Monobranched Alcohol Alkoxylates: A New Generation of Surfactants for Use in Crop Protection

2008 ◽  
pp. 213-213-8
Author(s):  
JCG Rommens ◽  
SJ Davies
Keyword(s):  
Crop Protection ◽  
New Generation

scholarly journals Multilayers Polyethylene Film for Crop Protection in Harsh Climatic Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dehbi ◽  
B. Youssef ◽  
C. Chappey ◽  
A.-H. I. Mourad ◽  
P. Picuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Layer Film ◽  
Air Bubble ◽  
New Generation

In this work the performance and durability of a new generation of greenhouse covers, in which the cover is composed of five layers, are investigated. A sand wind ageing was performed under different exposure conditions. Surface morphology and chemical, physical, and thermal characteristics were investigated by using optical microscopy, FTIR, and tensile test techniques. In addition, the mechanical integrity of the five-layer film was assessed. The analysis indicated that the sand wind treatments have a significant influence only on the performance of the film. An attempt has been done to compare the properties of the five-layer film with the monolayer and trilayer films with or without air bubble under similar conditions. The results revealed that the five-layer film proved to be a promising greenhouse covering film.

scholarly journals Plant extracts - importance in sustainable agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Godlewska ◽  
Domenico Ronga ◽  
Izabela Michalak
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Impact

Plants due to the high content of various bioactive compounds are the main raw material for production of valuable, and useful bio-products (e.g., food, cosmetics, medicines, biostimulants, biopesticides, and feed). Different plant parts, for instance: seeds, fruits, flowers, stems, leaves, and roots can be used for their manufacture. Nowadays, there is a clear need to develop new, efficient, and environmentally safe methods of stimulation of plant, growth and crop protection. Plant-based extracts are new, natural, and multi-compounds products that could be used for these purposes. They possess antifungal, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antiprotozoal, antioxidant, medicinal, aromatic, and anti-inflammatory properties. This group of natural products has the potential to become a new generation of bio-products suitable for use in sustainable agriculture. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the literature describing the impact of plant-derived extracts/biostimulants (PDBs) on crops grown in controlled, and real conditions as well as under various abiotic and biotic stresses; the extraction methods used to obtain PDBs, and the specific constituents responsible for their biostimulating activity. The application of these bio-products could be beneficial for sustainable production, due to several advantages, such as low toxicity to humans and the environment, enhanced resistance of cultivated plants to biotic and abiotic stress, increased yields and quality of crops, as well as the reduction in the use of mineral fertilisers and pesticides. However, deeper cooperation between industrial and academic research is required to accelerate the development of new environmentally safe solutions for future agriculture. Highlights - Higher plants constitute a rich source of various bioactive compounds for the production of useful natural products. - The importance of the proper choice of extraction method and solvent to process and preserve the desired substances.- Plant extracts as biostimulants and plant protection products for use in modern and sustainable agriculture. - The positive effects of plant-based extracts on plants cultivated under normal and unfavourable conditions.- Plant extracts as a new generation of eco-friendly products for the increment of the production of high-quality food.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL PRIOMS OF POTATO ROTATION ON PRODUCT QUALITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-103
Author(s):  
Natalya Pinchuk ◽  
Pavlo Verheles ◽  
Tatiana Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Potato Rotation ◽  
New Generation

Potatoes are a universal crop, also called "second bread", because the level of consumption of this vegetable in the country is very high. It is, at the same time, a foodstuff, raw material for the processing industry, high quality livestock feed and a source of cash for farms and households. In terms of consumption and geographical spread, potatoes occupy one of the leading positions in the structure of food production in Ukraine. In the Vinnytsia region, the area of potatoes occupies 115-118 thousand hectares and the average yield is 120-130 cts / ha, which is several times less potential of this crop. One of the reasons for the low yield of potatoes is the harmfulness of pests and diseases. The most common diseases of potatoes include blight, which is steadily developing and is able to reduce the yield of tubers, their quality. In Ukraine, crop losses from it account for 16-22%, and in the years of epiphytoties can reach 50%. The evaluation of plant diseases is one of the most important and often the most challenging tasks in the epidemiology of plant diseases. Damage to plants by phytophages and pathogens can very quickly result in complete loss of the crop if there is insufficient crop protection. This article confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of the application of modern-day protector tubers and the use of new generation growth promoters and fungicides during the cultivation of tubers. This article confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of the application of modern-day protector tubers and the use of new generation growth promoters and fungicides during the cultivation of tubers. To obtain a crop of potato varieties Povin 285,7 c/ha, which is 58,2 c/ha more than the control, it is necessary to carry out the cultivation of tubers before disembarking the detergent Emesto quantum 273,5 FS, TN, in the rate of 1.2 l of the preparation per ton of planting material, and a growth promoter of Rostock (3 l/t), as well as spraying during the vegetation of plants with fungicides Antracol 70 WP, RF (1,0 kg/ha), Nativo 75 WG, VG (0,3 kg/ha) , Infinito 687.5 SC, COP (1.0 l/ha) and Rostock Bohr and Rostock Iron (1.5 l/ha). Keywords: potatoes, pathogens, pathogens, fungicides, efficiency.

