Variation in Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel Plates and Wide Flange Shapes

The effect of simulated post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the mechanical properties and microstructure of P-No. 1 materials was investigated and the suitability of the exemption requirements of simulated PWHT as specified in ASME Section III Division 1 Subsection NX-2211 was evaluated. SA-516 Gr. 60 and 70 carbon steel plates and SA-106 Gr. B carbon steel pipe were employed, and the materials were subjected to the simulated PWHT with holding temperatures of 610, 650, 690, and 730 °C for 8 hours. Both the tensile strength and lateral expansion of the materials tested in this study showed a tendency to decrease with increasing holding temperature of the simulated PWHT. In some cases, the materials after the simulated PWHT cannot satisfy those mechanical requirements.

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Influence of Heat Inputs on Weld Profiles and Mechanical Properties of Carbon and Stainless Steel

Nigerian Journal of Technological Development ◽

10.4314/njtd.v18i2.8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 135-143

Author(s):

L.O. Osoba ◽

W.A. Ayoola ◽

Q.A. Adegbuji ◽

O.A. Ajibade

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽

Heat Input ◽

Steel Plates ◽

Shielded Metal Arc Welding ◽

Full Penetration ◽

Metal Arc Welding

This study examines the effect of heat input on the weld bead profile, microstructure and mechanical properties of single V- joint welded carbon and stainless-steel plates. The as-received sample steel plates were sectioned into eight pieces; dimension 75 X 30 X 10 mm thicknesses. Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) of heat inputs 1250 and 2030 J/mm was used to produce full penetration bead on the plates. Although visual inspection indicated that some of the welds were macro defect free, austenitic stainless steel exhibited more weld distortions than the carbon steel and this was partially attributed to its lower carbon content and the width to depth aspect ratio of the weld profile aside the magnitude of the induced stress. For the carbon steel, as the heat input increased, the hardness value of both the heat affected zone and fusion zone increased. In contrast, for stainless steel, the hardness values were reasonably comparable within same weld region (HAZ or FZ) irrespective of heat input. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the stainless steel decreased as heat input increased while the ductility increased with an increase in heat input, in contrast to carbon steel, where both ductility and ultimate tensile strength generally decreased.

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Effect of Niobium on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Low Carbon Steel Plate with Intercritical Quenching

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.1382 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 152-153 ◽

pp. 1382-1386

Author(s):

De Hui Zou ◽

Zhi Fang Peng ◽

Ping He Li ◽

Ai Min Guo

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Yield Ratio ◽

Steel Plates ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Niobium Content ◽

Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽

Low Temperature Toughness

The microstructure and mechanical properties of the low carbon steel plates containing Niobium content of 0.038%, 0.063% and 0.082% with intercritical quenching were studied by SEM, TEM, tensile and impact tests. The results showed that the intercritical quenching steel with high Niobium content can gain the fine microstructure , but also easily obtain the martensite, which made the strength very high but low temperature toughness very low, however, the steel with low Niobium content can not reach enough austenitization level, which caused both low temperature and yield ratio high relatively. So in the given rolling and heat treatment process, there was suitable Niobium content can contribute to obtain the optimal austenization level resulting in the good combination of strength, yield ratio, elongation and low temperature toughness after intercritical quenching in the low carbon steel.

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Effect of Heat Input on LMHMW Joint of Carbon Steel

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app12010301 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 301

Author(s):

Shujun Zhou ◽

Tingyan Yan ◽

Waqas Muneer ◽

Xuan Yin ◽

Qiyu Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Welded Joints ◽

Heat Input ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Transformation Process ◽

Steel Plates ◽

Process Efficiency ◽

Bilateral Effects ◽

The Individual

Laser-MIG hybrid multi-layer welding (LMHMW) technology has been employed in paraxial configuration with laser leading for the welding of 20 mm thick Q235 carbon steel plates to exploit the hybridization effect that addresses the shortcomings of the individual process as well as to compliment their merits. The bilateral effects of arc augmented laser welding have resulted in complete joint penetration, process efficiency, stability and gap bridge ability. Samples welded under varying heat inputs in multiple passes have been analyzed for their microstructure evaluation using an optical microscope followed by tensile and Vickers hardness testing in various regions of the weld zones. This process was conducted to characterize the effect of heat input on the mechanical properties of the welded joints. The experimental results illustrate that different heat inputs have significant effects on the microstructure, heat affected zone width and mechanical properties of welded joints. The microhardness near the fusion line decreases dramatically due to the influence of the phase transformation process, and the highest microhardness value is obtained in the center of the weld seam. By using reasonable process parameters, the strength of the welded joint can obtain 458.5 MPa.

