Panel Discussion: The Impact of U. S. Environmental Regulations on ASTM Standards

2009 ◽  
pp. 151-151-2
Author(s):  
KH Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Benefit-risk of Patients' Online Access to their Medical Records: Consensus Exercise of an International Expert Group

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshana Liyanage ◽  
Siaw-Teng Liaw ◽  
Emmanouela Konstantara ◽  
Freda Mold ◽  
Richard Schreiber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Informatics ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Consensus Statements ◽  
Online Access ◽  
The Impact

Background: Patients' access to their computerised medical records (CMRs) is a legal right in many countries. However, little is reported about the benefit-risk associated with patients' online access to their CMRs. Objective: To conduct a consensus exercise to assess the impact of patients' online access to their CMRs on the quality of care as defined in six domains by the Institute of Medicine (IoM), now the National Academy of Medicine (NAM). Method: A five-round Delphi study was conducted. Round One explored experts' (n = 37) viewpoints on providing patients with access to their CMRs. Round Two rated the appropriateness of statements arising from Round One (n = 16). The third round was an online panel discussion of findings (n = 13) with the members of both the International Medical Informatics Association and the European Federation of Medical Informatics Primary Health Care Informatics Working Groups. Two additional rounds, a survey of the revised consensus statements and an online workshop, were carried out to further refine consensus statements. Results: Thirty-seven responses from Round One were used as a basis to initially develop 15 statements which were categorised using IoM's domains of care quality. The experts agreed that providing patients online access to their CMRs for bookings, results, and prescriptions increased efficiency and improved the quality of medical records. Experts also anticipated that patients would proactively use their online access to share data with different health care providers, including emergencies. However, experts differed on whether access to limited or summary data was more useful to patients than accessing their complete records. They thought online access would change recording practice, but they were unclear about the benefit-risk of high and onerous levels of security. The 5-round process, finally, produced 16 consensus statements. Conclusion: Patients' online access to their CMRs should be part of all CMR systems. It improves the process of health care, but further evidence is required about outcomes. Online access improves efficiency of bookings and other services. However, there is scope to improve many of the processes of care it purports to support, particularly the provision of a more effective interface and the protection of the vulnerable.

scholarly journals Analysis of Linkages between Environmental Policy Instruments and Innovation: A Case Study of End-of-Life Vehicles Technologies in Japan

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kumar Singh ◽  
Helmut Yabar ◽  
Rie Murakami-Suzuki ◽  
Noriko Nozaki ◽  
Randeep Rakwal
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

<p>Environmental policies are designed to deal with externalities either by internalizing environmental costs or imposing specific standards for environmental pollution. This study aims to examine the impact of environmental regulations related to End-of-Life Vehicles (ELV) on innovation in Japan. We determined whether there is any statistical difference in patent activity comparing the periods before and after the regulations were enacted. In order to control for exogenous factors such as business cycles, we also analyzed the ratios of ELV and total environmental patents during the same periods. Results showed that environmental regulations drive innovations and the number of ELV-related patents were larger even after controlling for such exogenous factors. We concluded that environmental policy for ELV in Japan was effective in inducing innovation. However, we also found that the weakness in these types of command and control policy is the lack of incentives for further innovation.</p>

The Value of the Company and Sustainable Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 319-336
Author(s):  
Iwona Dorota Bąk ◽  
Beata Szczecińska
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Voice ◽  
New Business Models

The aim of the study is to attempt to systematize the concept of economic value that takes into account elements of sustainable development. At the same time, it is the voice in the ongoing discussion on the purpose and methods of valuation of the company's value. The measure of strength of each enterprise is its value expressed in monetary units. Due to differences in the results of the valuation of enterprises made by groups of experts representing such disciplines as finance, taxes, or marketing, there was a need to identify sources and to analyze more precisely the resulting discrepancies. The values of the enterprise should include both measurable and hard to measure values, which largely differentiate economic units from each other. The need for a wider perspective on the data published by enterprises appeared along with new business models, changes in consumer trends, environmental regulations, or the impact of social media.

scholarly journals Evaluation Research of Green Innovation Efficiency in China’s Heavy Polluting Industries

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Fang ◽  
Hua Bai ◽  
Yuriy Bilan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
Green Innovation ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Regulation Policy ◽  
The Impact

