Chemical Components and Mechanical Properties of Urinary Calculi

2009 ◽  
pp. 267-267-8
Author(s):  
M Uchida ◽  
Y Imaide ◽  
H Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Chemical Components

Laser Surface Cladding of Al-Si Alloy

2005 ◽  
Vol 297-300 ◽  
pp. 2813-2818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Cai ◽  
Xiaoyu Yang ◽  
Tao Zhao ◽  
Liuhe Li ◽  
Qiu Long Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Interface Zone ◽  
Gradient Layer ◽  
Modified Layer

The mixture of Ni based alloy powder and WC particles were used as a feeding material to modify the surface properties of cast Al-Si alloy using a CO2 continuous transverse flow laser beam with maximum power of 10 kW. Microstructures and chemical components of the laser surface cladding (LSC) layers were studied using SEM, XRD, TEM and EDS. It is shown that the LSC layers were composed of γ-（ Ni, Cr, Fe, W）matrix phase and many enhancing phases, such as Ni2Al3, Ni3Al, WC, W2C, Cr2B, etc.. The microstructure of the LSC layers was greatly affected by the scanning rate b V and the powder of feeding rate p m under the same laser power. With the increasing of b V and p m , the dissolution phenomenon of WC particles was improved; the length, the diameter and the amount of the acicular constituent were markedly reduced. Microhardness and wear resistance tests were also performed: the average microhardness of the LSC layers was around 5.1 to 5.9GPa, which was five times higher than that of the Al-Si substrate. The wear resistance of the layer was about 20 times as big as that of cast Al-Si alloy when P=6kW, b V =13.3mm s-1, p m =100mg s-1, L=500N. The results showed that the mechanical properties of LSC layers on cast Al-Si alloy can be markedly enhanced with proper processing parameters. However, due to the sudden change of physical and mechanical properties between laser modified layer and substrate, some defects, especially crack, actually occur in the surface modified layer and the interface zone. And finally Ni/WC surface gradient layer was obtained on cast Al-Si alloy through thrice laser scanning technique. The microhardness of the laser gradient layer gradually changed from surface to substrate, so that it can reduce stress concentration in the whole laser surface layer, especially in the interface zone.

scholarly journals Influence of Physical and Chemical Components on the Physical-Mechanical Properties of Ten Brazilian Wood Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Branquinho Duarte ◽  
Francisco Antonio Rocco Lahr ◽  
Antonio Aprigio da Silva Curvelo ◽  
André Luis Christoforo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Research of Product Design in Physically Processed Type Based on Bamboo Composite Characteristics

2011 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li Zhang ◽  
Dong Yang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Geometric Configurations ◽  
Natural Composite ◽  
Line Type

Being a natural composite material, bamboo’s biological anatomy structure, chemical components and particularities in mechanical properties have some influences on the processing and manufacturing of bamboo materials. Based on micromechanical analysis and the combination of structural features of its hollow type curved surface and cleavability, this paper discusses about the feasibility about extension design of bamboo pole as a whole for modeling elements, any possible varieties by vertical and horizontal segmentation for diversified combinational designs like enclosure and assembly; as well as rationality about designing products models in association with line-type materials after cleavage and separation. In the meantime, it presents difficulties in processing and utilization owing to bamboo material’s characteristics in geometric configurations such as small diameter, hollowness, multisections, thin wall and taperingness, and also its only longitudinal fibers.

scholarly journals Decay Process Characteristics and Fungal Community Composition of Salix psammophila Sand Barriers in an Arid Area, Northern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7590
Author(s):  
Xia Yang ◽  
Yumei Liang ◽  
Yong Gao ◽  
Ruidong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Decay Process ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Mechanical Index

