COCOS (Corona Oxide Characterization of Semiconductor) Metrology: Physical Principles and Applications

2008 ◽  
pp. 74-74-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wilson ◽  
J Lagowski ◽  
A Savtchouk ◽  
L Jastrzebski ◽  
J D'Amico
Keyword(s):  
Physical Principles

Overview of neuroimaging

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Tomasz Matys ◽  
Daniel. J. Scoffings ◽  
Tilak Das
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Anatomical Imaging ◽  
Radiological Methods ◽  
Physical Principles ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Individual Disease

Imaging plays an essential role in the diagnosis and treatment of neurosurgical conditions. This chapter discusses the basic physical principles, applications, and limitations of the main imaging techniques used in neurosurgical practice, and highlights potential future directions of functional and molecular neuroimaging. Current conventional radiological methods allow demonstration of anatomical and macroscopic pathological features of disease with excellent sensitivity and resolution. Functional imaging methods that have enabled insight into a variety of physiological and pathological phenomena are also described, and are an important first step beyond anatomical imaging towards more precise characterization of the disease process. These methods however remain generally non-specific, demonstrating changes that are common endpoints of many possible pathological pathways. This chapter also covers current neuroradiology imaging modalities that are useful in neurosurgical practice, and focuses on the general usefulness and limitations of neuroradiological methods rather than the imaging manifestations of individual disease processes, which are discussed elsewhere in this book.

scholarly journals Systematic characterization of the conformation and dynamics of budding yeast chromosome XII

2013 ◽  
Vol 202 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Albert ◽  
Julien Mathon ◽  
Ashutosh Shukla ◽  
Hicham Saad ◽  
Christophe Normand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Polymer Physics ◽  
Rouse Model ◽  
Transcriptional Reprogramming ◽  
Tethered Polymers ◽  
Yeast Chromosome ◽  
Live Cell Microscopy ◽  
Cell Microscopy ◽  
Physical Principles

Chromosomes architecture is viewed as a key component of gene regulation, but principles of chromosomal folding remain elusive. Here we used high-throughput live cell microscopy to characterize the conformation and dynamics of the longest chromosome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (XII). Chromosome XII carries the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) that defines the nucleolus, a major hallmark of nuclear organization. We determined intranuclear positions of 15 loci distributed every ∼100 kb along the chromosome, and investigated their motion over broad time scales (0.2–400 s). Loci positions and motions, except for the rDNA, were consistent with a computational model of chromosomes based on tethered polymers and with the Rouse model from polymer physics, respectively. Furthermore, rapamycin-dependent transcriptional reprogramming of the genome only marginally affected the chromosome XII internal large-scale organization. Our comprehensive investigation of chromosome XII is thus in agreement with recent studies and models in which long-range architecture is largely determined by the physical principles of tethered polymers and volume exclusion.

scholarly journals Full characterization of Airy beams under physical principles

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rogel-Salazar ◽  
H. A. Jiménez-Romero ◽  
S. Chávez-Cerda
Keyword(s):  
Full Characterization ◽  
Physical Principles ◽  
Airy Beams

Laser-Ultrasonic Characterization of the Microstructure of Aluminium

2006 ◽  
Vol 519-521 ◽  
pp. 1373-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Thermomechanical Processing ◽  
Laser Ultrasonics ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Ultrasonic Characterization ◽  
Line Measurement ◽  
Industrial Materials ◽  
Physical Principles

Ultrasonic velocity and attenuation measurements are powerful tools to infer much information about the microstructure and properties of aluminum and its alloys. Laser-ultrasonics is a technology that enables doing these measurements remotely, in-situ or inline and in a fraction of a second. Therefore, it is possible to characterize the thermomechanical processing of aluminum alloys with unprecedented time resolution. This paper reviews the physical principles that allow relating velocity and attenuation measurements to various materials properties and microstructural features such as elastic moduli, crystallographic distribution orientation (texture), residual stresses, recrystallization and dislocations. In-situ (in laboratory furnaces) and in-line measurement examples from the Industrial Materials Institute research group are reviewed and presented.

scholarly journals Erratum: Full characterization of Airy beams under physical principles [Phys. Rev. A 89 , 023807 (2014)]

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rogel-Salazar ◽  
H. A. Jiménez-Romero ◽  
S. Chávez-Cerda
Keyword(s):  
Full Characterization ◽  
Physical Principles ◽  
Airy Beams

scholarly journals Features of Microsystems for Cultivation and Characterization of Stem Cells with the Aim of Regenerative Therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kihoon Ahn ◽  
Sung-Hwan Kim ◽  
Gi-Hun Lee ◽  
SeungJin Lee ◽  
Yun Seok Heo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Microfluidic Channel ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Regenerative Therapy ◽  
Human Disorders ◽  
Regenerative Therapies ◽  
Physical Principles

