Mechanisms of Fretting-Fatigue and Their Impact on Test Methods Development

2009 ◽  
pp. 23-23-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Hoeppner
Keyword(s):  
Fretting Fatigue ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Methods Development

Use of Low Cost, Low Fidelity Mockups for Preproduction Testing

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 589-591
Author(s):  
Carole A. Bohn
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Test And Evaluation ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
Display Technology ◽  
And Control

The new technologies proposed and/or retrofitted into Navy crewstations have demonstrated increasing sophistication and flexibility. Additionally, the crewstation technologies have shown very rapid development cycles. The current approach of reliance solely on flight testing has proven inadequate because of the multitude of equipment operating modes, lack of experimental control of situational variables, possible location/placement of components, variety of operational environments, dynamic crew tasking, and control/display technology unique characteristics. Test methods and relevent criteria are lacking. A quick fix is the use of low fidelity mockups for rapid testing and methods development. Such an approach can be both effective with respect to test dollars and responsive to the dynamics of the control/display development cycle. The present paper discusses the use of the low fidelity simulation in two specific developments. The first example presents the design of formats for a universal control/display layout to be used as a replacement for conventional pushbutton technology. The second example presents testing designed to determine the amount and type of control/display required for a crewstation functional upgrade. Both examples are from the test and evaluation work being performed on Navy patrol aircraft. Finally, a laboratory will be described which is being developed to permit this approach to testing.

scholarly journals Sustainable Test Methods for Construction Materials and Elements

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Szewczak ◽  
Agnieszka Winkler-Skalna ◽  
Lech Czarnecki
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Complete Test ◽  
The One

The laboratory testing of the construction materials and elements is a subset of activities inherent in sustainable building materials engineering. Two questions arise regarding test methods used: the relation between test results and material behavior in actual conditions on the one hand, and the variability of results related to uncertainty on the other. The paper presents the analysis of the results and uncertainties of the simple two independent test examples (bond strength and tensile strength) in order to demonstrate discrepancies related to the ambiguous methods of estimating uncertainty and the consequences of using test methods when method suitability for conformity assessment has not been properly verified. Examples are the basis for opening discussion on the test methods development direction, which makes possible to consider them as ‘sustainable’. The authors address the negative impact of the lack of a complete test models taking into account proceeding with an uncertainty on erroneous assessment risks. Adverse effects can be minimized by creating test methods appropriate for the test’s purpose (e.g., initial or routine tests) and handling with uncontrolled uncertainty components. Sustainable test methods should ensure a balance between widely defined tests and evaluation costs and the material’s or building’s safety, reliability, and stability.

scholarly journals Test methods development of biomechanics of human movement utilizing the kinesiological electromyography

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 295-298
Author(s):  
Mateusz Kukla ◽  
Bartosz Wieczorek ◽  
Łukasz Warguła
Keyword(s):  
Human Movement ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Patient Preparation ◽  
Selection Of

The article presents the issues concerning the development of methods for performing human biomechanics research utilizing kinesiological electromyography. The procedures concerning the selection of the location of electrodes, patient preparation for testing, conducting the experiment and the development of measurement results are dis-cussed in detail. Selected preliminary test results were also presented.

Investigations on Fire-Resistant Magnesium Alloys for Aerospace Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 828-829 ◽  
pp. 492-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Gradinger ◽  
Stefan Gneiger ◽  
Andreas Betz
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Az31 Alloy ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
Flammability Test ◽  
Pressure Die Casting ◽  
Temperature Melting