With the increase in setting years in deserts, Salix psammophila sand barriers with different degrees of lodging damage caused by decay are losing wind-prevention and sand-fixation properties. In this study, we focus on the change in chemical properties of soils, and physical and mechanical properties of plants along different setting years; meanwhile, the change in fungal communities has been analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results show that a change in physical and mechanical properties and the loss of primary chemical components led to the degradation of the protective properties of the barrier to different degrees. After five years of setting, the physical parameters of basic density and shrinkage rate decreased by 44.04% and 28.68%, respectively, and the loss of the modulus of rupture mechanical index declined by 62.72%. After seven years of setting, the mechanical indexes of the modulus of rupture decreased by 76.95%. Five and seven years represented important inflection points in the decay process. Sordariomycetes (53.75%) and Eurotiomycetes (19.78%) were the main fungal groups present during the decay of the sand barrier. The basic density, moisture content, cellulose, and lignin of the sand barrier were the main driving factors affecting the distribution of fungal communities. The mechanism on fungal community to the decay of sand barriers still needs further studies to keep the function of sand barriers in fragile desert ecosystems.

scholarly journals Study of physical and mechanical properties of laboratory and industrial samples of heat insulating materials used for the production of pre-insulated pipes, fi ttings and polyurethane shells

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
L. V. Luchkina ◽  
G. G. Nikiforova ◽  
V. G. Vasiliev ◽  
S. V. Romanov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Insulating Materials ◽  
Foaming Agents ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Industrial Samples

Polyurethane foam insulation based of environmentally friendly chemical components using novel foaming agents was obtained. Physical and mechanical properties of thermal insulation was investigating. The infl uence of foaming agents on insulation properties and production technology of preinsulated pipes, fi ttings and polyurethane shells was studied. It is shown that when using water and dimethoxymethane, polyurethane foam insulation has quite good physical and mechanical properties and can be used in the production of PI pipes, shells and fi ttings.

scholarly journals Water in Pinus Radiata Wood Secondary Cell Walls: An Investigation Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Stefan James Hill
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wood Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Green State ◽  
Nmr Study ◽  
Cellulose Crystals

<p>The mechanical properties of wood allow it to be used for numerous purposes. For most purposes, drying of the wood material from the green state, sawn from the log, is first required. This drying step significantly improves the strength properties of wood. It is therefore clear that moisture in wood plays an important role in determining the bulk mechanical properties. Over the last century, many studies have been carried out to investigate the way in which the water content wood affects the bulk mechanical properties. More recent studies have focused to the individual chemical components that make up wood to understand the observed changes in bulk mechanical properties. Models of the nanostructure of wood contained; cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, and the arrangement and location of these components in terms of their mechanical properties was interpreted through what was described as the 'slip-stick' mechanism, by which wood, in its green state, maintained its molecular and mechanical properties under external stresses. This model, while insightful, failed to account for the presence and the role of water in the nanostructure of wood. In this work, synchrotron based X-ray diffraction and NMR studies, have been used to develop a new model, in which water plays a vital role in the determination of the mechanical properties of wood in its green, part-dried, and rewet states. X-ray diffraction showed that changes occur to the molecular packing of cellulose crystallites with change in moisture content, and that these changes begin to occur under mild drying conditions, i.e. drying in air at ambient temperatures. These changes depend on the severity of drying, whether ambient or forced oven drying, and are to some extent reversible. A spin-diffusion model was constructed using dimensions obtained from Xray diffraction, comparisons between predictions and experimental data from an NMR study showed that the location of water was dependent on the moisture history of wood. In the green state, at least some of the water in the wood cell wall forms a layer, between the cellulose crystals and the hemicellulose and lignin matrix. If dried and then rewet, this water associated with the cellulose crystals was not present to the same degree as in the green state, allowing a closer association of the hemicellulose with the cellulose. The effect of this change in water distribution in the wood cell wall on the bulk mechanical wood properties was shown in mechanical testing. The nanostructure of the wood cell wall therefore should be considered to contain cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and water, where each component contributes, according to its molecular properties, dynamic mechanical properties which are reflected in the bulk material properties.</p>

scholarly journals Comparison of the properties of the Spruce wood Picea abies L. (Karst.) in various state and rate of degradation by wood-destroying fungus Serpula lacrymans Schröter

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Jiří Holan ◽  
Lukáš Merenda
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
The Times ◽  
Serpula Lacrymans

This article deals with the change of mechanical properties of the Spruce wood (Picea abies L. Karst.) which was exposed to the attack of the wood-destroying fungus Serpula lacrymans Schröter.An activity of the wood-destroying fungus has negattive effect on the wood and its properties. Growth of the wood-destroying fungus causes degradation of the chemical components of wood. Due to this the mechanical properties are changed and strength of the degraded wood is decreasing with extend of the activity time of the wood-destroying fungus. Together with this Serpula lacrymans Schröter causes the weight-shortage.For tests in this article have been chosen the times of one, two and three months of the wood-destroying fungus attack. And then have been established weight-shortage and determined the strength of the degraded wood with Serpula lacrymans Schröter.

