Integrated Screening Systems in the 1990s

2009 ◽  
pp. 17-17-4
Author(s):  
SC Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Screening ◽  
Screening Systems

An integrated screening method for evaluating the pulmonary toxicity of inhaled particulates: Role of microscopic techniques in assessing pulmonary macrophage clearance functions

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 826-827
Author(s):  
David B. Warheit ◽  
Lena Achinko ◽  
Mark A. Hartsky
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Pulmonary Toxicity ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Pulmonary Response ◽  
Inhaled Particles ◽  
Cytochemical Analysis ◽  
Pulmonary Macrophages ◽  
Integrated Screening

There is a great need for the development of a rapid and reliable bioassay to evaluate the pulmonary toxicity of inhaled particles. A number of methods have been proposed, including lung clearance studies, bronchoalveolar lavage analysis, and in vitro cytotoxicity tests. These methods are often limited in scope inasmuch as they measure only one dimension of the pulmonary response to inhaled, instilled or incubated dusts. Accordingly, a comprehensive approach to lung toxicity studies has been developed.To validate the method, rats were exposed for 6 hours or 3 days to various concentrations of either aerosolized alpha quartz silica (Si) or carbonyl iron (CI) particles. Cells and fluids from groups of sham and dust-exposed animals were recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Alkaline phosphatase, LDH and protein values were measured in BAL fluids at several time points postexposure. Cells were counted and evaluated for viability, as well as differential and cytochemical analysis. In addition, pulmonary macrophages (PM) were cultured and studied for morphology, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis by scanning electron microscopy.

Development of the X-ray Security Screening Systems at ADANI

2019 ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
D. A. Bairashewski ◽  
G. Yu. Drobychev ◽  
V. A. Karas ◽  
V. V. Komarov ◽  
M. V. Protsko
Keyword(s):  
Security Screening ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Screening Systems

Sample/analyte screening systems and chromatography

2001 ◽  
Vol 53 (S1) ◽  
pp. S149-S153 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Valcárcel ◽  
M. Gallego ◽  
S. Cárdenas
Keyword(s):  
Screening Systems

scholarly journals An Effective Counterselection System for Listeria monocytogenes and Its Use To Characterize the Monocin Genomic Region of Strain 10403S

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tal Argov ◽  
Lev Rabinovich ◽  
Nadejda Sigal ◽  
Anat A. Herskovits
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Trna Synthetase ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Selection Marker ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Allelic Exchange ◽  
Suicide Vector ◽  
Screening Systems

ABSTRACT Construction of Listeria monocytogenes mutants by allelic exchange has been laborious and time-consuming due to lack of proficient selection markers for the final recombination event, that is, a marker conveying substance sensitivity to the bacteria bearing it, enabling the exclusion of merodiploids and selection for plasmid loss. In order to address this issue, we engineered a counterselection marker based on a mutated phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase gene (pheS*). This mutation renders the phenylalanine-binding site of the enzyme more promiscuous and allows the binding of the toxic p-chloro-phenylalanine analog (p-Cl-phe) as a substrate. When pheS* is introduced into L. monocytogenes and highly expressed under control of a constitutively active promoter, the bacteria become sensitive to p-Cl-phe supplemented in the medium. This enabled us to utilize pheS* as a negative selection marker and generate a novel, efficient suicide vector for allelic exchange in L. monocytogenes. We used this vector to investigate the monocin genomic region in L. monocytogenes strain 10403S by constructing deletion mutants of the region. We have found this region to be active and to cause bacterial lysis upon mitomycin C treatment. The future applications of such an effective counterselection system, which does not require any background genomic alterations, are vast, as it can be modularly used in various selection systems (e.g., genetic screens). We expect this counterselection marker to be a valuable genetic tool in research on L. monocytogenes. IMPORTANCE L. monocytogenes is an opportunistic intracellular pathogen and a widely studied model organism. An efficient counterselection marker is a long-standing need in Listeria research for improving the ability to design and perform various genetic manipulations and screening systems for different purposes. We report the construction and utilization of an efficient suicide vector for allelic exchange which can be conjugated, leaves no marker in the bacterial chromosome, and does not require the use of sometimes leaky inducible promoters. This highly efficient genome editing tool for L. monocytogenes will allow for rapid sequential mutagenesis, introduction of point mutations, and design of screening systems. We anticipate that it will be extensively used by the research community and yield novel insights into the diverse fields studied using this model organism.

scholarly journals Integrated home-based screening for people living with disabilities: A case study from rural Malawi

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Petersen ◽  
Emily B. Wroe ◽  
Kondwani Nyangulu ◽  
Chisomo Kanyenda ◽  
Sam Njolomole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Integrated Screening

People living with disabilities (PLWDs) have poor access to health services compared to people without disabilities. As a result, PLWDs do not benefit from some of the services provided at health facilities; therefore, new methods need to be developed to deliver these services where PLWDs reside. This case study reports a household-based screening programme targeting PLWDs in a rural district in Malawi. Between March and November 2016, a household-based and integrated screening programme was conducted by community health workers, HIV testing counsellors and a clinic clerk. The programme provided integrated home-based screening for HIV, tuberculosis, hypertension and malnutrition for PLWDs. The programme was designed and implemented for a population of 37 000 people. A total of 449 PLWDs, with a median age of 26 years and about half of them women, were screened. Among the 404 PLWDs eligible for HIV testing, 399 (99%) agreed for HIV testing. Sixty-nine per cent of PLWDs tested for HIV had never previously been tested for HIV. Additionally, 14 patients self-reported to be HIV-positive and all but one were verified to be active in HIV care. A total of 192 of all eligible PLWDs above 18 years old were screened for hypertension, with 9% (n = 17) referred for further follow-up at the nearest facility. In addition, 274 and 371 PLWDs were screened for malnutrition and tuberculosis, respectively, with 6% (n = 18) of PLWDs referred for malnutrition, and 2% (n = 10) of PLWDs referred for tuberculosis testing. We successfully implemented an integrated home-based screening programme in rural Malawi.

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