
Tracer Dilution

A borehole dilution method using fluoride in low concentrations as the tracer and an adapted, commercially available fluoride ion electrode to measure the tracer dilution has been developed and employed at two sites. The sites are shallow groundwater systems consisting of alluvial surficial gravels near Fort Macleod, Alberta, and glaciodeltaic sand deposits at the Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories, Ontario. Zones of relatively high groundwater velocities determined at Fort Macleod with the fluoride apparatus are also evident in the results of a large-scale tracer test that documented chloride profiles over the saturated gravel thickness from point samples at 0.3 m depth intervals. The performance of the fluoride electrode compared favorably with a radio tracer (131I) technique in a simultaneous dilution experiment at the Chalk River site. Other ion-selective electrodes such as the chloride electrode may provide an alternative sensor in areas where hydrochemical conditions may restrict the use of the fluoride electrode.

Glucose production during exercise in humans: a-hv balance and isotopic-tracer measurements compared

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bergeron ◽  
M. Kjaer ◽  
L. Simonsen ◽  
J. Bülow ◽  
H. Galbo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Production ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Splanchnic Blood Flow ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Hepatic Glucose ◽  
Balance Technique ◽  
Tracer Dilution ◽  
Exercise In Humans

The present study compared the arteriohepatic venous (a-hv) balance technique and the tracer-dilution method for estimation of hepatic glucose production during both moderate and heavy exercise in humans. Eight healthy young men (aged 25 yr; range, 23–30 yr) performed semisupine cycling for 40 min at 50.4 ± 1.5(SE)% maximal O2 consumption, followed by 30 min at 69.0 ± 2.2% maximal O2 consumption. The splanchnic blood flow was estimated by continuous infusion of indocyanine green, and net splanchnic glucose output was calculated as the product of splanchnic blood flow and a-hv blood glucose concentration differences. Glucose appearance rate was determined by a primed, continuous infusion of [3-3H]glucose and was calculated by using formulas for a modified single compartment in non-steady state. Glucose production was similar whether determined by the a-hv balance technique or by the tracer-dilution method, both at rest and during moderate and intense exercise ( P > 0.05). It is concluded that, during exercise in humans, determination of hepatic glucose production can be performed equally well with the two techniques.

Body Water in Children During Recovery from Severe Burn Injury Using a Combined Tracer Dilution Method

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Prelack ◽  
Joanna Dwyer ◽  
Robert Sheridan ◽  
Yong-Ming Yu ◽  
Martha Lydon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burn Injury ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Severe Burn ◽  
Tracer Dilution ◽  
Severe Burn Injury

A radioactive tracer dilution method to determine the mass of molten salt

2017 ◽  
Vol 314 (1) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Cao ◽  
Josh Jarrell ◽  
Susan White ◽  
Kevin Herminghuysen ◽  
Andrew Kauffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Radioactive Tracer ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Tracer Dilution

A Tracer Dilution Method for Fracture Characterization in Bedrock Wells

Ground Water ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 774-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Brainerd ◽  
Gary A. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Dilution Method ◽  
Fracture Characterization ◽  
Tracer Dilution
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