Hardness and Structural Properties of Yb3+ Doped B2O3-ZnO-TiO2 Glasses

2017 ◽  
Vol 744 ◽  
pp. 387-392
Author(s):  
Idris Kabalci
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Optical Glass ◽  
Glass Melting ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Glass Compositions

In this study, the main thermal, structural and mechanical properties of optical glass materials were investigated by conventional glass melting method. The thermal properties of optical glass materials are important in that they constitute the first steps towards the investigation of other physical and chemical properties. According to the thermal properties of the material, the glass transition temperature, Tg, increases for different glass compositions. The XRD, XRF, FT-IR and hardness properties of the obtained optical glass materials were determined experimentally in terms of their structural and mechanical properties for their suitability for potential applications. XRD spectra obtained without heat treatment of glass materials show that the material structure is amorphous. In the same way, Vicker’s hardness values of the glassware increase relative to the different glass compositions, resulting in a result that the material is influenced by the bonds between the constituents of the chemical components.

USE OF THE PROCESSED GALVANIC SLIMES AS ONE OF THE RECYCLING OF TECHNOLOGIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Alexandr Kolesnikov ◽  
Alexandr Belkin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Harmful Impurity ◽  
Inorganic Acids ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Galvanic Production ◽  
Definition Of

The analysis of a situation in the sphere of galvanic production recycling is presented in work. Galvanic production is one of the most dangerous sources of environmental pollution. Mainly superficial and under-ground sources are soiled. It occurs because of the large volume of the sewage containing harmful impurity of heavy metals, inorganic acids and alkalis, surfactants and other highly toxic connections and solid waste is formed. Especially because a reagent way of the sewage containing heavy metals in a slightly soluble form. Assessment of harm of chemical components of galvanic slimes is presented. The possibility of slimes processing by hardening in concrete mix as a part of paving slabs is considered. The paving slabs with use of slimes as the painting pigment is offered. The order of carrying out tests for definition of galvanic slimes safety using for production of construc-tion materials (paving slabs) is given. Influence of slimes introduction on mechanical properties of products is shown. The dependence of products color on amount by the entered galvanic slime and possibility of color schemes correction are shown.

Mechanical properties and chemical composition of beech wood exposed for 30 and 120 days to white-rot fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Bari ◽  
Hamid Reza Taghiyari ◽  
Behbood Mohebby ◽  
Carol A. Clausen ◽  
Olaf Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Fungal Decay ◽  
Oriental Beech ◽  
Impact Bending ◽  
Decay Tests

Abstract The effects of exposing specimens of Oriental beech [Fagus sylvatica subsp. orientalis (Lipsky) Greuter and Burdet] to the white-rot fungi Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.: Fr.) Kummer and Trametes versicolor (L.: Fr.) Pilát strain 325 have been studied concerning the mechanical properties and chemical composition in terms of carbohydrates, cellulose, and lignin. Biological decay tests were carried out in accordance with the EN 113 standard specifications for 30 and 120 days. P. ostreatus had nearly the same deteriorating effects on the mechanical properties and chemical composition as that caused by T. versicolor. High and significant correlations were found between some mechanical properties with chemical components; for instance, the correlation coefficient (R2) between impact bending and carbohydrate content was about 0.96. The changes of components influence the various mechanical properties to a different degree. Incipient fungal decay caused severe changes for impact bending and carbohydrate loss. Several other properties declined at 120-day exposure time, such as the hardness, compression strength parallel to grain, and cellulose and lignin losses.

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