Crime Laboratory Proficiency Testing Results, 1978–1991, I: Identification and Classification of Physical Evidence

1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 13870J ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Peterson ◽  
Penelope N. Markham
Keyword(s):  
Proficiency Testing ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Crime Laboratory

Uses Of Microscopy In The Crime Lab

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1350-1351
Author(s):  
T. Mc Adam
Keyword(s):  
Crime Scene ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Mathematical Probability ◽  
Aged Woman ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Middle Aged Woman ◽  
Dna Technology ◽  
Crime Laboratory

Recent celebrated criminal cases have raised the public's awareness of forensic science. The advent of DNA technology, in particular, has led to a perception of instrumental techniques that lead to a mathematical probability of guilt that approaches certainty. Mostly passed over in press accounts of forensic operations is the use of the microscope in the examination of physical evidence. By the use of an example from an adjudicated criminal case it is hoped that a greater appreciation is gained of the microscope, that in its various forms, is by far the most widely used instrument in a crime laboratory today.A middle-aged woman was reported missing by her son after the Memorial Day weekend in 1997. An examination of her apartment by members of the Washington State Patrol Crime Scene Response Team revealed a small amount of blood on her bedding. This bedding, together with other items, was taken into evidence.

‘I Can’t Do This’

It Follows ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 67-82
Author(s):  
Joshua Grimm
Keyword(s):  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Open Universe ◽  
Main Protagonist

This chapter discusses the easy classification of David Robert Mitchell'sIt Follows that most closely falls into the slasher subgenre with its crop of teen characters. It explores the open universe concept that provides depth to It Follows's characters, resulting in audience involvement that moves beyond spectatorship. It also looks at the attribute binding the films characters Kelly, Paul, and Yara whose concern is at a level far beyond that is typically seen. The chapter highlights how the three characters in the film were quick to believe the main protagonist of the film named Jay before they saw any form of physical evidence of the entity's existence. It mentions teen romance as the most prevalent and popular subgenres that often takes the form of first dates, parties, and prom.

Proficiency Testing Results for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in North America

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristi Smock ◽  
Marlies Ledford-Kraemer ◽  
Piet Meijer ◽  
Peihong Hsu ◽  
Elizabeth Van Cott
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Proficiency Testing ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Agglutination Method

Between 2010 and 2012, North American Specialized Coagulation Laboratory Association (NASCOLA) distributed five proficiency testing challenges to evaluate laboratory testing for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Results (n = 355) were submitted from 43 unique laboratories for 10 samples (3 positive, 2 weak positive, and 5 negative). The vast majority of results were from commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods, predominantly polyvalent assays. Laboratories performed well in the classification of clear negative and positive samples. All results (100%) submitted for the five negative samples (n = 173) and 97% of immunological results submitted for the three positive samples (n = 105) were correctly classified (the incorrect responses were two borderline classifications and, from a gel-agglutination method, one negative classification). There was more difficulty in the classification of the two weak positive samples (n = 70). In one survey, 61% of results from the weak positive sample were classified as positive, while 21% were called negative, 16% were called borderline, and 2% were called inconclusive. In a second survey, 16% of results from the weak positive sample were called positive, while 56% were called negative, and 28% were called borderline. Significant interlaboratory variation was observed for ELISA results, with coefficients of variation of about 20 to 30%. We conclude that there is variability in HIT laboratory testing and that identification of weak positive samples can be challenging.

scholarly journals TRACES OF EXPLOSION AS A CONSTITUENT OF CRIMINALISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A TYPICAL PICTURE OF TERRORIST DIRECTEDNESS CRIMES

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
G. O. Chornyi
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Imaging Theory ◽  
Explosive Device ◽  
Explosive Devices ◽  
Trace Formation ◽  
Typical Picture ◽  
Broad Understanding