Light metals are contributing significantly to the weight saving of components and structures of transport means. Regarding airliners FAA recently published a report on the development of a flammability test for magnesium alloys to be used in aircraft seat construction which opens up the options to introduce specific parts in next seat models. In former projects, it was shown that magnesium alloys are offering interesting mass reduction and-by this-fuel & emissions saving potentials in air transport. The major concern is the behaviour of Mg alloys in case of an aircraft fire which was investigated by FAA for particular alloys of Magnesium-Neodymium-Gadolinium, Magnesium-Yttrium-Rare Earth as well as Magnesium-Aluminium-Zinc composition in course to the test methods development. While clearly the AZ31 alloy fails in such a laboratory test, the other two types pass flawlessly by exhibiting a self-extinguishing behaviour shortly after removing the fire source. None of them are specifically usable for high pressure die casting or thixomolding processes which both are common production methods. From the typically used thixomolding alloys like AZ91D, AM50A, AM60B or AJ62A, the Magnesium-Aluminium-Zinc again is likely to fail in flammability tests due to the low-temperature melting network of eutectic phase. Therefore, the development focussed on Magnesium-Aluminium-Manganese and Magnesium-Aluminium-Strontium type alloys. Calcium – well known for the ability to improve the flammability behaviour – was added in certain concentrations to those alloying systems and investigated regarding self-extinguishing performance, manufacturing issues as well as mechanical properties. The results of these examinations are presented in the following paper.

scholarly journals Development of standardized methods for the analysis of amines, terpenes and ammonia in biomethane

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Cuccia ◽  
Béatrice Sanz ◽  
Dairo Ballestas Castro ◽  
Jianrong Li ◽  
Adriaan M.H. van der Veen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Reference Standards ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Methods Development

European Commission targets specify that 32% of the European energy consumption should come from renewable sources by 2030. One of the most promising options to reach this target is gas generation from biomass, especially biomethane, for injection into natural gas grid. EN 16723 presents specifications for VOCs, corrosive components and compressor oil in biomethane, impurities monitored because of integrity of gas infrastructure and for health and safety reasons. Currently, it proposes test methods that are neither harmonized nor validated, and usually not dedicated to biomethane. Launched in June 2017, the EMPIR project 16ENG05 Metrology for Biomethane is aimed for specific, robust and standardized analytical methods development, along with novel and improved reference standards. The present paper focusses on the developed methods for the monitoring of amines, terpenes and ammonia involving μGC-TCD, TD-GC-MS and OFCEAS.

En face dual fluorescence staining of fatty streaks allows observation of initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 864-865
Author(s):  
Anne M. Klinkner ◽  
Crystal R. Waites ◽  
Peter J. Bugelski ◽  
William D. Kerns
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Dimethyl Formamide ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
En Face ◽  
Biochemical Evaluation ◽  
Stock Solutions ◽  
Dual Staining

A primary effort in the understanding of the progression of atherosclerotic disease has been methods development for visualization of the atherosclerotic plaque. We introduce a new method for the qualitative analysis of lipids in atherosclerotic fatty streaks which also retains those lipids for biochemical evaluation. An original aspect of the process is the ability to view an entire fatty streak en face, selectively stained for specific lipid classes within the lesion.New Zealand white rabbits were fed a high cholesterol diet(0.15%-0.3% for 14 wks). The aorta was removed and fixed in Carson's phosphate buffered formaldehyde followed by dual staining in the fluorescent dyes Nile red and filipin. Stock solutions of nile red(0.5mg/ml acetone) and filipin(2.5mg/ml dimethyl formamide) were prepared and kept at -20°C; all subsequent steps were at RT. 0.5cm × 1.0cm pieces of aorta were trimmed and adventitia removed. The pieces were then washed 3×15 min in PBS w/o CaMg, soaked in Nile red(NR)/filipin(Fl) stain(100(il NR stock + 200μl Fl stock in 10 ml PBS for 30 min, washed in PBS 3×30 min, rinsed with distilled water, mounted(Crystal Mount, Biomedia) and coverslipped and viewed by fluorescence microscopy.

Laboratory proficiency in susceptibility testing of Helicobacter pylori using agar dilution and E test methods

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A586-A587
Author(s):  
L BEST ◽  
S JO ◽  
V VANZANTEN ◽  
D HALDANE ◽  
V LOO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Agar Dilution
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