Ion Chromatography in the Analysis of Industrial Process Waters and Petroleum Products

2011 ◽  
pp. 494-494-17
Author(s):  
R. A. Kishore Nadkarni ◽  
Kirk Chassaniol
Keyword(s):  
Ion Chromatography ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Petroleum Products

Process Control for Advanced Packaging Metallization

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Eugene Shalyt ◽  
Michael Pavlov ◽  
Danni Lin ◽  
Michael MacEwan ◽  
Helen Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Control ◽  
Ion Chromatography ◽  
Flip Chip ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Chip Technology ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Advanced Packaging

Despite advances in optical interconnect, metal interconnect remains the dominant technology, however the type and diversity of metal structures is rapidly changing. Wire-bonding cannot meet required interconnect density and is being replaced with electrodeposition-based flip chip technology. Modern packaging scheme required high diversity of interconnects within the same device: RDL, mircobump, pillar, TSV, tall (mega) pillar, etc. using sequential deposition of different metals such as Cu, Ni, SnAg/Sn, Au. Diverse challenging requirement leads to evolution of chemistries and process control approaches. Many 20th century chemistries were limited to 1 organic additive for Cu process. Today, up to 4 individual additives are used to dial the process. While most of semiconductor front end processing enjoys the luxury of single-use chemistry, it is not yet considered a viable option for electrodeposition. The same electrolyte can be used for processing over 1000 parts in replenishment mode. Maintaining performance under these conditions requires close monitoring of component breakdown and contaminants accumulated in the processes. There is also a real possibility for disproportional trends for individual components of replenishment package. It is no longer enough to monitor just main 3–6 components of the bath. Successful high volume metallization for advanced packaging requires comprehensive metrology/process control. Presentation will provide specific examples of metrology and process control strategy for various metallization solution with emphasize on breakdown products and contaminants. There is no single technology which can cover diversity of metrology needs. CVS is a versatile technology which can be used not only for control of main additives but also to monitor breakdown products of accelerator, suppressor, leveler, Cu(I) contaminants, H2O2 contaminant and even leached photoresist. In case of Ni chemistry, it is useful to monitor breakdown products of sulfamate. UV-Vis spectroscopy shines at monitoring of leached photoresists, Fe(III), breakdown products of sulfamate as well as control of many main components: Cu, Ni, Co, Au, additives. ICP is the best for ultra low level of metal contaminants which can harms deposition process, as well as low level of some target components, like Tl in Au. Novel approach is developed to track additive turnover process based on ICP results. HPLC is valuable to characterize multiple breakdown products of organic additives, while ion chromatography helps to track transformation of ions, such as oxidation of sulfite to sulfate in Au solution. Surface tension aids monitoring of surfactants and their degradation. It is important to differentiate between R&D study and robust “fit-to-purpose” practical process control. While Ion Chromatography approach would be more appropriate for academic study and perhaps process development, simple robust methods like titration, specific gravity are preferable for industrial process control. Similarly, HPLC is a great scientific tool but CVS, spectroscopy and titration are better fit and safer alternative for in-fab operation. Presentation will provide specific examples and comparative analysis of different analytical methods.

Equipment dentifying Vapor Leakages and Recovery of Petroleum Product Vapor When Stored

2020 ◽  
Vol 05 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Y.N. Rybakov ◽  
◽  
V.E. Danilov ◽  
I.V. Danilov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Petroleum Product ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Carnot Cycle ◽  
Oil Supply ◽  
Gas Stations ◽  
Environmental Situation ◽  
Vapor Absorption

The problem of losses of oil products from leaks during their storage and transportation at oil supply facilities is considered. The influence of oil product leaks on the environmental situation around oil depots and gas stations is shown. A detailed overview of existing methods and tools for detecting leaks of petroleum products from storage facilities is presented. The evaluation of their effectiveness. Two methods for detecting oil leaks and devices based on them are proposed. The first device monitors the movement of liquid in the tank, the second-detects petroleum products in wastewater. The problem of recovery of petroleum vapors and environmental pollution from the release of vapors of light fractions into the atmosphere is also considered. An overview of existing methods and means of recovery of petroleum vapors is presented. Two methods and devices for capturing oil vapors and returning them to the reservoir are proposed, based on different principles: vapor absorption in the cooled oil product and vapor recovery on the principle of the Carnot cycle. It is shown that these devices can provide effective detection of oil leaks and recovery of their vapors, as well as improve the effectiveness of environmental protection at modern gas stations and tank farms.

To the issue of water treatment by hydrocyclone on the systems of the combined irrigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Nikolay Dubenok ◽  
Andrey Novikov ◽  
Sergei Borodychev ◽  
Maria Lamskova
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Cylindrical Part ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Drain Pipe ◽  
Irrigation Network

At the stage of water treatment for irrigation systems, the efficiency capture coarse and fine mechanical impurities, as well as oil products and organic compounds affects the reliability of the equipment of the irrigation network and the safety of energy exchange processes in irrigated agricultural landscapes. The violation of work irrigation system can cause disruptions in irrigation schedules of agricultural crops, crop shortages, degradation phenomena on the soil and ecological tension. For the combined irrigation system, a water treatment unit has been developed, representing a hydrocyclone apparatus with a pipe filter in the case. For the capacity of 250 m3/h the main geometrical dimensions of hydrocyclone have been calculated. To organize the capture petroleum products and organic compounds, it has been proposed a modernization of a hydrocyclone unit, consisting in dividing the cylindrical part of the apparatus into two section. The first is section is for input irrigation water, the second one is for additional drainage of clarified irrigation water after sorption purification by the filter, placed on the disk and installed coaxially with the drain pipe and the pipe filter.

Short Films from a Small Nation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Claire Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Public Information ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Documentary Films ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short Films ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Art And Architecture

The first book-length study in English of a national corpus of state-sponsored informational film, this book traces how Danish shorts on topics including social welfare, industry, art and architecture were commissioned, funded, produced and reviewed from the inter-war period to the 1960s. For three decades, state-sponsored short filmmaking educated Danish citizens, promoted Denmark to the world, and shaped the careers of renowned directors like Carl Th. Dreyer. Examining the life cycle of a representative selection of films, and discussing their preservation and mediation in the digital age, this book presents a detailed case study of how informational cinema is shaped by, and indeed shapes, its cultural, political and technological contexts.The book combines close textual analysis of a broad range of films with detailed accounts of their commissioning, production, distribution and reception in Denmark and abroad, drawing on Actor-Network Theory to emphasise the role of a wide range of entities in these processes. It considers a broad range of genres and sub-genres, including industrial process films, public information films, art films, the city symphony, the essay film, and many more. It also maps international networks of informational and documentary films in the post-war period, and explores the role of informational film in Danish cultural and political history.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document