Collection and Preparation of Soil Samples for the Federal Soil Survey Laboratory Program

2009 ◽  
pp. 32-32-9
Author(s):  
LE Brown ◽  
TG Reinsch
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Survey

scholarly journals Characterization and Classification of Soils of Harve-1 Microwatershed of Chamarajanagar District, Karnataka, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Rajendra Hegde ◽  
M. B. Mahendra Kumar ◽  
K. V. Niranjana ◽  
K. V. Seema ◽  
B. A. Dhanorkar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay

Aims: The detailed survey of the microwatershed was carried out by using digitized cadastral map as a base. The objective of the investigation was undertaken to characterize and classify the soils of Harve-1 microwatershed of Chamarajanagar district, Karnataka. Place and Duration of Study: soil survey was done and soil samples were collected from Harve-1 microwatershed of Chamarajanagar district in the year 2016. The laboratory characterization and soil classification work was done at National Bureau of soil survey and land use planning, Regional centre Hebbal, Bangalore, Karnataka. Methodology: Using Cartosat-1 and LISS-IV merged satellite data at the scale of 1:7920 were used in conjunction with the cadastral map as a base. Soil profiles were exposed and location of soil profiles was recorded using GPS and studied from each landform for describing morphological characteristic as per the guidelines given in USDA soil survey manual (Soil Survey Staff 2014). Based on the soil-site characteristics, ten soil series were identified using the method employed by Reddy (2006). Horizon wise soil samples were collected, processed and analysed for various properties by adopting standard procedure. Results: The study showed that, the soils were moderately shallow to moderately deep in depth. The colour of the soils varied from dark red to dark reddish brown. Texture of the soil varied from sandy loam to sandy clay loam in surface and sandy clay loam to sandy clay in subsurface. The structure was weak medium sub-angular blocky to moderate medium sub-angular blocky throughout the profile in all series. The consistency of majority of the soils were friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic in surface and friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic in subsurface. Soil reaction varied from slightly acidic to alkaline (5.70 to 8.18) in nature. Organic carbon content of the soils was low to high (0.20 to 1.24 per cent). Calcium and magnesium are dominant exchangeable cations followed by sodium and potassium. The CEC of the soils ranged from 3.17 to 25.76 cmol (p+) kg-1. Major proportion of soil series in the microwatershed belonged to the order of Alfisols (Paralitic Rhodustalfs, Typic Rhodustalfs, Typic Haplustalfs and Rhodic Paleustalfs) except Honnenahalli (HNH) series belong to the order of Inceptisols (Typic Haplustepts). Conclusion: The soils of the microwatershed were comes under the order of alfisols and inceptisols. This generated information can help the researchers, farmers and planners to manage the natural resources for future planning and also to achieve sustainable productivity.

scholarly journals SOIL MAPPING OF THE NURSERY OF THE URAL EDUCATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL FORESTRY

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
А.Е. ОСИПЕНКО ◽  
Д.В. ГИЛЯЗОВА ◽  
К.А. БАШЕГУРОВ ◽  
Л.П. АБРАМОВА ◽  
И.А. ПАНИН
Keyword(s):  
Average Power ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Mapping ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Minimum Power ◽  
Soil Map ◽  
The Third ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Brown Color