Recently, green innovation efficiency, which considers innovation and environmental factors, is gradually becoming important for the sustainable development of Chinese heavy polluting industries because of the increasing strictness in China’s environmental regulations. Previous studies ignore the impact of external environmental factors on the efficiency of green industry innovation and fail to explain the complex relationship between environmental and technical efficiency fully. Therefore, a non-radial directional distance function-data envelopment analysis (DDF-DEA) three-stage green innovation efficiency evaluation model was constructed to measure the green innovation efficiency of China’s heavy polluting industries objectively and explore the impact mechanism of external factors. Then, the aforementioned model was used to conduct an empirical test on China’s heavy polluting industries. Results indicate that the green innovation efficiency of heavy polluting industries is generally low in China, and the entire industry is in the transitional stage of “effective innovation but not green.” The uncertainty of the effect of the environmental regulation policy, the over-reliance on external technologies, and the scale diseconomies of industries, which are the key factors in improving the green innovation efficiency of China’s heavy polluting industries, have a significant negative impact on green innovation efficiency. The conclusions of this study can provide a useful reference for China and other emerging markets to formulate reasonable environmental regulations and green transition of heavy polluting industries.

scholarly journals The Effects of Environmental Regulation on the Singapore Stock Market

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Pham ◽  
Nguyen ◽  
Ramiah ◽  
Mudalige ◽  
Moosa
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Non Parametric

This study examines the impact of environmental regulation on the Singapore stock market using the event study methodology. Several asset pricing models are used to estimate sectoral abnormal returns. Additionally, we estimate the change in systematic risk after the introduction of the carbon tax and related regulation. We conduct various robustness tests, including the Corrado non-parametric ranking test, the Chesney non-parametric conditional distribution approach, a representation of market integration, and Fama–French five-factor model. We find evidence showing that the environmental regulations tend to achieve their desired effects in Singapore in which several big polluters (including industrial metals and mining, forestry and papers, and electrical equipment and services) were negatively affected by the announcements of environmental regulations and carbon tax. In addition, our results indicate that the electricity sector, one of the biggest polluters, was negatively affected by the announcement of environmental regulations and carbon tax. We also find that environmental regulations seem to boost the performance of environmentally-friendly sectors whereby we find the alternative energy industry (focusing on new renewable energy technologies) experienced a sizeable positive reaction following the announcements of these regulations.

The effect of environmental regulations: a restricted cost function for Korean manufacturing industries

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
MYUNGHUN LEE
Keyword(s):  
Cost Function ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Percent Decline

Environmental conservation requires society to consider the trade-off between allocating resources to productive activities and pollution control activities. Therefore, it is informative to measure the effect of environmental regulations on firms' productivity. This paper attempts to estimate the impact of environmental regulations on Korean manufacturing industries. Despite being key inputs in the manufacturing process, raw materials have often been excluded from the cost function due to the lack of price data. A restricted cost function is used to improve the reliability of parameter estimates. Empirical results indicate that environmental regulations caused a 12 percent decline in the average annual rate of productivity growth over the period 1982–93.

scholarly journals Environmental Regulation in the Pulp and Paper Industry: Impacts and Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Söderholm ◽  
Ann-Kristin Bergquist ◽  
Kristina Söderholm
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Compliance Costs ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose of Review In this article, we review existing research addressing how environmental regulations have influenced the pulp and paper industry. These regulations appear in different forms and designs and address air and water pollution as well as climate change. The paper devotes particular attention to how various regulations have affected sustainable technological change and the prospects for inducing deep emission reductions without jeopardizing industrial competitiveness and future investments. Recent Findings Experiences from key pulp and paper regions, not least the Nordic countries, suggest that gradually tightening performance standards have contributed to radical reductions in emissions, e.g., chlorine compounds and biological oxygen demanding agents, and without imposing excessive compliance costs. This outcome can largely be attributed to how the regulations have been designed—and implemented—in practice, as well as to the presence of efficient and legitimate institutions. Long-term emission reduction targets, in combination with extended compliance periods and trustful firm-regulator relationships, contributed to radical technological innovation and permitted radical emission reductions without excessive compliance costs. The development of alternative bleaching technologies is an apt example. In contrast, the impact of carbon pricing schemes, including the EU emissions trading scheme, on carbon dioxide emissions reductions and related technological change in the pulp and paper industry has however been modest. Self-regulation, certification, and community pressure have exerted relatively modest influences on the environmental performance of the industry. Summary Important avenues for future research are identified. These include the following: (a) comparative research on how policy mixes in various countries have influenced environmental compliance and innovation; processes; (b) future studies of environmental regulations, their design and implementation, in emerging pulp and paper producing countries, not least China; and (c) research on how environmental regulations can affect ongoing restructurings in the industry towards a broader palette of products in biorefineries.

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