Production, Formulation and Delivery of Beneficial Microbes for Biocontrol of Plant Pathogens

2009 ◽  
pp. 173-173-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Fravel ◽  
JA Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Beneficial Microbes

Organic Amendments, Beneficial Microbes, and Soil Microbiota: Toward a Unified Framework for Disease Suppression

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliano Bonanomi ◽  
Matteo Lorito ◽  
Francesco Vinale ◽  
Sheridan L. Woo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Soil Microbiota ◽  
Beneficial Microbes

Organic amendments (OAs) and soilborne biocontrol agents or beneficial microbes (BMs) have been extensively studied and applied worldwide in most agriculturally important plant species. However, poor integration of research and technical approaches has limited the development of effective disease management practices based on the combination of these two bio-based strategies. Insights into the importance of the plant-associated microbiome for crop productivity, which can be modified or modulated by introducing OAs and/or BMs, are providing novel opportunities to achieve the goal of long-term disease control. This review discusses novel ways of functionally characterizing OAs and how they may be used to promote the effect of added biocontrol agents and/or beneficial soil microbiota to support natural suppressiveness of plant pathogens.

scholarly journals Microbial transformation of traditional fermented fertilizer bokashi alters chemical composition and improves plant growth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisreen Abo-Sido ◽  
John W Goss ◽  
Alden Griffith ◽  
Vanja Klepac-Ceraj
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Microbial Transformation ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Beneficial Microbes

Bokashi is an organic soil amendment that makes use of microbial processes to break down agricultural waste and create a nutrient-rich fertilizer. The benefits of various types of bokashi on soil fertility and plant growth are well documented, however the changes in microbial community composition and nutrients during bokashi maturation remain poorly characterized. Here, we aimed to identify potential differences in the quality of bokashi made using different ingredients and to investigate the biochemical transformation and microbial community succession of bokashi throughout the maturation process. We compared the effects of these different types of bokashi on the growth of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and kale (Brassica napus subsp. pabularia) seedlings, measured concentrations of NH4+ and PO43-, and characterized the bokashi bacterial and fungal communities over a 12-day maturation period. We found that cucumber and kale plants growing in all types of bokashi-amended soils exhibited increased chlorophyll levels and dry biomass. During bokashi maturation, we observed a decrease in available PO43-, and an increase in NH4+. There also appeared to be an increase in relative abundances of decomposers and beneficial microbes and a decrease in putative plant pathogens. Regardless of starting bokashi ingredients and differences in microbial composition and nutrient trends, all types of bokashi similarly improve plant growth and contain beneficial microbes.

Freeze substitution fixation of fungal reproductive structures and spores

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 990-991
Author(s):  
C. W. Mims ◽  
E. A. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
Dialysis Membrane ◽  
Razor Blade ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
Diamond Knife

The advantages of freeze substitution fixation over conventional chemical fixation for preservation of ultrastructural details in fungi have been discussed by various authors. As most ascomycetes, basidiomycetes and deuteromycetes do not fix well using conventional chemical fixation protocols, freeze substitution has attracted the attention of many individuals interested in fungal ultrastructure. Thus far most workers using this technique on fungi have concentrated on thin walled somatic hyphae. However, in our laboratory we have experimented with the use of freeze substitution on a variety of fungal reproductive structures and spores with promising results.Here we present data on freeze substituted samples of sporangia of the zygomycete Umbellopsis vinacea, basidia of Exobasidium camelliae var. gracilis, developing teliospores of the smut Sporisorium sorghi, germinating teliospores of the rust Gymnosporangium clavipes, germinating conidia of the deuteromycete Cercosporidium personatum, and developing ascospores of Ascodesmis nigricans.Spores of G. clavipes and C. personatum were deposited on moist pieces of sterile dialysis membrane where they hydrated and germinated. Asci of A. nigricans developed on pieces of dialysis membrane lying on nutrient agar plates. U. vinacea was cultured on small pieces of agar-coated wire. In the plant pathogens E. camelliae var. gracilis and S. sorghi, a razor blade was used to remove smal1 pieces of infected host issue. All samples were plunged directly into liquid propane and processed for study according to Hoch.l Samples on dialysis membrane were flat embedded. Serial thin sections were cut using a diamond knife, collected on slot grids, and allowed to dry down onto Formvar coated aluminum racks. Sections were post stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

Effect of Homeopathic Preparations on Lettuce, Parasitized or Not by Meloidogyne enterolobii

Homeopathy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Moraes Ferreira ◽  
Mariana Zandomênico Mangeiro ◽  
Alexandre Macedo Almeida ◽  
Ricardo Moreira Souza
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Nematode Control ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Meloidogyne Enterolobii ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Constant Dose ◽  
Lettuce Growth ◽  
Complementary Strategy

Abstract Background There are relatively few scientific works on the use of homeopathy to manage plant pathogens, particularly nematodes. A handful of studies focused on Meloidogyne spp. parasitizing vegetables have brought contradictory results on nematode control and enhancement of plant tolerance to parasitism. Objective Our goal was to assess the effect of Cina—a well-known anti-nematode ingredient—on Meloidogyne enterolobii parasitizing lettuce. Methods Cina was applied daily on nematode-inoculated plants, from the seedling stage until harvest. We tested an evenly spaced range of Hahnemannian concentrations (c), which were applied though irrigation with a constant dose of the ingredient. Several absolute and relative controls were employed to allow the assessment of the effect of Cina on nematode reproduction and lettuce growth. Results Cina affected growth of non-parasitized plants, both positively and negatively; this effect was modulated by the c applied and the thermal stress suffered by the plants in one of the assays. The effect of Cina on the growth of nematode-parasitized plants was neutral or negative. Cina reduced nematode reproduction by 25–36%. Conclusion Based on the moderate negative effect of Cina on M. enterolobii reproduction, it seems this ingredient may be useful as a complementary strategy for Meloidogyne control. But Cina did not enhance the tolerance of lettuce to Meloidogyne spp.

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