Calculation of The Spectral Irradiance of Solar Radiation for the Lifetime Prediction of Polymer Materials

2008 ◽  
pp. 151-151-14
Author(s):  
D Kockott ◽  
G Manier
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Spectral Irradiance ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Lifetime Prediction

scholarly journals A Visible and Near-Infrared Scanning Photometer for Field Measurements of Spectral Albedo and Irradiance under Polar Conditions

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (97) ◽  
pp. 476-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Grenfell
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Interference Filter ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Spectral Irradiance ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Infrared Scanning ◽  
Solar Radiation Incident ◽  
Arctic Sea

AbstractThe design and operating characteristics are presented for a visible and near-infrared scanning photometer which can measure incident and reflected spectral irradiance from 400 nm to 2 450 nm. The instrument is designed to record over 98% of the solar radiation incident upon and reflected from the Earth’s surface using a turret-type cosine collector and a circular variable interference filter. The apparatus has been tested successfully on Arctic sea ice at temperatures down to –20°C. It is self-contained and easily portable, and its mass is less than 16 kg. Some preliminary results are presented.

Simulating irradiance of water layers of natural reservoirs by solar radiation in various spectral ranges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Dorozhko ◽  
Katsiaryna Cidorkina ◽  
Alexander Svetashev ◽  
Leonid Turishev
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Spectral Irradiance ◽  
Stochastic Methods ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Water Layers ◽  
Water Media

<p>The study is devoted to numerical simulating the 3D fields of biologically active solar light irradiance at deep water layers of natural reservoirs.</p><p>A numerical model has been developed on the basis of the discrete ordinate and Monte-Carlo stochastic methods which allows simulating the propagation of solar radiation in the inhomogeneous atmosphere and water media.</p><p>A software package has been elaborated enabling to numerically simulate both the irradiance of the reservoir surface by the total (direct and diffused) solar radiation in the spectral range of λ = 280 - 800 nm under various conditions (season, zenith angle, cloud cover, aerosol parameters, etc.) and the radiation propagating in the heterogeneous water media including absorbing pigments, phytoplankton and particles of the organic residues.</p><p>The software package combines atmospheric and water modules being able to function both jointly and separately thus allowing one to use spectral irradiance or integrated signals experimentally measured by ground-based devices and immersion photometric systems to validate the results of numerical calculations and model calibration.</p><p>To compute three-dimensional scenes of water body irradiation the super-cluster hardware and parallelization algorithms were used as well as the option to trace back in the Monte-Carlo method implementation.</p><p>A set of numeric experiments were made to simulate the 3D irradiance field in the water media of the Naroch group lakes using the measured transparency spectra of natural water probes.</p><p>The research was focused on propagating the UV-B, UV-A solar radiation, having the main abiogenic effects such as DNA or the immunity suppression.</p><p>The numerical simulation exploiting the refined model of UV transparency and irradiances of water layers at various depths was in a good agreement with experimental data.</p>

scholarly journals How long do satellites need to overlap? Evaluation of climate data stability from overlapping satellite records

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 15069-15093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C. Weatherhead ◽  
Jerald Harder ◽  
Eduardo A. Araujo-Pradere ◽  
Greg Bodeker ◽  
Jason M. English ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Spectral Irradiance ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Earth Observations ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
The Stability

