scholarly journals Assessing Gaseous Hydrogen Assisted Fatigue Crack Growth Susceptibility of Pipeline Steel Weld Fusion Zones and Heat Affected Zones

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 20150057 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Ronevich ◽  
B. P. Somerday
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
Steel Weld

Modeling the fatigue crack growth of X100 pipeline steel in gaseous hydrogen

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 262-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Amaro ◽  
Neha Rustagi ◽  
Kip O. Findley ◽  
Elizabeth S. Drexler ◽  
Andrew J. Slifka
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
X100 Pipeline Steel

Fracture Resistance and Fatigue Crack Growth of X80 Pipeline Steel in Gaseous Hydrogen

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris San Marchi ◽  
Brian P. Somerday ◽  
Kevin A. Nibur ◽  
Douglas G. Stalheim ◽  
Todd Boggess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
X80 Pipeline Steel ◽  
Crack Growth Rates

Gaseous hydrogen is a convenient medium to store and transport energy. As existing petroleum-based platforms are electrified, such as with the growth of fuel cell systems, hydrogen is becoming an attractive fuel which must be distributed, stored and dispensed. Hydrogen is used extensively in refining of petroleum products, and often distributed by pipeline. However, there remains a need to quantify the mechanical properties of low-cost steels in gaseous hydrogen and to relate the measured performance to the variety of microstructures that characterize steels. This study is part of a larger effort to characterize a broad range of steels manufactured for pipelines and to measure their fracture and fatigue resistance in gaseous hydrogen. The fracture resistance and fatigue crack growth rates of two microstructural variations of X80 pipeline steel were measured in gaseous hydrogen at pressure of 21 MPa. The performance of these steels was found to be similar to the performance of other ferritic steels that are currently used to distribute gaseous hydrogen.

scholarly journals Technical Basis for Master Curve for Fatigue Crack Growth of Ferritic Steels in High-Pressure Gaseous Hydrogen in ASME Section VIII-3 Code

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris San Marchi ◽  
Joseph Ronevich ◽  
Paolo Bortot ◽  
Yoru Wada ◽  
John Felbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Master Curve ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
Section Viii ◽  
Crack Growth Rates

Abstract The design of pressure vessels for high-pressure gaseous hydrogen service per ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII Division 3 requires measurement of fatigue crack growth rates in situ in gaseous hydrogen at the design pressure. These measurements are challenging and only a few laboratories in the world are equipped to make these measurements, especially in gaseous hydrogen at pressure in excess of 100 MPa. However, sufficient data is now available to show that common pressure vessel steels (e.g., SA-372 and SA-723) show similar fatigue crack growth rates when the maximum applied stress intensity factor is significantly less than the elastic-plastic fracture toughness. Indeed, the measured rates are sufficiently consistent that a master curve for fatigue crack growth in gaseous hydrogen can be established for steels with tensile strength less than 915 MPa. In this overview, published reports of fatigue crack growth rate data in gaseous hydrogen are reviewed. These data are used to formulate a two-part master curve for fatigue crack growth in high-pressure (106 MPa) gaseous hydrogen, following the classic power-law formulation for fatigue crack growth and a term that accounts for the loading ratio (R). The bounds on applicability of the master curve are discussed, including the relationship between hydrogen-assisted fracture and tensile strength of these steels. These data have been used in developing ASME VIII-3 Code Case 2938. Additionally, a phenomenological term for pressure can be added to the master curve and it is shown that the same master curve formulation captures the behavior of pressure vessel and pipeline steels at significantly lower pressure.

Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of Autofrettaged Hydrogen Pressure Vessel Made of Low Alloy Steel

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoru Wada ◽  
Yusuke Yanagisawa
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Cylindrical Specimen ◽  
Growth Behavior ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
Crack Growth Behavior ◽  
Low Alloy Steel

Autofrettage is used to known as an effective method to prevent fatigue crack propagation of thick-walled cylinder vessels operating under high pressure. Since low-alloy steel shows an enhanced crack growth rate in high-pressure gaseous hydrogen, this paper aims to validate the effect of autofrettage on crack growth behavior in high-pressure gaseous hydrogen utilizing 4%NiCrMoV steel (SA723 Gr3 Class2). An autofrettaged cylindrical specimen with a 70mm inside diameter and 111mm outside diameter was prepared with an axial EDM (depth of 1mm) notched on the inside surface. The measured residual stress profile coincides well with the calculated results. The fatigue crack growth test was conducted by pressurizing the cylinder and varying the external water pressure. Crack propagation from the EDM notch was observed in the non-autofrettaged cylindrical specimen while no crack propagation was observed when the initial EDM notch size was within the compressive residual stress field. When the initial EDM notch size was increased, the fatigue crack growth showed a narrow, groove-like fracture surface for the autofrettaged specimen. In order to qualitatively analyze those results, fatigue crack growth rates were examined under various load ratios including a negative load ratio using a fracture mechanics specimen. From the information obtained, crack growth analysis of an autofrettaged cylinder in a high-pressure hydrogen environment was successfully demonstrated with a fracture mechanics approach.

scholarly journals On the fatigue crack growth behavior of Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al in gaseous hydrogen

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (51) ◽  
pp. 27929-27940
Author(s):  
Zachary D. Harris ◽  
Joseph A. Ronevich ◽  
Vitalie Stavila ◽  
Brian P. Somerday
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Growth Behavior ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
Crack Growth Behavior ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior

Room Temperature Creep and its Effect on Fatigue Crack Growth in a X70 Steel with Various Microstructures

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Fu Nie ◽  
Jie Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Threshold Region ◽  
Single Wave ◽  
Temperature Creep ◽  
Crack Tips ◽  
Room Temperature Creep

Fatigue crack growth (FCG) tests have been performed in an X70 steel with various microstructures (respectively in the as-received and the normalized condition). The effect of room temperature creep (RTC) on FCG behavior has been investigated by comparing with single wave overloads (SWOL). The as-received X70 pipeline steel has high FCG rate at the near-threshold region. While at the Paris region, FCG rate seems insensitive to the microstructure. In both conditions, time-dependent deformation is observed at crack tips (i.e., RTC), which increases with increasing stress-intensity-factor. And this deformation has a high value in the normalized state, under identical testing conditions. Both RTC and SWOL can bring subsequent fatigue crack growth a very short initial acceleration before deceleration, whereas the former induces more serious deceleration and retardation, which attributes to more significant crack closures.

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