New Accelerated Light Fastness Test with Super High Irradiance Using a Xenon Arc Lamp

2009 ◽  
pp. 232-232-15
Author(s):  
S Suga ◽  
S Suga
Keyword(s):  
High Irradiance ◽  
Light Fastness

Light fastness of ink jet prints on modified conventional coatings

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katri Vikman ◽  
Tapani Vuorinen
Keyword(s):  
Light Fastness ◽  
Ink Jet

PRINTING. The ageing resistance of offset and electrophotographic prints

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-749
Author(s):  
Silva Grilj ◽  
Tadeja Muck ◽  
Diana Gregor-Svetec
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Surface Coating ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Colour Stability ◽  
Light Fastness ◽  
Moist Heat ◽  
Printing Technique ◽  
Lower Light ◽  
Recycled Fibres ◽  
2D And 3D

Abstract The moist heat (80°C and 65% relative humidity) and light (xenon arc lamp) treatments of accelerated ageing were applied to investigate the colour stability of offset and electrophotographic prints on papers made of virgin and I 00% recycled fibres. The prints were evaluated using spectrophotometric measurements and additional colour differences calculations. In addition to the colour differences, the 2D and 3D colour gamuts are presented. The results reveal the different colour stability of prints. The effect depends on the type of accelerated ageing, printing technique, composition of ink and paper characteristics. Moist heat ageing has less influence on colour stability than light ageing. The electrophotographic prints show better ageing resistance than offset prints. The intluence of ink on print light fastness is considerable. Azo pigments in magenta and yellow have lower light fastness than phthalocyanine pigments in cyan or carbon black. The surface coating has an intluence on light fastness of prints. Meanwhile, prints on recycled papers show similar colour stability compared to prints on papers made of virgin fibres

The Use of Ultrasound in Bio-Treatment of Jute Yarn with Laccase Enzyme

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-286
Author(s):  
Ali A. Zolriasatein
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Jute Fiber ◽  
Light Fastness ◽  
Color Strength ◽  
Yellowness Index ◽  
Laccase Enzyme ◽  
Enzymatic Delignification ◽  
Jute Yarn

Background and Objective: Jute fiber is highly sensitive to the action of light. Significant features of the photochemical changes lose its tensile strength and develop a yellow color. It has been proved that the phenolic structure of lignin is responsible for the yellowing of jute fiber. In order to remove lignin, jute yarns were treated with laccase enzyme in different treatment times and ultrasonic powers. Lower whiteness index and higher yellowness index values were obtained by the laccase-ultrasound system in contrast to conventional laccase treatment. Methods: The laccase enzyme which entered the fibers by applying ultrasound, decreased the tensile strength while the loss in tensile strength was lower at high ultrasound intensities. FT-IR spectrum showed that the band at 1634 cm-1 assigned to lignin completely disappeared after laccase treatment in the presence of ultrasound. The absence of this peak in the laccase-ultrasound treated jute yarn suggests complete removal of lignin. Change in the morphology of fibers was observed by SEM before and after enzymatic delignification. The laccase-ultrasound treated yarns showed a rougher surface and more porosity. On the other hand, it was more effective in fibrillation of the jute fibers than the conventional method. Finally, bio-treated jute yarns were dyed with basic and reactive dyes. Results: The results indicated that at low intensities of ultrasound and relatively long reaction times, lignin can be more effectively removed and dye strength (K/S) increased to a higher extent. Laccase-ultrasound treatment increased the color strength by 33.65% and 23.40% for reactive and basic dyes respectively. Conclusion: In the case of light fastness, the conventional laccase treated yarns provided better protection than laccase-ultrasound treated yarns.

Kinetic energy and spatial distribution of ions in high irradiance laser ionization source

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiming Lin ◽  
Ruibin Xu ◽  
Lingfeng Li ◽  
Wei Hang ◽  
Jian He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Laser Ionization ◽  
Ionization Source

High-Irradiance Degradation Studies of Metamorphic 1eV GaInAs Solar Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan M. France ◽  
Myles A. Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Active Region ◽  
Dislocation Density ◽  
Dark Current ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Threading Dislocation ◽  
Threading Dislocation Density ◽  
Degradation Studies

ABSTRACTInitial tests are performed regarding the degradation of lattice-mismatched GaInAs solar cells. 1eV metamorphic GaInAs solar cells with 1-2×106 cm-2 threading dislocation density in the active region are irradiated with an 808 nm laser for 2 weeks time under a variety of temperature and illumination conditions. All devices show a small degradation in Voc that is logarithmic with time. The absolute loss in performance after 2 weeks illuminated at 1300 suns equivalent and 125°C is 7 mV Voc and 0.2% efficiency, showing these devices to be relatively stable. The dark current increases with time and is analyzed with a two-diode model. A GaAs control cell degrades at the same rate, suggesting that the observed degradation mechanism is not related to the additional dislocations in the GaInAs devices.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in the Study of Peroxiredoxin in the Harmful Algal Bloom Species Chattonella marina

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Yohei Shimasaki ◽  
Koki Mukai ◽  
Yuki Takai ◽  
Xuchun Qiu ◽  
Yuji Oshima
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Exponential Growth Phase ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Chattonella Marina ◽  
Strong Light ◽  
Expression Strain

Peroxiredoxin (Prx) is a relatively recently discovered antioxidant enzyme family that scavenges peroxides and is known to be present in organisms from biological taxa ranging from bacteria to multicellular eukaryotes, including photosynthetic organisms. Although there have been many studies of the Prx family in higher plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria, few studies have concerned raphidophytes and dinoflagellates, which are among the eukaryotic algae that cause harmful algal blooms (HABs). In our proteomic study using 2-D electrophoresis, we found a highly expressed 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (2-CysPrx) in the raphidophyte Chattonella marina var. antiqua, a species that induces mass mortality of aquacultured fish. The abundance of the C. marina 2-CysPrx enzyme was highest in the exponential growth phase, during which photosynthetic activity was high, and it then decreased by about a factor of two during the late stationary growth phase. This pattern suggested that 2-CysPrx is a key enzyme involved in the maintenance of high photosynthesis activity. In addition, the fact that the depression of photosynthesis by excessively high irradiance was more severe in the 2-CysPrx low-expression strain (wild type) than in the normal-expression strain (wild type) of C. marina suggested that 2-CysPrx played a critical role in protecting the cell from oxidative stress caused by exposure to excessively high irradiance. In the field of HAB research, estimates of growth potential have been desired to predict the population dynamics of HABs for mitigating damage to fisheries. Therefore, omics approaches have recently begun to be applied to elucidate the physiology of the growth of HAB species. In this review, we describe the progress we have made using a molecular physiological approach to identify the roles of 2-CysPrx and other antioxidant enzymes in mitigating environmental stress associated with strong light and high temperatures and resultant oxidative stress. We also describe results of a survey of expressed Prx genes and their growth-phase-dependent behavior in C. marina using RNA-seq analysis. Finally, we speculate about the function of these genes and the ecological significance of 2-CysPrx, such as its involvement in circadian rhythms and the toxicity of C. marina to fish.

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