Abstract. Sensors on satellites provide unprecedented understanding of the Earth's climate system by measuring incoming solar radiation, as well as both passive and active observations of the entire Earth with outstanding spatial and temporal coverage. A common challenge with satellite observations is to quantify their ability to provide well-calibrated, long-term, stable records of the parameters they measure. Ground-based intercomparisons offer some insight, while reference observations and internal calibrations give further assistance for understanding long-term stability. A valuable tool for evaluating and developing long-term records from satellites is the examination of data from overlapping satellite missions. This paper addresses how the length of overlap affects the ability to identify an offset or a drift in the overlap of data between two sensors. Ozone and temperature data sets are used as examples showing that overlap data can differ by latitude and can change over time. New results are presented for the general case of sensor overlap by using Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM) and Solar Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE) solar irradiance data as an example. To achieve a 1 % uncertainty in estimating the offset for these two instruments' measurement of the Mg II core (280 nm) requires approximately 5 months of overlap. For relative drift to be identified within 0.1 % yr−1 uncertainty (0.00008 W m−2 nm−1 yr−1), the overlap for these two satellites would need to be 2.5 years. Additional overlap of satellite measurements is needed if, as is the case for solar monitoring, unexpected jumps occur adding uncertainty to both offsets and drifts; the additional length of time needed to account for a single jump in the overlap data may be as large as 50 % of the original overlap period in order to achieve the same desired confidence in the stability of the merged data set. Results presented here are directly applicable to satellite Earth observations. Approaches for Earth observations offer additional challenges due to the complexity of the observations, but Earth observations may also benefit from ancillary observations taken from ground-based and in situ sources. Difficult choices need to be made when monitoring approaches are considered; we outline some attempts at optimizing networks based on economic principles. The careful evaluation of monitoring overlap is important to the appropriate application of observational resources and to the usefulness of current and future observations.

scholarly journals Nail dryer devices: a measured spectral irradiance and labelling review

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-598
Author(s):  
David Baeza ◽  
Yolanda Sola ◽  
Luis Alberto del Río ◽  
Rafael González
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Spectral Irradiance ◽  
Surface Solar Radiation

The use of nail dryer devices does not represent a critical risk. The expected erythemal doses are lower than that from surface solar radiation in summer months.

scholarly journals Recent variability of the solar spectral irradiance and its impact on climate modelling

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 3945-3977 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ermolli ◽  
K. Matthes ◽  
T. Dudok de Wit ◽  
N. A. Krivova ◽  
K. Tourpali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Spectral Range ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Spectral Irradiance ◽  
Climate Modelling ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Solar Spectral Irradiance ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere ◽  
Earth’S Climate

Abstract. The lack of long and reliable time series of solar spectral irradiance (SSI) measurements makes an accurate quantification of solar contributions to recent climate change difficult. Whereas earlier SSI observations and models provided a qualitatively consistent picture of the SSI variability, recent measurements by the SORCE (SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment) satellite suggest a significantly stronger variability in the ultraviolet (UV) spectral range and changes in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) bands in anti-phase with the solar cycle. A number of recent chemistry-climate model (CCM) simulations have shown that this might have significant implications on the Earth's atmosphere. Motivated by these results, we summarize here our current knowledge of SSI variability and its impact on Earth's climate. We present a detailed overview of existing SSI measurements and provide thorough comparison of models available to date. SSI changes influence the Earth's atmosphere, both directly, through changes in shortwave (SW) heating and therefore, temperature and ozone distributions in the stratosphere, and indirectly, through dynamical feedbacks. We investigate these direct and indirect effects using several state-of-the art CCM simulations forced with measured and modelled SSI changes. A unique asset of this study is the use of a common comprehensive approach for an issue that is usually addressed separately by different communities. We show that the SORCE measurements are difficult to reconcile with earlier observations and with SSI models. Of the five SSI models discussed here, specifically NRLSSI (Naval Research Laboratory Solar Spectral Irradiance), SATIRE-S (Spectral And Total Irradiance REconstructions for the Satellite era), COSI (COde for Solar Irradiance), SRPM (Solar Radiation Physical Modelling), and OAR (Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma), only one shows a behaviour of the UV and visible irradiance qualitatively resembling that of the recent SORCE measurements. However, the integral of the SSI computed with this model over the entire spectral range does not reproduce the measured cyclical changes of the total solar irradiance, which is an essential requisite for realistic evaluations of solar effects on the Earth's climate in CCMs. We show that within the range provided by the recent SSI observations and semi-empirical models discussed here, the NRLSSI model and SORCE observations represent the lower and upper limits in the magnitude of the SSI solar cycle variation. The results of the CCM simulations, forced with the SSI solar cycle variations estimated from the NRLSSI model and from SORCE measurements, show that the direct solar response in the stratosphere is larger for the SORCE than for the NRLSSI data. Correspondingly, larger UV forcing also leads to a larger surface response. Finally, we discuss the reliability of the available data and we propose additional coordinated work, first to build composite SSI data sets out of scattered observations and to refine current SSI models, and second, to run coordinated CCM experiments.

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