scholarly journals Double-Stranded RNA Targeting Dicer-Like Genes Compromises the Pathogenicity of Plasmopara viticola on Grapevine

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeraye Mehari Haile ◽  
Daniel Endale Gebremichael ◽  
Luca Capriotti ◽  
Barbara Molesini ◽  
Francesca Negrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Rna Targeting ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Progress Rate ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Established Infection

Downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola is one of the most devastating diseases of grapevine, attacking all green parts of the plant. The damage is severe when the infection at flowering stage is left uncontrolled. P. viticola management consumes a significant amount of classical pesticides applied in vineyards, requiring efficient and environmentally safe disease management options. Spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS), through the application of exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), has shown promising results for the management of diseases in crops. Here, we developed and tested the potential of dsRNA targeting P. viticola Dicer-like (DCL) genes for SIGS-based crop protection strategy. The exogenous application of PvDCL1/2 dsRNA, a chimera of PvDCL1 and PvDCL2, highly affected the virulence of P. viticola. The reduced expression level of PvDCL1 and PvDCL2 transcripts in infected leaves, treated with PvDCL1/2 dsRNA, was an indication of an active RNA interference mechanism inside the pathogen to compromise its virulence. Besides the protective property, the PvDCL1/2 dsRNA also exhibited a curative role by reducing the disease progress rate of already established infection. Our data provide a promising future for PvDCL1/2 dsRNA as a new generation of RNA-based resistant plants or RNA-based agrochemical for the management of downy mildew disease in grapevine.

scholarly journals Vital Role of IPFT in Development of New-Generation Pesticide Formulation for Crop Protection: Advancement Overview in Asian Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusrat Iqbal ◽  
Amrish Agrawal ◽  
Md. Imteyaz Alam ◽  
Jitendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Botanical Pesticide ◽  
Pesticide Formulations ◽  
Pesticide Formulation ◽  
New Generation

The agricultural sector of Asian countries supports 60% of the global population, accounting one-fifth of the world’s agricultural land. Despite the gap between demand and supply of food is gradually increasing due to the damages caused by insect and other pest attacks on the limited agricultural land, the pest attack has influenced the entire agriculture sector either directly or indirectly, causing socioeconomic losses. To combat, farmers have been using conventional agrochemicals nonjudiciously that lead to adverse effects such as pesticide resistance, environmental contamination, and non-target toxicity. In this regard, new-generation agrochemical formulation techniques are advantageous over conventional pesticides and play a vital role in sustainable agriculture by fulfilling the demand of over-rising food supply to feed the increasing population. These formulations exhibit desired bio-efficacy at lower doses and have minimum possibility to leave pesticide residues in crop products and the environment. Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology (IPFT), Gurugram, is one of the leading institutes in Asia, which is actively engaged in developing new-generation formulations to deliver safer, efficient, and environment-friendly pesticide formulations. So far, IPFT has developed 60 pesticide formulations and transferred technologies to different agrochemical industries globally. The new-generation formulations developed by IPFT mainly include microemulsion, nanoemulsion, capsulated suspension, nano-encapsulation, an emulsion in water, mixed formulations including several botanical pesticide formulations. The new advancement in pesticide delivery systems is very supportive in combating the crisis faced by the agricultural sector. In this chapter, formulation of different new-generation pesticides and their advancement are summarized.

Finding the Right Problems: Some HREM Applications to Interfaces

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 376-379
Author(s):  
D. Cherns
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Boundary Structure ◽  
Atomic Structures ◽  
Grain Boundary Structure ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
The Right ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Better Than

The use of high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) to determine the atomic structure of grain boundaries and interfaces is a topic of great current interest. Grain boundary structure has been considered for many years as central to an understanding of the mechanical and transport properties of materials. Some more recent attention has focussed on the atomic structures of metalsemiconductor interfaces which are believed to control electrical properties of contacts. The atomic structures of interfaces in semiconductor or metal multilayers is an area of growing interest for understanding the unusual electrical or mechanical properties which these new materials possess. However, although the point-to-point resolutions of currently available HREMs, ∼2-3Å, appear sufficient to solve many of these problems, few atomic models of grain boundaries and interfaces have been derived. Moreover, with a new generation of 300-400kV instruments promising resolutions in the 1.6-2.0 Å range, and resolutions better than 1.5Å expected from specialist instruments, it is an appropriate time to consider the usefulness of HREM for interface studies.

