Review of Corrosion Studies of Metal Containers Using Synthetic Media

2009 ◽  
pp. 69-69-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
TP Murphy ◽  
GA Pape
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Studies ◽  
Synthetic Media

Corrosion Studies of Mild Steel in 1M HCL by Using 1-(2- Methyl-4-(2-Methylphenyldiazenyl) Phenyl) Azonapthalen-2-Ol as Organic Inhibitor

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1142-1148
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Raj ◽  
Vijaya Kumar Durg ◽  
Pruthviraj R D ◽  
Vishwaprakash Vishwaprakash
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Corrosion Studies ◽  
Organic Inhibitor

scholarly journals Low Glucose Mediated Fluconazole Tolerance in Cryptococcus neoformans

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Somanon Bhattacharya ◽  
Natalia Kronbauer Oliveira ◽  
Anne G. Savitt ◽  
Vanessa K. A. Silva ◽  
Rachel B. Krausert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Low Glucose ◽  
Synthetic Media

Chronic meningoencephalitis is caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and is treated in many parts of the world with fluconazole (FLC) monotherapy, which is associated with treatment failure and poor outcome. In the host, C. neoformans propagates predominantly under low glucose growth conditions. We investigated whether low glucose, mimicked by growing in synthetic media (SM) with 0.05% glucose (SMlowglu), affects FLC-resistance. A > 4-fold increase in FLC tolerance was observed in seven C. neoformans strains when minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined in SMlowglu compared to MIC in SM with normal (2%) glucose (SMnlglu). In SMlowglu, C. neoformans cells exhibited upregulation of efflux pump genes AFR1 (8.7-fold) and AFR2 (2.5-fold), as well as decreased accumulation (2.6-fold) of Nile Red, an efflux pump substrate. Elevated intracellular ATP levels (3.2-fold and 3.4-fold), as well as decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels (12.8-fold and 17-fold), were found in the presence and absence of FLC, indicating that low glucose altered mitochondrial function. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that mitochondria of C. neoformans grown in SMlowglu were fragmented, whereas normal glucose promoted a reticular network of mitochondria. Although mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was not markedly affected in SMlowglu, it significantly decreased in the presence of FLC (12.5-fold) in SMnlglu, but remained stable in SMlowglu-growing C. neoformans cells. Our data demonstrate that increased FLC tolerance in low glucose-growing C. neoformans is the result of increased efflux pump activities and altered mitochondrial function, which is more preserved in SMlowglu. This mechanism of resistance is different from FLC heteroresistance, which is associated with aneuploidy of chromosome 1 (Chr1).

What to do about deepfakes

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
Deborah G. Johnson ◽  
Nicholas Diakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Societal Impact ◽  
Synthetic Media

Seeking to reap the positive uses of synthetic media while minimizing or preventing negative societal impact.

NUTRITION OF ANIMAL CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE: VII. USE OF REPLICATE CELL CULTURES IN THE EVALUATION OF SYNTHETIC MEDIA

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 306-318
Author(s):  
Raymond C. Parker ◽  
George M. Healy ◽  
Dorothy C. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Relative Toxicity ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Washed Cell ◽  
Mouse Cells ◽  
Synthetic Media ◽  
Simple Screening ◽  
Natural Media

The replicate culture assay procedures of Earle and his associates have been adapted for use in evaluating the effectiveness of synthetic media. For this purpose, use has also been made of Earle's L strain mouse cells. Washed and continuously stirred suspensions of these or similar strains of cells may be dispensed, with reasonable assurance of uniformity, into a series of replicate cultures, the number depending on the volume of the suspension and the capacity and effectiveness of the stirring and dispensing unit. For use with synthetic media, the original procedures for the preparation and care of the replicate cultures and for their subsequent treatment for the counting of isolated, stained nuclei have been modified considerably. This paper describes the procedures that were finally adopted and also describes a relatively simple screening procedure in which washed cell suspensions may be used to advantage in making preliminary assays of synthetic media and in testing the relative toxicity or growth stimulating effects of substances added to, or derived from, natural media.

NUTRITION OF ANIMAL CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE: VII. USE OF REPLICATE CELL CULTURES IN THE EVALUATION OF SYNTHETIC MEDIA

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond C. Parker ◽  
George M. Healy ◽  
Dorothy C. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Relative Toxicity ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Washed Cell ◽  
Mouse Cells ◽  
Synthetic Media ◽  
Simple Screening ◽  
Natural Media

The replicate culture assay procedures of Earle and his associates have been adapted for use in evaluating the effectiveness of synthetic media. For this purpose, use has also been made of Earle's L strain mouse cells. Washed and continuously stirred suspensions of these or similar strains of cells may be dispensed, with reasonable assurance of uniformity, into a series of replicate cultures, the number depending on the volume of the suspension and the capacity and effectiveness of the stirring and dispensing unit. For use with synthetic media, the original procedures for the preparation and care of the replicate cultures and for their subsequent treatment for the counting of isolated, stained nuclei have been modified considerably. This paper describes the procedures that were finally adopted and also describes a relatively simple screening procedure in which washed cell suspensions may be used to advantage in making preliminary assays of synthetic media and in testing the relative toxicity or growth stimulating effects of substances added to, or derived from, natural media.

Crevice Corrosion Studies on Corrosion Resistant Alloys in Stagnant Natural Seawater

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 276-279
Author(s):  
Laura L. Machuca ◽  
Stuart I. Bailey ◽  
Rolf Gubner
Keyword(s):  
Crevice Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Corrosion Studies ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
Positive Effect

Crevice corrosion (CC) was investigated for a number of selected corrosion resistant alloys in natural seawater containing microorganisms for up to 18 months under stagnant conditions. Experimental controls consisted of tests in natural seawater filtered in accordance with hydrostatic testing procedures. The corrosion potential of alloys was monitored throughout exposure and corrosion was evaluated by weight loss and 3D optical microscopy. CC was initiated on several alloys and corrosion rates in time indicated a positive effect of seawater filtration on the long-term performance of the alloys. Microbial adhesion, as indicated by fluorescence microscopy, occurred mainly outside the crevice and differed according to the nature of the substratum surface.

scholarly journals Changes in genetic constitution and sterol composition during growth of nystatin-resistant heterokaryons ofNeurospora crassa

1983 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill E. Ogden ◽  
Morris Grindle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Sterol Composition ◽  
Sensitive Strain ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Polyene Antibiotic ◽  
Ofneurospora Crassa ◽  
Synthetic Media ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYHeterokaryons ofN. crassawere synthesized from homokaryotic strains differing in sterol composition and sensitivity to the polyene antibiotic nystatin. Mycelia of the nystatin-sensitive strainerg-1+contained ergosterol and episterol, and the nystatin-resistant mutanterg-1 contained fecosterol and lichesterol. Mycelia of heterokaryons with different proportions oferg-1+:erg-1 nuclei contained various proportions of the four sterols. Ergosterol was the principal sterol in heterokaryons with more than 5%erg-1+nuclei.Heterokaryons with various proportions oferg-1+:erg-1 nuclei were grown for several weeks along tubes of synthetic media. Growth rates were stable on minimal medium and nutritionally supplemented media but nuclear proportions often fluctuated. Growth rates fell sharply on nystatin-supplemented media and there were adaptive increases in proportions of mutanterg-1 nuclei which resulted in selection of nystatin-resistant homokaryotic mycelia.

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