Developing Emulsifiable Concentrate Formulations Using Droplet Size and Experimental Design Software

2009 ◽  
pp. 168-168-17
Author(s):  
BJ Butler ◽  
AK Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽  
Design Software

scholarly journals Model based decision support system of operating settings for MMAT nozzles

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Keith Fritz ◽  
Zbigniew Czaczyk ◽  
Wesley Clint Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Support System ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Size Spectrum ◽  
Orifice Size

Abstract Droplet size, which is affected by nozzle type, nozzle setups and operation, and spray solution, is one of the most critical factors influencing spray performance, environment pollution, food safety, and must be considered as part of any application scenario. Characterizing spray nozzles can be a timely and expensive proposition if the entire operational space (all combinations of spray pressure and orifice size, what influence flow rate) is to be evaluated. This research proposes a structured, experimental design that allows for the development of computational models for droplet size based on any combination of a nozzle’s potential operational settings. The developed droplet size determination model can be used as Decision Support System (DSS) for precise selection of sprayer working parameters to adapt to local field scenarios. Five nozzle types (designs) were evaluated across their complete range of orifice size (flow rate*) and spray pressures using a response surface experimental design. Several of the models showed high level fits of the modeled to the measured data while several did not as a result of the lack of significant effect from either orifice size (flow rate*) or spray pressure. The computational models were integrated into a spreadsheet based user interface for ease of use. The proposed experimental design provides for efficient nozzle evaluations and development of computational models that allow for the determination of droplet size spectrum and spraying classification for any combination of a given nozzle’s operating settings. The proposed DSS will allow for the ready assessment and modification of a sprayers performance based on the operational settings, to ensure the application is made following recommendations in plant protection products (PPP) labels.

Analysis of Braced Excavation with Pit-in-Pit Based on Orthogonal Experiment

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 4549-4553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Ping Qian ◽  
Xiao Nan Gong ◽  
Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Orthogonal Experimental Design ◽  
Foundation Pit ◽  
Supporting Structure ◽  
Wall Deflection ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Design Software ◽  
Pit Depth ◽  
Significant Factors

In order to study the supporting structure under different distances between inner pit-in-pit and foundation pit, width and depth of pit-in-pit and general excavation depth of external foundation pit, PLAXIS is adopted to simulate the whole process of pit-in-pit excavation in a foundation pit of Shanghai. The factors which influence wall deflection are analyzed using orthogonal experimental design software. The results show that the factors which influence deformation of pit-in-pit and supporting structure of foundation pit are sorted with range value or sensitivity descending: depth of pit-in-pit, location of pit-in-pit, general excavation depth of external foundation pit, and width of pit-in-pit. Depth and location of pit-in-pit are the most two significant factors, and they have the strongest interactions.

scholarly journals Spray volume distribution pattern and droplet size spectrum from ceramic nozzles

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 804-809
Author(s):  
Mateus P. Massola ◽  
Vandoir Holtz ◽  
Marcos P. de O. Martins ◽  
Anderson da S. Umbelino ◽  
Elton F. dos Reis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Size Spectrum ◽  
Target Coverage ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Median Diameter ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Test Table

ABSTRACT Droplet size spectrum and uniformity of spray volume distribution are important parameters for selecting spray nozzles. The objective of this study was to evaluate the average spray volume distribution and droplet size spectrum from ceramic nozzles. The spray volume distribution pattern was evaluated on a test table for hydraulic spray nozzles using spray heights of 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8 m, and working pressures of 500, 600, and 700 kPa. Computer simulations were used to analyze the spray volume distribution using arrangements of bar heights, working pressures, and spacing between spray nozzles in a bar of 12 m. The droplet size spectrum from the spray nozzles was evaluated using a randomized complete experimental design in a 2 × 3 split-plot arrangement consisting of two types of nozzles (ATR-1.0, and TVI-800075) and three working pressures (500, 600, and 700 kPa), with four replications. The uniformity of spray volume distribution was improved when using ATR-1.0 spray nozzles spaced 0.4 or 0.6 m apart, regardless of the working pressure. Regarding the droplet size spectrum, the volume median diameter decreased with increasing the working pressure for both types of nozzles, reaching 210 μm (ATR-1.0) and 483 μm (TVI-800075). Contrastingly, the percentage of droplets with diameter smaller than 100 μm increased with increasing working pressure; the target coverage presented the same trend, with 8.4% of coverage when using ATR nozzles with working pressure of 700 kPa.