В статье описаны исследования почв первого участка питомника Уральского учебно-опытного лесхоза. Полевые работы осуществлялись в сентябре 2020 г. Исследования были начаты в связи с необходимостью составления проекта реконструкции питомника. В ходе почвенной съемки была заложена сеть из 22 точек исследования на площади 2,8 га. Схема размещения точек исследования приведена в статье. Всего было заложено 2 разреза, 8 полуразрезов, 12 прикопок. Описание морфологических признаков почвы заложен- ных разрезов также приводится в данной статье. Установлено, что средняя мощность пахотного горизон- та исследуемого участка составила 29,8 ± 1,4 см при минимальной мощности 18 см и максимуме 44 см. В точках исследования было отобрано 36 почвенных образцов в двух повторностях. Почва питомника была отнесена к типу дерново-подзолистые окультуренные и виду дерново-слабоподзолистые. По мощности пахотного слоя исследуемые почвы классифицированы как среднепахотные с признаками средне- и силь- ноокультуренных почв. В одном из заложенных разрезов было зафиксировано, что подзолистый горизонт полностью перепахан и даже в горизонте В видны следы трансформации. Во втором разрезе горизонт А2 вовлечён в пахотный слой не полностью, а подпахотный горизонт (А2В) имеет белесовато-бурую окраску. Исследования почв питомника Уральского учебно-опытного лесхоза будут продолжены в лаборатории ка- федры лесоводства УГЛТУ. На основании данных исследований планируется составить почвенную карту и оценить почвы питомника на предмет пригодности для выращивания декоративного и лесного поса- дочного материала. Работы по почвенной съемке на втором и третьем участках исследуемого питомника запланированы на лето 2021 г. Field work was carried out in September 2020. Research was begun in connection with the need to draw up a project for the reconstruction of the nursery. During the soil survey, a network of 22 study points was laid on an area of 2. 8 hectares. The diagram of study point displacement is given in the article. In total, 2 cuts, 8 half-cuts, 12 traps were laid. A description of the morphological signs of the soil of the laid sections is also given in this article. It was established that the average power of the arable horizon of the study site was 29.8 ± 1.4 cm, with a minimum power of 18 cm and a mac-simum of 44 cm. At the points of study, 36 soil samples in two repetitions were selected. The soil of the nursery was classifi ed as der-new-podzolic cultivated and sod-slightly podzolic. According to the capacity of the arable layer, the studied soils are classifi ed as medium-arable with signs of medium and highly cultured soils. In one of the laid cuts, it was recorded that the podzolic gori-umbrella was completely swamped, and even in horizon B there are signs of transfer. In the second section, the horizon А2 not involved in the arable layer by half, but the under-arable horizon (А2В) has a whitish-brown color. Soil studies of the nursery of the Ural Educational and Experimental Forestry will be continued in the laboratory of the Department of Forestry of USFEU. Based on these studies, it is planned to draw up a soil map and evaluate the nursery soils for suitability for growing ornamental and forest planting material. Soil survey work on the WTO and the third section of the studied nursery is planned for the summer of 2021.

scholarly journals Is Standardization Necessary for Sharing of a Large Mid-Infrared Soil Spectral Library?

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6729
Author(s):  
Shree R. S. Dangal ◽  
Jonathan Sanderman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Spectral Library ◽  
Calibration Transfer ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Calibration Models ◽  
Spectral Libraries

Recent developments in diffuse reflectance soil spectroscopy have increasingly focused on building and using large soil spectral libraries with the purpose of supporting many activities relevant to monitoring, mapping and managing soil resources. A potential limitation of using a mid-infrared (MIR) spectral library developed by another laboratory is the need to account for inherent differences in the signal strength at each wavelength associated with different instrumental and environmental conditions. Here we apply predictive models built using the USDA National Soil Survey Center–Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory (NSSC-KSSL) MIR spectral library (n = 56,155) to samples sets of European and US origin scanned on a secondary spectrometer to assess the need for calibration transfer using a piecewise direct standardization (PDS) approach in transforming spectra before predicting carbon cycle relevant soil properties (bulk density, CaCO3, organic carbon, clay and pH). The European soil samples were from the land use/cover area frame statistical survey (LUCAS) database available through the European Soil Data Center (ESDAC), while the US soil samples were from the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON). Additionally, the performance of the predictive models on PDS transfer spectra was tested against the direct calibration models built using samples scanned on the secondary spectrometer. On independent test sets of European and US origin, PDS improved predictions for most but not all soil properties with memory based learning (MBL) models generally outperforming partial least squares regression and Cubist models. Our study suggests that while good-to-excellent results can be obtained without calibration transfer, for most of the cases presented in this study, PDS was necessary for unbiased predictions. The MBL models also outperformed the direct calibration models for most of the soil properties. For laboratories building new spectroscopy capacity utilizing existing spectral libraries, it appears necessary to develop calibration transfer using PDS or other calibration transfer techniques to obtain the least biased and most precise predictions of different soil properties.

scholarly journals MEASUREMENT OF SOIL COLOR

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Shields ◽  
R. J. St. Arnaud ◽  
E. A. Paul ◽  
J. S. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Soil Color ◽  
Color Chart ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Visual Color ◽  
Sufficient Magnitude

