The Energy-Saving of Urban Tunnel Ventilation Based on the Investigation of the Annual Discount Rate of CO Baseline Emission in City of Shenzhen

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 20180295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. B. Luo ◽  
J. X. Chen ◽  
W. W. Liu ◽  
X. Y. Zhang ◽  
P. L. Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
Tunnel Ventilation ◽  
Annual Discount Rate

Highway Tunnel Ventilation Technology Energy-Saving Assessment Based on Matter-Element Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 611-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Zan Chu ◽  
Chuan Zheng Zhu ◽  
Yao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Tunnel Ventilation ◽  
Highway Tunnel ◽  
Saving Effect ◽  
Matter Element Model

In recent years, with the rapid increase of tunnel percentage in Midwestern highway construction, the tunnel operation cost rise quickly. In the cost, energy consumption of tunnel ventilation and illumination occupies a great proportion. In order to realize energy-saving and emission-reduction, there have been some new ventilation technology, for instance, the improved ventilation device, the improved ventilation method, and some new ventilation control technology. However after some new technology was applied, the phenomenon of energy-saving but not money-saving appeared. For the scientific and objective evaluation of highway tunnel ventilation technology energy-saving effect, construct evaluation index system from the three dimensions of technology usability, economy, and application effect, and then evaluate the energy-saving effect based on matter-element model. The result of assessment will give decision support for the later selection of highway tunnel ventilation technology proposal.

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Vedolizumab Compared With Infliximab in Anti-TNF-α-Naïve Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Zhou ◽  
Yanan Sheng ◽  
Haijing Guan ◽  
Rui Meng ◽  
Zijing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Annual Discount Rate ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The Cost

Objective: To evaluate the cost effectiveness of vedolizumab vs. infliximab in the treatment of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-naïve patients with moderate-to-severe active ulcerative colitis (UC) in China.Methods: The costs and effectiveness of vedolizumab and infliximab in the treatment of anti-TNF-α naïve patients with moderate-to-severe active UC were compared using a hybrid decision tree model and a Markov model. From the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system, this study simulated the lifetime health benefits [quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs)] and costs (USD) for patients with UC from the induction phase to the maintenance phase, with an annual discount rate of 5%. The clinical efficacy and transition probability data were based on a previously published network meta-analysis. The health utility, surgical risk, biologic drug discontinuation rate, and mortality were derived from previous literature and the Chinese statistical yearbook. The cost data were based on China's drug purchase and biding platform and the results of a survey sent to clinicians in 18 tertiary hospitals. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSAs) were performed to validate the robustness of the models' assumptions and specific parameter estimates.Results: The results of the base-case analyses showed that compared with infliximab, vedolizumab led to a gain of 0.25 QALYs (9.56 vs. 9.31 QALYs) and was less expensive by $7,349 ($180,138 vs. 187,487), indicating that the use of vedolizumab was a dominant strategy. The results of one-way sensitivity analyses suggested that the annual discount rate and health-state costs had the greatest impact, but the results were otherwise consistent with those of the base-case analyses. The PSAs suggested that vedolizumab had a 98.6% probability of being effective at a threshold of 3 times the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in China in 2020.Conclusion: Compared with infliximab, vedolizumab appears to be a more cost-effective option in the treatment of anti-TNF-α naïve adult patients with moderate-to-severe, active UC in China.

scholarly journals Enhancing energetic and economic efficiency of heating coal mines by infrared heaters

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
O Voznyak ◽  
N Spodyniuk ◽  
O Savchenko ◽  
I Sukholova ◽  
M Kasynets
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Infrared Heating ◽  
Energy Audit

Purpose. To increase the energy and economic efficiency of heating coal mines with infrared heaters through energy saving measures, taking into account the dynamics of the discount rate. To achieve this goal, the task was to conduct an energy audit of the heating system of the mine during its reconstruction according to an improved method, taking into account the dynamics of the discount rate and measures that are not feasible at the same time. Methodology. When using infrared heating systems, local heating of the working area is provided. As a result, the necessary temperature conditions in the mines are maintained and there is a possibility of creating a local microclimate. A multifactorial experiment was performed and the research results were graphically and analytically described. Furthermore, the method of energy audit, taking into account the effect of complex interaction of factors and the dynamics of the degree of discount, is applied. Findings. According to the results of the experiment, a nomogram of the temperature regime of the irradiation area with an infrared heater was constructed, which was approximated by the analytical dependence. The optimal profit from the introduction of energy-saving technologies during operation is EUR 379.2 under the following conditions: replacement of the heating system from stationary to variable with automation; installation of a different number of infrared heaters NL-12R with power Q 1200 W each; application of the effect of complex interaction of factors. Originality. The conducted energy audit of the radiant heating system with the use of infrared heaters during the underground reconstruction showed that non-stationary heating is efficient because it saves energy and has the lowest payback period. Practical value. The expediency of using infrared heaters in variable mode in both energy and technical and economic aspects has been proved. These measures will provide comfortable conditions in the mine and have a significant economic effect.

Subjective Time Preference and Willingness to Pay for an Energy-Saving Durable Good

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit Antonides ◽  
Sophia R. Wunderink
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Durable Good ◽  
Discount Function ◽  
Hyperbolic Discount ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Parameter ◽  
Difference Effect ◽  
Better Than

Summary: Different shapes of individual subjective discount functions were compared using real measures of willingness to accept future monetary outcomes in an experiment. The two-parameter hyperbolic discount function described the data better than three alternative one-parameter discount functions. However, the hyperbolic discount functions did not explain the common difference effect better than the classical discount function. Discount functions were also estimated from survey data of Dutch households who reported their willingness to postpone positive and negative amounts. Future positive amounts were discounted more than future negative amounts and smaller amounts were discounted more than larger amounts. Furthermore, younger people discounted more than older people. Finally, discount functions were used in explaining consumers' willingness to pay for an energy-saving durable good. In this case, the two-parameter discount model could not be estimated and the one-parameter models did not differ significantly in explaining the data.

Using Discount Rate to Predict Treatment Effect and Relapse

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Min Yu ◽  
Xinyue Zhou ◽  
Jingjing Lin ◽  
Yi Ni
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Treatment Effect

Establishment and Production Costs for Peach Orchards in Florida: Enterprise Budget and Profitability Analysis

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Singerman ◽  
Marina Burani Arouca ◽  
Mercy A. Olmstead
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Average Price ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Enterprise Budget ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Peach Orchard

The article summarizes the establishment and production costs, as well as the potential profitability of a peach orchard in Florida. Our findings show the initial investment required for a peach operation in Florida to be $6,457 per acre; the expense in land preparation and planting alone in year 1 is $2,541 per acre. Variable and fixed costs in years 2 through 15 average $5,680 per acre. As an example of profitability, when using a 10% discount rate, an operation yielding 6,525 (7,254) pounds of marketable fruit per acre during its most productive years obtains a positive NPV when the average price is $2.38 ($2.13) per pound.

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