There are viewed the main issues of the general criminalistic classification of traces in the commission of a terrorist directedness crimes, in which the traces are divided into ideal and material. The philosophical basis for the research and study of traces in the broad understanding is the imaging theory. At that a necessary condition for mapping is similarity with the represented object and similarity to it. Material traces by their nature cover changes in the situation of the place of incidence, traces of the object reflection, which are physical evidence and document. The most common traces that remain after the commission of terrorist directedness crimes are the traces of the use of explosives, explosive devices. The author gives the notion of an explosion, from the point of view of its criminalistic meaning, explores the main elements of an explosive device. Particular attention is paid to the classification of explosion traces, depending on conditions and time of trace formation, there are: 1) traces, the formation of which is associated with the illegal manufacture, acquisition, transfer, sale, storage, transportation or carrying of explosives or explosive devices; 2) preparation traces of the explosive device for the direct explosion; 3) traces of the use of an explosive device in the commission of crimes (traces of an explosion). For each classification group the author indicates the types of traces that are characteristic to it. In the traces, the nature of the actions of criminals, the traits of their personality and the circumstances of committing crimes of a terrorist directedness are objectively reflected. The study of traces makes it possible to reconstruct the mechanism and circumstances of the commission of a crime, the method of preparing it, committing and concealing it, the motives andpur- poses of the crime.

Note on the spectral classification of carbon stars in the photographic infrared region

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Y. Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Region ◽  
Spectral Classification ◽  
Carbon Stars

We have investigated the spectrograms (dispersion: 8Å/mm) in the photographic infrared region fromλ7500 toλ9000 of some carbon stars obtained by the coudé spectrograph of the 74-inch reflector attached to the Okayama Astrophysical Observatory. The names of the stars investigated are listed in Table 1.

Diagnostic Value of Electron Microscopy in Soft Tissue Tumors

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
Gerald Fine ◽  
Azorides R. Morales
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Myxoma ◽  
Osteogenic Sarcoma ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
Amelanotic Melanoma ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Good Agreement

For years the separation of carcinoma and sarcoma and the subclassification of sarcomas has been based on the appearance of the tumor cells and their microscopic growth pattern and information derived from certain histochemical and special stains. Although this method of study has produced good agreement among pathologists in the separation of carcinoma from sarcoma, it has given less uniform results in the subclassification of sarcomas. There remain examples of neoplasms of different histogenesis, the classification of which is questionable because of similar cytologic and growth patterns at the light microscopic level; i.e. amelanotic melanoma versus carcinoma and occasionally sarcoma, sarcomas with an epithelial pattern of growth simulating carcinoma, histologically similar mesenchymal tumors of different histogenesis (histiocytoma versus rhabdomyosarcoma, lytic osteogenic sarcoma versus rhabdomyosarcoma), and myxomatous mesenchymal tumors of diverse histogenesis (myxoid rhabdo and liposarcomas, cardiac myxoma, myxoid neurofibroma, etc.)

Use of SEM, X-ray analysis and TEM to localize Fe3+ reduction in roots

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 392-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Wergin ◽  
P. F. Bell ◽  
Rufus L. Chaney
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Young Root ◽  
Insoluble Precipitate ◽  
Uptake And Transport ◽  
Scanning Electron

In dicotyledons, Fe3+ must be reduced to Fe2+ before uptake and transport of this essential macronutrient can occur. Ambler et al demonstrated that reduction along the root could be observed by the formation of a stain, Prussian blue (PB), Fe4 [Fe(CN)6]3 n H2O (where n = 14-16). This stain, which is an insoluble precipitate, forms at the reduction site when the nutrient solution contains Fe3+ and ferricyanide. In 1972, Chaney et al proposed a model which suggested that the Fe3+ reduction site occurred outside the cell membrane; however, no physical evidence to support the model was presented at that time. A more recent study using the PB stain indicates that rapid reduction of Fe3+ occurs in a region of the root containing young root hairs. Furthermore the most pronounced activity occurs in plants that are deficient in Fe. To more precisely localize the site of Fe3+ reduction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to examine the distribution of the PB precipitate that was induced to form in roots.

Ultrastructure of mesotheliomas

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Irving Dardick
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Spindle Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Cytological Features ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation

With the extensive industrial use of asbestos in this century and the long latent period (20-50 years) between exposure and tumor presentation, the incidence of malignant mesothelioma is now increasing. Thus, surgical pathologists are more frequently faced with the dilemma of differentiating mesothelioma from metastatic adenocarcinoma and spindle-cell sarcoma involving serosal surfaces. Electron microscopy is amodality useful in clarifying this problem.In utilizing ultrastructural features in the diagnosis of mesothelioma, it is essential to appreciate that the classification of this tumor reflects a variety of morphologic forms of differing biologic behavior (Table 1). Furthermore, with the variable histology and degree of differentiation in mesotheliomas it might be expected that the ultrastructure of such tumors also reflects a range of cytological features. Such is the case.

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