Design Considerations for Sealants When Used at Horizontal Expansion Joints in Masonry Cavity Walls

2009 ◽  
pp. 63-63-21
Author(s):  
TF O'Connor ◽  
HL Droz
Keyword(s):  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Horizontal Expansion

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF METHODS FOR REPAIRING THE BRICK FACING LAYER OF MULTILAYER WALLS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Юлия Избицкая ◽  
Yuliya Izbitskaya ◽  
Светлана Калошина ◽  
Svetlana Kaloshina
Keyword(s):  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cementitious Matrix ◽  
Direct Repair ◽  
Horizontal Expansion ◽  
The Right

This article discusses the methods of repairing the brick facing layer of multilayer walls: repair and restoration of vertical and horizontal expansion joints; use when strengthening repair connections and anchor connections; injection and re-inforcement of cracks; Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Matrix and direct repair of brickwork. The conclusion is made about the importance of choosing the right method of repair and the factors affecting it.

Below-Grade Expansion Joints: Challenges and Best Practices

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa L. Turner ◽  
Rose F. McClure
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural Walls ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
New Buildings ◽  
Structural Separation

<p>Many of our cities are running out of usable construction space for large buildings. New buildings are reaching new heights and new depths, often extending several stories below-grade. This presents challenges for waterproofing, particularly when building foundations extend below the groundwater table. With climate change and sea-level rise, many geographic areas will increasingly need to consider groundwater.</p><p>Building code requirements, especially in seismic regions, often require engineers to design movement joints or separation joints in below-grade structures. But foundation waterproofing materials are designed to seal around a building, not a void or an excavation. Structural joints are more susceptible to leakage, and higher volumes of leakage, than areas with solid backup.</p><p>We review design considerations for movement joints and present two case studies: a parking structure with structural separation joints between exterior shotcrete shear walls; and a hospital campus relying on below- grade expansion joints between buildings with differing foundation systems. In both, the presence of below- grade joints necessitates more complicated detailing and installation.</p><p>Experience shows us the best practice is to waterproof the building, not the void. Performance is best when the below-grade structural walls provide a solid, continuous substrate. Where movement joints cannot be avoided, we recommend designing structural elements to also meet the needs of the waterproofing system.</p>

scholarly journals THE ANALYSIS OF DEFECTS AND REPAIR METHODS OF THE FRONT LAYER OF BRICKWORK OF MULTILAYER WALLS ON THE EXAMPLE OF A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING IN PERM

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Y. S Izbitskaya ◽  
S. V Kaloshina ◽  
D. G Zolotozubov
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Longitudinal Reinforcement ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Face Layer ◽  
Cladding Layer ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
The Face ◽  
Horizontal Expansion ◽  
The Aesthetic

The article discusses the problem of defects in the front layer of brickwork of multilayer walls. At many facilities constructed using the technology of laminated masonry with brick facing, after several years of operation, defects such as vertical cracks in the masonry face layer and destruction of the bricks of the face layer begin to appear. These defects violate the aesthetic appearance of the building, reduce the thermal characteristics of the external walls, and, in some cases, can lead to the collapse of certain sections of the brick cladding layer. This problem is considered on the example of a 10-storey residential building with external multilayer walls, located in Perm. The building was commissioned in 2005, but already in 2010, many defects of the front layer of masonry were discovered. The article provides data obtained during surveys carried out in 2010 and 2019. The main defects of the external masonry verst are described, among which one can distinguish the destruction of the masonry face layer, vertical cracks, the absence of stitching along the supporting corner of the masonry, and the absence of expansion joints. The main causes of damage are associated with numerous deviations from the project. The results of calculating the outer verst of brickwork for eccentric compression are presented. As measures aimed at eliminating defects, the article describes possible methods of repairing the face masonry: the installation of vertical and horizontal expansion joints, longitudinal reinforcement and anchoring with BIT rods to prevent the development of vertical cracks and destruction of the masonry.

Shear characteristics of horizontal expansion joints in the Toktogul hydroelectric station dam

1974 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. B. Sudakov ◽  
A. E. Minarskii ◽  
V. I. Pashchenko ◽  
S. K. Vasilevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Hydroelectric Station ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Shear Characteristics ◽  
Horizontal Expansion

Morphological behavior of compatibilized ternary blends prepared by mechanical mixing

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1200-1201
Author(s):  
S.D. Smith ◽  
R.J. Spontak ◽  
D.H. Melik ◽  
S.M. Buehler ◽  
K.M. Kerr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Diblock Copolymers ◽  
Ternary Blends ◽  
Mechanical Mixing ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Covalently Bonded ◽  
Homopolymer Blends ◽  
Emulsifying Agent ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Low Entropy

When blended together, homopolymers A and B will normally macrophase-separate into relatively large (≫1 μm) A-rich and B-rich phases, between which exists poor interfacial adhesion, due to a low entropy of mixing. The size scale of phase separation in such a blend can be reduced, and the extent of interfacial A-B contact and entanglement enhanced, via addition of an emulsifying agent such as an AB diblock copolymer. Diblock copolymers consist of a long sequence of A monomers covalently bonded to a long sequence of B monomers. These materials are surface-active and decrease interfacial tension between immiscible phases much in the same way as do small-molecule surfactants. Previous studies have clearly demonstrated the utility of block copolymers in compatibilizing homopolymer blends and enhancing blend properties such as fracture toughness. It is now recognized that optimization of emulsified ternary blends relies upon design considerations such as sufficient block penetration into a macrophase (to avoid block slip) and prevention of a copolymer multilayer at the A-B interface (to avoid intralayer failure).

Theoretical And Practical Design Considerations for Ultra-High Resolution Electron Lenses

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 266-269
Author(s):  
Y. Harada ◽  
K. Tsuno ◽  
Y. Arai
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pole Piece ◽  
Axial Field ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Practical Design ◽  
Peak Flux

Magnetic objective lenses, from the point of view of pole piece geometry, can he roughly classified into two types, viz., symmetrical and asymmetrical. In the case of the former, the optical properties have been calculated by several authors1-3) and the results would appear to suggest that, in order to reduce the spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients, Cs and Cc, it is necessary to decrease the half-width value of the axial field distribution and to increase the peak flux density. The expressions for either minimum Cs or minimum Cc were presented in the form of ‘universal’ curves by Mulvey and Wallington4).

Design considerations in online surveys

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Erickson ◽  
Tracey E. Rizzuto
Keyword(s):  
Online Surveys ◽  
Design Considerations
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