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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cooled and Tempered Cu and Nb-Bearing Ultra-Low Carbon Steels

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.3242 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 638-642 ◽

pp. 3242-3247 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hui Guo ◽

Zhi Qiang Yao ◽

Shan Wu Yang ◽

Xin Lai He

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Carbon Steels ◽

Steel Plates ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Niobium Content ◽

Low Carbon Steels ◽

Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽

Ultra Low Carbon Steel

To improve the toughness and weldability, the carbon content of the steels has to be deduced, and more and more attention has been attracted to the low carbon and ultra-low carbon steels. To strengthen the microstructure Cu and Nb-bearing steels are developed. However, the knowledge on influence of combined addition of Cu and Nb is still in lack. The microstructure and mechanical properties are studied in the 6-mm thick as-rolled and tempered ultra-low carbon steel plates with varied copper and niobium content. The microstructure and mechanical properties are studied in the 6-mm thick as-rolled and tempered ultra-low carbon steel plates with varied copper and niobium content. The experimental results show that if niobium is added without copper, the increase of niobium addition does not have a significant influence on the phase transformation and mechanical properties before tempering. The strength and toughness of those copper-free niobium steels do not vary significantly after tempered at different temperatures, while the strength of niobium steels with 1.8% copper added increases after tempered in the range of 450-650°C and reaches a peak at 500-550°C. If combined with 1.8% copper, the increase of niobium addition from 0.08% to 0.16% improves the hardenabililty and strength significantly, and the strength peak after tempering moves to a lower temperature. The strength of air-cooled niobium steels with 1.8% copper added is usually higher than those water-cooled, while after tempered at a proper temperature, the strength of the latter becomes higher than the former.

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Influence of Nitrogen Gas Flow Rate on The Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Tin Deposited Carbon Steel Synthesized by Cae

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development ◽

10.29037/ajstd.111 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 239 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. Mubarak ◽

E. Hamzah

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Gas Flow ◽

Steel Plates ◽

Main Peak ◽

Percentage Increase ◽

Gas Flow Rate ◽

Nitrogen Gas ◽

Coated Carbon

This paper reports on the preparation of titanium nitride (TiN) thin films on carbon steel plates, using cathodic arc evaporation CAE PVD technique. We studied and discussed the effect of various nitrogen gas flow rates on microstructural and mechanical properties of TiN-coated carbon steel plates. The coating properties investigated in this work included the surface morphology, thickness of deposited coating, adhesion between the coating and substrate, coating composition, coating crystallography, hardness and surface characterization using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Xray diffraction (XRD) with glazing incidence angle (GIA) technique, scratch tester, hardness testing machine, surface roughness tester and atomic force microscope (AFM). SEM analyses showed that all the films had columnar and dense structures with clearly defined substrate-film interfacial layers. The hardness of TiN-coated carbon steel was noted six times more than the hardness of uncoated one. An increase in nitrogen gas flow rate showed; decrease in the formation of macro-droplets, average roughness (Ra) and root-mean-square (RMS) values in CAE PVD technique. During XRD-GIA studies, it was observed that by increasing the nitrogen gas flow rate, the main peak [1,1,1] shifted toward the lower angular position. Microhardness of TiN-coated carbon steel showed about six times increase in hardness than the uncoated one. Scratch tester results showed an average adhesion between the coating material and substrate. Thanks to the high resolution power could be observed that by increasing nitrogen gas flow rate there was percentage increase in the bearing ratio while percentage decrease in histogram.

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INFLUENCE THE QUENCHING AND TEMPERING ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS, OF MEDIUM CARBON STEEL

THE IRAQI JOURNAL FOR MECHANICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING ◽

10.32852/iqjfmme.vol18.iss1.78 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 125-135

Author(s):

Sattar H A Alfatlawi

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Heat Treatment ◽

Surface Roughness ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Cold Water ◽

Medium Carbon Steel ◽

Medium Carbon ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

Treatment Processes ◽

Quenching And Tempering

One of ways to improve properties of materials without changing the product shape toobtain the desired engineering applications is heating and cooling under effect of controlledsequence of heat treatment. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect ofheating and cooling on the surface roughness, microstructure and some selected propertiessuch as the hardness and impact strength of Medium Carbon Steel which treated at differenttypes of heat treatment processes. Heat treatment achieved in this work was respectively,heating, quenching and tempering. The specimens were heated to 850°C and left for 45minutes inside the furnace as a holding time at that temperature, then quenching process wasperformed in four types of quenching media (still air, cold water (2°C), oil and polymersolution), respectively. Thereafter, the samples were tempered at 200°C, 400°C, and 600°Cwith one hour as a soaking time for each temperature, then were all cooled by still air. Whenthe heat treatment process was completed, the surface roughness, hardness, impact strengthand microstructure tests were performed. The results showed a change and clearimprovement of surface roughness, mechanical properties and microstructure afterquenching was achieved, as well as the change that took place due to the increasingtoughness and ductility by reducing of brittleness of samples.

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