scholarly journals Power Analysis Tutorial for Experimental Design Software

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Freeman ◽  
Thomas H. Johnson ◽  
James R. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Power Analysis ◽  
Design Software

scholarly journals Optimization and Characterization of Self Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System loaded with 18- β Glycerrhetinic acid

2021 ◽  
pp. 304-324
Author(s):  
Heena Farooqui ◽  
Prashant Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Physicochemical Interaction ◽  
Dissolution Profile

The purpose of this study was to prepare, optimize and evaluate self nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) containing 18- β glycerrhetinic acid which enhances the dissolution profile or bioavailability of the drug in comparison to pure suspension of 18- β glycerrhetinic acid.18- β glycerrhetinic acid loaded SNEDDS having geranium oil as oil phase, tween 80 as a surfactant, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as co-surfactant were prepared using pseudo ternary phase diagram and Box-Behnken experimental design was used to optimize the different formulations. Optimized formulations were characterized for self-emulsifying time, globule size, zeta potential, and drug release. The mean droplet size and PDI of the optimized formulation were found to be in a variation of 93.42 nm and 0.401 respectively. FTIR data showed no physicochemical interaction between excipients and drug. The encapsulation efficiency of optimised 18- β glycerrhetinic acid SNEDDS was found 80.12±1.52% , % transmittance was found 99.34±0.134% and the viscosity of all the formulations was found 0.8872 cp. Three-dimensional response surface plots and two-dimensional contour plots of the responses across the selected factors were constructed that explained the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Release kinetics was calculated by using KinetDS3.0. It was concluded that prepared formulations were formulated with approximately desired mean droplet size confirmed by Box- Behnken experimental design as well as properly optimized and characterized.

Identifying suboptimalities with factorial model comparison

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Ji Ma
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Factorial Model ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
The Many

AbstractGiven the many types of suboptimality in perception, I ask how one should test for multiple forms of suboptimality at the same time – or, more generally, how one should compare process models that can differ in any or all of the multiple components. In analogy to factorial experimental design, I advocate for factorial model comparison.

Combining integrated systems-biology approaches with intervention-based experimental design provides a higher-resolution path forward for microbiome research

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Alfredo Blakeley-Ruiz ◽  
Carlee S. McClintock ◽  
Ralph Lydic ◽  
Helen A. Baghdoyan ◽  
James J. Choo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systems Biology ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Integrated Systems ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Constructive Criticism

Abstract The Hooks et al. review of microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) literature provides a constructive criticism of the general approaches encompassing MGB research. This commentary extends their review by: (a) highlighting capabilities of advanced systems-biology “-omics” techniques for microbiome research and (b) recommending that combining these high-resolution techniques with intervention-based experimental design may be the path forward for future MGB research.

Statistics and parallaxes

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 7-29
Author(s):  
T. E. Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Trigonometric Parallaxes ◽  
Systematic And Random Errors

This review paper deals with the use of statistical methods to evaluate systematic and random errors associated with trigonometric parallaxes. First, systematic errors which arise when using trigonometric parallaxes to calibrate luminosity systems are discussed. Next, determination of the external errors of parallax measurement are reviewed. Observatory corrections are discussed. Schilt’s point, that as the causes of these systematic differences between observatories are not known the computed corrections can not be applied appropriately, is emphasized. However, modern parallax work is sufficiently accurate that it is necessary to determine observatory corrections if full use is to be made of the potential precision of the data. To this end, it is suggested that a prior experimental design is required. Past experience has shown that accidental overlap of observing programs will not suffice to determine observatory corrections which are meaningful.

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