Predicting the Toxic Hazard of Cable Fires

2009 ◽  
pp. 46-46-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
FB Clarke ◽  
H van Kuijk ◽  
S Steele
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Hazard

Study of the Environmental Hazard Caused by the Oil Shale Industry Solid Waste

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Põllumaa ◽  
Alla Maloveryan ◽  
Marina Trapido ◽  
Helgi Sillak ◽  
Anne Kahru
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Environmental Hazard ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Toxic Hazard ◽  
Water Extractable ◽  
Acute Toxic

The environmental hazard was studied of eight soil and solid waste samples originating from a region of Estonia heavily polluted by the oil shale industry. The samples were contaminated mainly with oil products (up to 7231mg/kg) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; up to 434mg/kg). Concentrations of heavy metals and water-extractable phenols were low. The toxicities of the aqueous extracts of solid-phase samples were evaluated by using a battery of Toxkit tests (involving crustaceans, protozoa, rotifers and algae). Waste rock and fresh semi-coke were classified as of “high acute toxic hazard”, whereas aged semi-coke and most of the polluted soils were classified as of “acute toxic hazard”. Analysis of the soil slurries by using the photobacterial solid-phase flash assay showed the presence of particle-bound toxicity in most samples. In the case of four samples out of the eight, chemical and toxicological evaluations both showed that the levels of PAHs, oil products or both exceeded their respective permitted limit values for the living zone (20mg PAHs/kg and 500mg oil products/kg); the toxicity tests showed a toxic hazard. However, in the case of three samples, the chemical and toxicological hazard predictions differed markedly: polluted soil from the Erra River bank contained 2334mg oil/kg, but did not show any water-extractable toxicity. In contrast, spent rock and aged semi-coke that contained none of the pollutants in hazardous concentrations, showed adverse effects in toxicity tests. The environmental hazard of solid waste deposits from the oil shale industry needs further assessment.

An Evaluation of Smoke Toxicity and Toxic Hazard of Electrical Nonmetallic Tubing Combustion Products

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C. Packham ◽  
M.B. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Products ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Smoke Toxicity ◽  
Toxic Hazard

Small-scale smoke toxicity tests were performed on polyvinylchloride-based electrical nonmetallic tubing (PVC/ENT) using the National Bureau of Stan dards (NBS) protocol for nonflaming combustion. An LC50 of 28.5 mg/L (± 9.25) was determined, placing PVC/ENT smoke in a toxicity category comparable to smoke from wood.

Toxic hazard and chemical analysis of leachates from furfurylated wood

2010 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Annica Pilgård ◽  
Andreas Treu ◽  
Albert N.T. van Zeeland ◽  
Richard J.A. Gosselink ◽  
Mats Westin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Toxic Hazard

Assessing toxic hazard as it relates to overall fire hazard

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Fowell
Keyword(s):  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Toxic Hazard

scholarly journals Astaxanthin Mitigates Thiacloprid-Induced Liver Injury and Immunotoxicity in Male Rats

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Shimaa M. Abou-Zeid ◽  
Samira H. Aljuaydi ◽  
Huda O. AbuBakr ◽  
Enas A. Tahoun ◽  
Alessandro Di Cerbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Hepatotoxic Effect ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticide ◽  
Toxic Hazard

Thiacloprid (TCP) is a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide with a probable toxic hazard to animals and human beings. This hazard has intensified the demand for natural compounds to alleviate the expected toxic insults. This study aimed at determining whether astaxanthin (ASX) could mitigate the hepatotoxic effect of TCP and diminish its suppressive effect on immune responses in rats. Animals received TCP by gavage at 62.1 mg/kg (1/10th LD50) with or without ASX at 40 mg/kg for 60 days. Intoxicated rats showed modulation of serum transaminases and protein profiles. The hemagglutination antibody titer to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and the number of plaque-forming cells in the spleen were reduced. The cell-mediated immunity and phagocytosis were suppressed, while serum interleukins IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 were elevated. Additionally, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine levels were increased in the liver, spleen, and thymus, with depletion of glutathione and suppression of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and the high mobility group box protein 1 genes were upregulated with histomorphological alterations in the aforementioned organs. Cotreatment with ASX markedly ameliorated the toxic effects of TCP, and all markers showed a regression trend towards control values. Collectively, our data suggest that the protective effects of ASX on the liver and immune system of TCP-treated animals depend upon improving the antioxidant status and relieving the inflammatory response, and thus it may be used as a promising therapeutic agent to provide superior hepato- and immunoprotection.

Methodology for Small-Scale Toxic Hazard Assessment of Burning Cables

2005 ◽  
pp. 348-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Richard Hull ◽  
Claire L. Wills ◽  
Krzysztof Lebek ◽  
Keith Paul ◽  
Dennis Price
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Toxic Hazard
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