Stem cells have infinite potential for regenerative therapy thanks to their advantageous ability which is differentiable to requisite cell types for recovery and self-renewal. The microsystem has been proved to be more helpful to stem cell studies compared to the traditional methods, relying on its advantageous feature of mimickingin vivocellular environments as well as other profitable features such as minimum sample consumption for analysis and multiprocedures. A wide variety of microsystems were developed for stem cell studies; however, regenerative therapy-targeted applications of microtechnology should be more emphasized and gain more attractions since the regenerative therapy is one of ultimate goals of biologists and bioengineers. In this review, we introduce stem cell researches harnessing well-known microtechniques (microwell, micropattern, and microfluidic channel) in view point of physical principles and how these systems and principles have been implemented appropriately for characterizing stem cells and finding possible regenerative therapies. Biologists may gain information on the principles of microsystems to apply them to find solutions for their current challenges, and engineers may understand limitations of the conventional microsystems and find new chances for further developing practical microsystems. Through the well combination of engineers and biologists, the regenerative therapy-targeted stem cell researches harnessing microtechnology will find better suitable treatments for human disorders.

Morphological Characterization of Mycobacteriophage R1

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
B. L. Soloff ◽  
T. A. Rado
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Logarithmic Growth Phase ◽  
Complete Lysis ◽  
Lysogenic Culture ◽  
Logarithmic Growth

Mycobacteriophage R1 was originally isolated from a lysogenic culture of M. butyricum. The virus was propagated on a leucine-requiring derivative of M. smegmatis, 607 leu−, isolated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of typestrain ATCC 607. Growth was accomplished in a minimal medium containing glycerol and glucose as carbon source and enriched by the addition of 80 μg/ ml L-leucine. Bacteria in early logarithmic growth phase were infected with virus at a multiplicity of 5, and incubated with aeration for 8 hours. The partially lysed suspension was diluted 1:10 in growth medium and incubated for a further 8 hours. This permitted stationary phase cells to re-enter logarithmic growth and resulted in complete lysis of the culture.

AEM analysis of crystallization in Ti-based amorphous alloys

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
A.R. Pelton ◽  
A.F. Marshall ◽  
Y.S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Isothermal Annealing ◽  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
Electrical And Magnetic Properties

Amorphous materials are of current interest due to their desirable mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties. Furthermore, crystallizing amorphous alloys provides an avenue for discerning sequential and competitive phases thus allowing access to otherwise inaccessible crystalline structures. Previous studies have shown the benefits of using AEM to determine crystal structures and compositions of partially crystallized alloys. The present paper will discuss the AEM characterization of crystallized Cu-Ti and Ni-Ti amorphous films.Cu60Ti40: The amorphous alloy Cu60Ti40, when continuously heated, forms a simple intermediate, macrocrystalline phase which then transforms to the ordered, equilibrium Cu3Ti2 phase. However, contrary to what one would expect from kinetic considerations, isothermal annealing below the isochronal crystallization temperature results in direct nucleation and growth of Cu3Ti2 from the amorphous matrix.

Characterization of Coherent, Ordered Precipitates in Nickel-Base Alloys

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
B. H. Kear ◽  
J. M. Oblak
Keyword(s):  
Stable Phase ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Alloy 718 ◽  
Commercial Alloy ◽  
Precipitate Morphology ◽  
Continuous Precipitation ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Base Superalloy ◽  
Strengthening Precipitate

A nickel-base superalloy is essentially a Ni/Cr solid solution hardened by additions of Al (Ti, Nb, etc.) to precipitate a coherent, ordered phase. In most commercial alloy systems, e.g. B-1900, IN-100 and Mar-M200, the stable precipitate is Ni3 (Al,Ti) γ′, with an LI2structure. In A lloy 901 the normal precipitate is metastable Nis Ti3 γ′ ; the stable phase is a hexagonal Do2 4 structure. In Alloy 718 the strengthening precipitate is metastable γ″, which has a body-centered tetragonal D022 structure.Precipitate MorphologyIn most systems the ordered γ′ phase forms by a continuous precipitation re-action, which gives rise to a uniform intragranular dispersion of precipitate particles. For zero γ/γ′ misfit, the γ′ precipitates assume a spheroidal.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

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