Bearing Steel Technologies: Developments in Rolling Bearing Steels and Testing

2010 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Bearing ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Bearing Steels

scholarly journals NEW BEARING STEEL FOR HIGH-SPEED APPLICATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
pp. 5334-5339
Author(s):  
CHRISTIAN BRECHER ◽  
◽  
STEPHAN NEUS ◽  
MARCUS GAERTNER ◽  
LEONARDO CATANA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Rolling Bearing ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Performance Limits ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Surface Fatigue ◽  
Bearing Steels ◽  
Spindle Bearing ◽  
Contact Pressures

The requirements for speed suitability and fatigue strength of motor spindle bearings are constantly increasing. These challenges can be met by further developing the spindle bearings, e.g. by using higher-performance bearing steels. In the following, the experimental investigation results of a spindle bearing made of a new raceway steel tested on a high-speed rolling bearing test rig are presented. Spindle bearings of the type 7008 (hybrid execution) were tested in an endurance run at a rotational speed of 46 krpm and 3 kN axial load. The operating behaviour was validated based on the bearing outer ring temperature and the vibration behaviour. Microscope analysis of the raceways after the test shows that the new steel has good resistance to micropitting and surface fatigue. The calculated contact pressures, wear parameter and lifetime for the bearings in the tests show that the performance limits of spindle bearings are significantly higher than initially assumed.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Inclusion Engineering on the Fatigue Property Improvement of Bearing Steel

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Gu ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Yanping Bao ◽  
Fuming Wang ◽  
Junhe Lian
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Fatigue Property ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Bearing Steels ◽  
Inclusion Distribution

The fatigue property is significantly affected by the inner inclusions in steel. Due to the inhomogeneity of inclusion distribution in the micro-scale, it is not straightforward to quantify the effect of inclusions on fatigue behavior. Various investigations have been performed to correlate the inclusion characteristics, such as inclusion fraction, size, and composition, with fatigue life. However, these studies are generally based on vast types of steels and even for a similar steel grade, the alloy concept and microstructure information can still be of non-negligible difference. For a quantitative analysis of the fatigue life improvement with respect to the inclusion engineering, a systematic and carefully designed study is still needed to explore the engineering dimensions of inclusions. Therefore, in this study, three types of bearing steels with inclusions of the same types, but different sizes and amounts, were produced with 50 kg hot state experiments. The following forging and heat treatment procedures were kept consistent to ensure that the only controlled variable is inclusion. The fatigue properties were compared and the inclusions that triggered the fatigue cracks were analyzed to deduce the critical sizes of inclusions in terms of fatigue failure. The results show that the critical sizes of different inclusion types vary in bearing steels. The critical size of the spinel is 8.5 μm and the critical size of the calcium aluminate is 13.5 μm under the fatigue stress of 1200 MPa. In addition, with the increase of the cleanliness of bearing steels, the improvement of fatigue properties will reach saturation. Under this condition, further increasing of the cleanliness of the bearing steel will not contribute to the improvement of fatigue property for the investigated alloy and process design.

scholarly journals Complex Precipitates of TiN-MCx in GCr15 Bearing Steel

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianren Tian ◽  
Guocheng Wang ◽  
Xinghu Yuan ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Seetharaman Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Nucleation Site ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Precipitation Behavior ◽  
Heterogeneous Nucleation Site ◽  
Bearing Steels ◽  
Advancing Front ◽  
Gcr15 Bearing Steel ◽  
Second Phases

Nitride and carbide are the second phases which play an important role in the performance of bearing steel, and their precipitation behavior is complicated. In this study, TiN-MCx precipitations in GCr15 bearing steels were obtained by non-aqueous electrolysis, and their precipitation mechanisms were studied. TiN is the effective heterogeneous nucleation site for Fe7C3 and Fe3C, therefore, MCx can precipitate on the surface of TiN easily, its chemistry component consists of M3C and M7C3 (M = Fe, Cr, Mn) and Cr3C2. TiN-MCx with high TiN volume fraction, TiN forms in early stage of solidification, and MCx precipitates on TiN surface after TiN engulfed by the solidification advancing front. TiN-MCx with low TiN volume fraction, TiN and MCx form in late stage of solidification, TiN can not grow sufficiently and is covered by a large number of precipitated MCx particles.

Development of 5280 Rolling Bearing Steel for Improved Performance and Productivity

2009 ◽  
pp. 3-3-24
Author(s):  
PV Dimitry ◽  
PJ McDonough ◽  
G Beck ◽  
R Eberhard ◽  
HW Zock
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Bearing ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Improved Performance

Analysis of Spherical Carbides Formed in Chromium Added Hypereutectoid Bearing Steels

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 4866-4871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Yamamoto ◽  
Katsuhiko Inoue ◽  
Harushige Tsubakino
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Bearing Steels ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation Diffraction ◽  
M23c6 Type ◽  
Means Of Transmission

Microstructures in a bearing steel, JIS SUJ2, have been observed and analyzed in detail by means of transmission electron microscope and synchrotron radiation diffraction in SPring-8. Spherodized carbides in the steel are generally recognized as spherical cementite particles, but some of them have been clearly shown to be M23C6 type of carbide in this study. The shapes and sizes of these two types of carbides are similar to each other. On the martensitic matrix of the steel, it is believed to be stable at relatively low temperature, but it is also shown to be decomposed to form cementite by prolonged aging at 383 K, which provides a reason for decrease in hardness in standard hardness blocks, previously reported by the authors.

Study on Macro-Morphology of Hard Whirling Chips

2012 ◽  
Vol 499 ◽  
pp. 312-317
Author(s):  
Hong Yu Zhu ◽  
Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Online Monitoring ◽  
Rolling Bearing ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing Technology ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Average Hardness ◽  
Micro Morphology

The technology of hard whirling is a kind of advanced manufacturing technology which integrates high efficiency, high precision and energy saving as a whole and attracts wide attention in machining field around home and abroad. Through studying on experiment of hard whirling machining on rolling bearing steel which has average hardness at 63.5HRC, this article focuses on different understanding of saw-tooth chips, illustrates the essential difference between macro- morphology and micro-morphology of saw-tooth chips, analyzes macro- morphology of saw-tooth chips with their corresponding machining parameters and finally raises a new solution to implement online monitoring on hard whirling machining.

The Divorce Eutectoid Transformation in the Higher Mn Bearing Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 1798-1802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Xin Yin ◽  
Harry Bhadeshia
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Isothermal Transformation ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Eutectoid Transformation ◽  
Detailed Mechanism ◽  
Bearing Steels ◽  
Original Boundary ◽  
Electronic Microscope

The detailed mechanism of divorced pearlite in bearing steels began to be actively discussed more recently. The survey of divorced pearlite in higher Mn bearing steel was carried out through scanning electronic microscope following isothermal transformation heat treatment. The results show that while divorced transformation taking place in the higher Mn bearing steel just slightly below A1, the cementite could be produced in such way as growing on the base of pre-existing cementite particles in austenite, or emerge either in globular particles or in short rod directly from the austenite. Under isothermal transformation, the carbon atoms in austenite prefer to precipitate on the original boundary of the austenite. The enough small size of the cementite particles remained in the austenite is helpful for getting spheroidal cementite particles structure through divorced eutectoid transformation.

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