Total etch dentin bonding systems: scanning electron microscopy of the resin-dentin hybrid layer

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1092-1093
Author(s):  
Jorge Perdigao
Keyword(s):  
Composite Resin ◽  
Mechanical Interlocking ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Dentin Bonding ◽  
Acid Agent ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Bonding Systems ◽  
New Generation

In 1955, Buonocore introduced the etching of enamel with phosphoric acid. Bonding to enamel was created by mechanical interlocking of resin tags with enamel prisms. Enamel is an inert tissue whose main component is hydroxyapatite (98% by weight). Conversely, dentin is a wet living tissue crossed by tubules containing cellular extensions of the dental pulp. Dentin consists of 18% of organic material, primarily collagen. Several generations of dentin bonding systems (DBS) have been studied in the last 20 years. The dentin bond strengths associated with these DBS have been constantly lower than the enamel bond strengths. Recently, a new generation of DBS has been described. They are applied in three steps: an acid agent on enamel and dentin (total etch technique), two mixed primers and a bonding agent based on a methacrylate resin. They are supposed to bond composite resin to wet dentin through dentin organic component, forming a peculiar blended structure that is part tooth and part resin: the hybrid layer.

Low-voltage, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy of polymers

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 466-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Krause ◽  
W.W. Adams ◽  
S. Kumar ◽  
T. Reilly ◽  
T. Suziki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
Crossover Point ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Beam Damage ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of polymers at routine operating voltages of 15 to 25 keV can lead to beam damage and sample image distortion due to charging. Imaging polymer samples with low accelerating voltages (0.1 to 2.0 keV), at or near the “crossover point”, can reduce beam damage, eliminate charging, and improve contrast of surface detail. However, at low voltage, beam brightness is reduced and image resolution is degraded due to chromatic aberration. A new generation of instruments has improved brightness at low voltages, but a typical SEM with a tungsten hairpin filament will have a resolution limit of about 100nm at 1keV. Recently, a new field emission gun (FEG) SEM, the Hitachi S900, was introduced with a reported resolution of 0.8nm at 30keV and 5nm at 1keV. In this research we are reporting the results of imaging coated and uncoated polymer samples at accelerating voltages between 1keV and 30keV in a tungsten hairpin SEM and in the Hitachi S900 FEG SEM.

3-Dimensional immunolabeling and in situ hybridization detection using fluorescence photooxidation and intermediate-voltage Electron Microscopy

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Deerinck ◽  
Maryann E. Martone ◽  
Varda Lev-Ram ◽  
David P. L. Green ◽  
Roger Y. Tsien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Fluorescent Dye ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Dimensional Distribution ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
New Generation

The confocal laser scanning microscope has become a powerful tool in the study of the 3-dimensional distribution of proteins and specific nucleic acid sequences in cells and tissues. This is also proving to be true for a new generation of high contrast intermediate voltage electron microscopes (IVEM). Until recently, the number of labeling techniques that could be employed to allow examination of the same sample with both confocal and IVEM was rather limited. One method that can be used to take full advantage of these two technologies is fluorescence photooxidation. Specimens are labeled by a fluorescent dye and viewed with confocal microscopy followed by fluorescence photooxidation of diaminobenzidine (DAB). In this technique, a fluorescent dye is used to photooxidize DAB into an osmiophilic reaction product that can be subsequently visualized with the electron microscope. The precise reaction mechanism by which the photooxidation occurs is not known but evidence suggests that the radiationless transfer of energy from the excited-state dye molecule undergoing the phenomenon of intersystem crossing leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen. It is this reactive oxygen that is likely crucial in the photooxidation of DAB.

Recent developments in low-voltage SEM of polymers

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 866-867
Author(s):  
S.J. Krause ◽  
W.W. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Thermal Electron ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Beam Currents ◽  
New Generation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Voltage Scanning ◽  
Beam Damage

Over the past decade low voltage scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM) of polymers has evolved from an interesting curiosity to a powerful analytical technique. This development has been driven by improved instrumentation and in particular, reliable field emission gun (FEG) SEMs. The usefulness of LVSEM has also grown because of an improved theoretical and experimental understanding of sample-beam interactions and by advances in sample preparation and operating techniques. This paper will review progress in polymer LVSEM and present recent results and developments in the field.In the early 1980s a new generation of SEMs produced beam currents that were sufficient to allow imaging at low voltages from 5keV to 0.5 keV. Thus, for the first time, it became possible to routinely image uncoated polymers at voltages below their negative charging threshold, the "second crossover", E2 (Fig. 1). LVSEM also improved contrast and reduced beam damage in sputter metal coated polymers. Unfortunately, resolution was limited to a few tenths of a micron due to the low brightness and chromatic aberration of thermal electron emission sources.

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