Quality Control in Field Sampling Methods

2009 ◽  
pp. 329-329-10
Author(s):  
KN Kontopanos ◽  
ES Williams
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Field Sampling

Planning programs to estimate salmon harvest with coded-wire tags

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1983-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R Bernard ◽  
Robert P Marshall ◽  
John E Clark
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Cost Functions ◽  
Commercial Fisheries ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Field Sampling ◽  
Tag Loss ◽  
Coded Wire Tags

Methods are presented for planning individual catch-sampling, tagging, and field-sampling programs to estimate salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) harvest in recreational and commercial fisheries from several hatchery-produced and wild cohorts through recovery of coded-wire tags. We show how to determine sample sizes sufficiently large to detect harvest and link sample sizes to expenditures through linear and allometric cost functions to determine optimal tagging and catch-sampling rates. Sample sizes that will minimize bias and variance are charted for field-sampling programs designed to estimate the fraction of a cohort with tags. We describe sampling strategies that can be used to detect or to minimize bias in harvest estimates from tag loss, tag-induced mortality, tag-induced straying, and nonrandom sampling. Methods are demonstrated with data on cohorts of chinook (O. tshawytscha) and coho salmon (O. kisutch) from Alaska.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Three Field Sampling Methods to Estimate Soil Carbon Content

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Worsham ◽  
Daniel Markewitz ◽  
Nathan P. Nibbelink ◽  
Larry T. West
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Field Sampling ◽  
Soil Carbon Content

Uranium-Thorium Dating of Cave Art

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair W.G. Pike
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Organic Pigments ◽  
Cave Paintings ◽  
Show Cave ◽  
Cave Painting ◽  
Cave Art

The uranium-thorium (U-Th) method can constrain the age of cave art by providing dates of formation of calcite deposits from on top of paintings or calcite layers on which paintings were done. It is particularly useful for art made without radiocarbon datable organic pigments or binders, or where contamination of radiocarbon samples is an issue. The U-Th method is outlined, including various sampling methods, checks for quality control, and a discussion of methods of correction for contaminating detritus. Recent applications of the method to the chronology of cave art are given, including a brief discussion of results that show cave paintings older than c. 40,000 years in both Spain and Sulawesi and their implication for the origins of cave painting.

scholarly journals Field sampling methods for investigating forest-floor bryophytes: Microcoenose vs. random sampling

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-598
Author(s):  
Milos Ilic ◽  
Ruzica Igic ◽  
Mirjana Cuk ◽  
Dragana Vukov
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Field Sampling ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Quadrat Size

Because of the high importance of bryophytes in forest ecosystems, it is necessary to develop standardized field sampling methodologies. The quadrat method is commonly used for bryophyte diversity and distribution pattern surveys. Quadrat size and the position of quadrats within the studied area have a significant influence on different analyses. The aim of the present study was to define the minimum quadrat size appropriate for sampling ground bryophytes in temperate beech forests, to compare two different field sampling methods for research on ground bryophytes, the random and microcoenose methods; and to test the adequacy of the microcoenose sampling method in temperate beech forests. Research was carried out on Fruska Gora mountain (Serbia) at four different sites. All sites contained temperate broadleaf forest vegetation, predominantly Fagus sylvatica, but also included various other tree species. Systematic sampling based on nested quadrats was used to determine the minimum sampling area. Random sampling was performed using 10 or 20 microplots (minimum area quadrat), randomly located within 10x10 m plots. Microcoenose sampling is a systematic sampling method based on the fact that every bryophyte fragment on the forest floor is a separate microcoenose. These methods were compared using the following criteria: species richness; Shannon?s diversity index and evenness measure; coverage of dominant species, and the time needed for sampling. The microcoenose sampling method has proven to be highly applicable in temperate beech forests in terms of species richness and diversity, in contrast to random sampling, which was not suitable for bryophyte flora with a patchy distribution.

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