The color of cultivated surface samples from Chernozemic and Gray Wooded soils were measured by visual and spectroreflectance methods. Variations in visual color measurements among different observers were of sufficient magnitude to represent serious errors in the application of the soil color criteria outlined in the Canadian soil classification system.Spectroreflectance measurements facilitated the accurate measurement and characterization of the Munsell renotations of Chernozemic and Gray Wooded soils sampled within their respective soil zones. The ratio of renotation value: renotation chroma of the Chernozemic samples (air-dry) were distinctly lower than those of the Gray Wooded samples. The presence of moisture caused a greater decrease in the renotation value of the Gray Wooded samples than it did in the Chernozemic samples. The renotation hue of most of the measured samples occurred midway between the 10YR and 2.5Y hue charts currently available in the Munsell soil color chart series.Color measurement of cultivated surface soil samples taken within the various soil zones of Saskatchewan indicated discrepancies between their renotation values and the color criteria currently suggested by the National Soil Survey Committee of Canada for the respective soils at the Order and Great Group levels.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Potato Wart Caused by Synchytrium endobioticum on Prince Edward Island, Canada

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (12) ◽  
pp. 1292-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. De Boer
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Potato Wart ◽  
Synchytrium Endobioticum ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Infested Field

During harvest (October 2000) of a 26-ha field of processing potatoes (cv. Russet Burbank) on Prince Edward Island (PEI), a small number of tubers with symptoms of potato wart were found in a 1-ha area of the field. Resting sporangia of Synchytrium endobioticum were present in diseased tissue. Potato wart is not endemic in Canada outside of Newfoundland, where the disease has occurred since 1909, and has been under official quarantine control since 1912 (1). In the United States, the disease was eradicated from Pennsylvania and West Virginia by 1974 and, more recently, was eradicated from Maryland, where its presence had been reconfirmed in 1987 (2). Anecdotal information pertaining to the PEI field suggests that the source of infection may have been infected tubers from Newfoundland that were grown in this portion of the field many years ago. Cv. Russet Burbank is resistant to pathotype 1 which occurs in the United Kingdom, but is susceptible to pathotype 2, which predominates in Newfoundland (1). A soil survey confirmed the presence of S. endobioticum resting sporangia in the 1-ha area in which the symptomatic tubers were found. Concentrations of sporangia ranged from <1 to 124 sporangium per g of air-dried soil. Resting sporangia of S. endobioticum were not found in soil samples from fields within a 0.8-km radius of the infested field, nearby garden plots, or fields in which the same equipment had been used since 1984. References: (1) M. C. Hampson. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 15:223, 1993. (2) M. L. Putnam and A. B. Sindermann. Am. Potato J. 71:743, 1994.

scholarly journals HIGH RESOLUTION SOIL SURVEY OF CAPULIN VOLCANO NATIONAL MONUMENT, NEW MEXICO, USA

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Weindorf ◽  
B. Rinard ◽  
S. Johnson ◽  
B. Haggard ◽  
J. McPherson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
National Monument ◽  
Physicochemical Data ◽  
Slope Class

A high resolution survey was conducted of surface soil samples at Capulin Volcano National Monument in northeastern New Mexico, USA. Composited grid samples were collected and processed for physicochemical data. Brief site descriptions were made at each sampling location. Several departures from established USDA-NRCS SSURGO soils data were noted. Localized discrepancies in soil texture, slope class, elevation and soil pH were readily apparent in the data. Either the range of characteristics of soils mapped at the monument needs to be expanded, or new soil series should be utilized at the monument to reflect the differences observed.

scholarly journals Mapping and classification of a 100 hectare land at uzanu community, Edo state, Nigeria.

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Lucky Agbogun ◽  
Umweni A.S. ◽  
Kadiri O.H ◽  
Faith Okunsebor
Keyword(s):  
Soil Classification ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Mapping Unit ◽  
Mapping Process ◽  
Edo State

This study was carried out at Uzanu Community in Etsako East Local Government Area of Edo State to identify some of the major soils of the project area, through a soil mapping process. The methodology involved mapping of the soils of a 100 hectare land using the rigid grid soil survey method at a detailed scale. Four mapping units were delineated from the ten transects of 100 m apart and 100 m interval examination points along transects which gave a total of 84 auger points. Four representative pedons were sunk, described and sampled. Soil samples were analyzed using standard methods. Soils were classified according to USDA soil taxonomy System of Soil Classification. Series classification was locally defined using guidelines provided by Smyth and Montgomery. The results showed that Pedon 1 representing a mapping unit with area coverage of 14.2 hectares or 14.2 % of the entire research area was classified as Loamy Isohyperthermic Typic Plinthudult and locally as Origo series. The soils of mapping unit two, covering an area of 13.2 hectares or 13.2 % were classified as Loamy Isohyperthermic Ruptic-Ultic-Dystrudept and locally as Origo series. Pedon three soils, covering an area of 38 hectares or 38 % were classified as Loamy Isohyperthermic Typic Plinthudult and locally as Origo series while the soils of mapping unit four represented by pedon four, covering an area of 34.7 hectares or 34.7 % were classified as Coarse Loamy Isohyperthermic Ruptic-Ultic-Dystrudept and locally as Ekiti series.

