Microbeam Analysis of Heavy Element Phases in Polished Sections of Particulate Material — An Improved Insight into Origin and Bioavailability

2009 ◽  
pp. 317-317-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Kennedy ◽  
GS Casuccio ◽  
RJ Lee ◽  
GA Slifka ◽  
MV Ruby
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Element ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Microbeam Analysis ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Environment-Induced Autoimmunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Michael Pollard ◽  
David M. Cauvi ◽  
Jessica M. Mayeux ◽  
Christopher B. Toomey ◽  
Amy K. Peiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Exposures ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Diagnostic Specificity ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Persistent Inflammation ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Tertiary Lymphoid Structures ◽  
Lymphoid Structures ◽  
Insight Into

Although numerous environmental exposures have been suggested as triggers for preclinical autoimmunity, only a few have been confidently linked to autoimmune diseases. For disease-associated exposures, the lung is a common site where chronic exposure results in cellular toxicity, tissue damage, inflammation, and fibrosis. These features are exacerbated by exposures to particulate material, which hampers clearance and degradation, thus facilitating persistent inflammation. Coincident with exposure and resulting pathological processes is the posttranslational modification of self-antigens, which, in concert with the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures containing abundant B cells, is thought to promote the generation of autoantibodies that in some instances demonstrate major histocompatibility complex restriction. Under appropriate gene-environment interactions, these responses can have diagnostic specificity. Greater insight into the molecular and cellular requirements governing this process, especially those that distinguish preclinical autoimmunity from clinical autoimmunedisease, may facilitate determination of the significance of environmental exposures in human autoimmune disease.

Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis: Its Application in the Medico-Legal Autopsy

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Slater ◽  
T. E. Durrant ◽  
T. Gray ◽  
Elizabeth A. Parry
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Interesting Insight ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Insight Into

This article describes the application of transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis in the medico-legal autopsy. The technique has been found to be of value in investigating pneumoconioses, the particulate material in the lungs of drug addicts, gunshot wounds, electrocution marks and the deposition of heavy metals in internal organs and tattoos. Analysis of pulmonary hilar lymph nodes provides interesting insight into environmental and industrial exposure during life.

Analysis of philadelphia aerosol

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1704-1705
Author(s):  
Scott Wight
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Material ◽  
Micrometer Particle ◽  
Pollutant Deposition ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
Urban Airshed ◽  
Particulate Control ◽  
Fine Particulate Material ◽  
High Temperature Combustion ◽  
Insight Into

Size distributions and compositions of atmospheric aerosol are important since they affect such processes as pollutant deposition, visibility reduction, human health, smog formation, and chemical reactions in the atmosphere. Natural and anthropogenic high-temperature combustion sources discharge an abundance of fine particulate material, often with the majority of the mass in the sub-micrometer sized particles. The sub-micrometer particle range is of special interest for source identification because the larger particles are efficiently trapped by the particulate control devices, and the sub-micrometer aerosol exhibits longer residence times in the atmosphere. Insight into the contributing sources to an aerosol population can be gained by investigating the morphology and elemental composition of particles as a function of size.The Philadelphia area is a highly industrialized urban airshed with many discrete sources of aerosol. Philadelphia atmospheric particulate material has been previously characterized with a dichotomous sampler, which produced only two size fractions with a size cutoff at 2.5 μm.

Distribution of R- and S-Process Elements in the Galactic Halo

1988 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 501-506
Author(s):  
C. Sneden ◽  
C. A. Pilachowski ◽  
K. K. Gilroy ◽  
J. J. Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Element ◽  
Galactic Halo ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Process Synthesis ◽  
Element Abundances ◽  
Halo Stars ◽  
Abundance Patterns ◽  
R Process ◽  
Process Elements

Current observational results for the abundances of the very heavy elements (Z>30) in Population II halo stars are reviewed. New high resolution, low noise spectra of many of these extremely metal-poor stars reveal general consistency in their overall abundance patterns. Below Galactic metallicities of [Fe/H] Ã −2, all of the very heavy elements were manufactured almost exclusively in r-process synthesis events. However, there is considerable star-to-star scatter in the overall level of very heavy element abundances, indicating the influence of local supernovas on element production in the very early, unmixed Galactic halo. The s-process appears to contribute substantially to stellar abundances only in stars more metal-rich than [Fe/H] Ã −2.

Calibration problems in hydrogen luminosities

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 322-330
Author(s):  
A. Beer
Keyword(s):  
Galactic Structure ◽  
B Stars ◽  
Insight Into

The investigations which I should like to summarize in this paper concern recent photo-electric luminosity determinations of O and B stars. Their final aim has been the derivation of new stellar distances, and some insight into certain patterns of galactic structure.

Variation of Heavy Element Lines in the Ap Stars

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 311-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Aslanov ◽  
Yu. S. Rustamov ◽  
M. Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Element ◽  
Ap Stars

SummaryLines of U II were found in the spectrograms of the Ap stars HR 465, 17 Com A and HD 224801. Pm II lines were found in HR 465. These lines vary in intensity in HR 465 with a period of 6h41m, in 17 Com A of 71m, and in HD 224801 of 6h.

Stochasting modeling of planetary ring systems

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Entropy ◽  
Ring System ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Ultimate State ◽  
Interparticle Interactions ◽  
Ring Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Planetary Ring ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTThis paper models maximum entropy configurations of idealized gravitational ring systems. Such configurations are of interest because systems generally evolve toward an ultimate state of maximum randomness. For simplicity, attention is confined to ultimate states for which interparticle interactions are no longer of first order importance. The planets, in their orbits about the sun, are one example of such a ring system. The extent to which the present approximation yields insight into ring systems such as Saturn's is explored briefly.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Lateral resolution of the electron microbeam analysis

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 542-543
Author(s):  
H.J. Dudek
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Depth Resolution ◽  
Lateral Resolution ◽  
Cylindrical Particle ◽  
Correction Procedure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Microbeam Analysis ◽  
The Matrix

The chemical inhomogenities in modern materials such as fibers, phases and inclusions, often have diameters in the region of one micrometer. Using electron microbeam analysis for the determination of the element concentrations one has to know the smallest possible diameter of such regions for a given accuracy of the quantitative analysis.In th is paper the correction procedure for the quantitative electron microbeam analysis is extended to a spacial problem to determine the smallest possible measurements of a cylindrical particle P of high D (depth resolution) and diameter L (lateral resolution) embeded in a matrix M and which has to be analysed quantitative with the accuracy q. The mathematical accounts lead to the following form of the characteristic x-ray intens ity of the element i of a particle P embeded in the matrix M in relation to the intensity of a standard S

In situ microprobe quantitation of inorganic particle burden in paraffin sections of lung tissue

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 990-991
Author(s):  
Jerrold L. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Data Result

Inorganic particulate material of diverse types is present in the ambient and occupational environment, and exposure to such materials is a well recognized cause of some lung disease. To investigate the interaction of inhaled inorganic particulates with the lung it is necessary to obtain quantitative information on the particulate burden of lung tissue in a wide variety of situations. The vast majority of diagnostic and experimental tissue samples (biopsies and autopsies) are fixed with formaldehyde solutions, dehydrated with organic solvents and embedded in paraffin wax. Over the past 16 years, I have attempted to obtain maximal analytical use of such tissue with minimal preparative steps. Unique diagnostic and research data result from both qualitative and quantitative analyses of sections. Most of the data has been related to inhaled inorganic particulates in lungs, but the basic methods are applicable to any tissues. The preparations are primarily designed for SEM use, but they are stable for storage and transport to other laboratories and several other instruments (e.g., for SIMS techniques).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document