scholarly journals The long-term changes in soil organic matter contents and quality in Chernozems  

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horáček Jan ◽  
Novák Pavel ◽  
Liebhard Peter ◽  
Strosser Eduard ◽  
Babulicová Mária
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Open Issue

For the purposes of assessment of long-term changes, two sets of Chernozems soil samples were analysed and compared in parallel: ‘old’ file samples obtained during the Soil Survey 1960–1970 in the former Czechoslovakia and a ‘present’ (2013) set of samples from exactly the same sites as the archive samples. The recently collected samples revealed worse qualitative parameters (lower humic acid to fulvic acid (HA/FA) ratios and higher colour quotient Q4/6 values) than the file samples, for all the localities. On the other side, the quantitative soil organic matter (SOM) parameters (oxidizable carbon (C<sub>ox</sub>) and all its determined components) showed contrary results. The amount of total SOM at the same sites is higher now than it was about 50 years ago. It can be concluded that the current decline in SOM quality in Chernozems is partly compensated for by higher accumulation of SOM in the soils. All the analysed Chernozem samples were found to have much worse qualitative SOM parameters than the values mentioned for this soil type in the older literature. However, a comparison of the current data and the file data of Chernozem SOM quality can still be considered an open issue and require more complex research.  

scholarly journals The using pilotless vehicle pictures for urban ecosystem soil-vegetable cover ecological condition estimating

2014 ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
I. N. Gorokhova ◽  
T. I. Borisochkina ◽  
E. A. Shishkonakova
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Geochemical Analysis ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
Soil Status ◽  
New Moscow

A soil-environmental analysis of the urbanized ecosystem represented by the key site “Kurilovo” in New Moscow has been made using the images obtained by pilotless air-craft and modern GIS-technologies. In the course of this study the decoding of remote materials and field soil survey were conducted to describe the vegetation and soils; the geochemical analysis of soil samples was made with the aim at compiling an electronic ecological map of the area under study. These studies allowed us to specify the boundaries of the key area, to evaluate the vegetation and soil status in forests, residential and industrial areas as well as to identify the areas covered by contaminated soils.

scholarly journals A Comparative Assessment of Soil Series Wise Fertility in Bheramara Upazilla of Kushtia District of Bangladesh between the Years 1995 to 2016

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Md. Safiqul Moula ◽  
Rafeza Begum ◽  
Manik C. Roy ◽  
Md. Nazmul Islam ◽  
Md. Imran U. Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Positive Direction

Aims: An experiment to quantify the changes in soil fertility in terms of available nutrient content was carried out between 1995 to 2016. Study Design: The design of the study was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Place and Duration of Study: Bheramara upazilla of Kuahtia district in Bangladesh; between the years 1995 (considered as base line database) to 2016. Methodology: Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI) conducted semi-detailed soil survey at Bheramara upazilla of Kushtia district in 1995 and collected 18 soil samples and analyzed in the laboratory for chemical parameters. These data considered as baseline information for the present study (2016) and 18 soil samples were collected from the same or adjacent sampling point in 1995. Land use, organic matter application, crop yield and fertilizer use related information were also collected during the survey. Chemical analysis was performed in the regional laboratory, SRDI, Kushtia by following standard methods. Results: Results revealed that soil pH and boron decreased significantly in most of the soil series. Organic Matter in all the series except Ganges silt significantly increased over the year. The variation in potassium content over the year was insignificant in all soil series except Sara series. In some soil series phosphorus and sulfur either increased or decreased over the year while soil zinc content did not varied significantly over the year. Conclusion: Soil nutrient data of the study area revealed that most of the parameters assessed showed positive direction towards fertility development due to agricultural knowledge development and advance soil and fertilizer management practices.

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